• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2003

As the globalization become the main stream in our world, there is no exception also on the cultural section. And we are En the midst of this rapid transition. In the case of advertising market, we opened to those agencies in abroad in the early year of 1990 and now completely opened. On this thesis, the multinational corporation advertising was studied and researched by empirical case study. The main topic is the value expression in the advertising creativity viewed on the cultural level. The multinational corporations that have an eminent, powerful brands produces much of goods wend widely with their powerful brands and extend their marketing activities to abroad. For example, those non-alcoholic beverages, pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, electronic appliances, vehicles, sports shoes, clothes are their main exports, and they broaden the product category, market size to the global market. They also use an expert marketing skill accumulated for a long time. The advertising activities is one of the useful method to extend their global market abroad enhacing continuously brand value. And much of the multinational corporation's advertising are suspected of negative effects that advertisements works on a tool which curies so called uniformed ideology - various ruling ideology - with commercial messages. These advertising affect an developing country's moral value, life style, social value, and others. And they weaken those developing country's unique tradition, culture by putting their own ideology. Those who have a critical position on the advertising activities have been careful in judging it's effects. The result of this study which of the value system is expressed in the multinational corporation's advertisements are; First, the self - esteem value is classified by western value, and it was founded out much more in the domestic corporation's advertisements then multinational ones. Second, the security value system is classified by western value system, and it's outcome was much the same as former one. Consequently, the multinational corporation's advertisements have less of an western value expression relative to korean advertisements. Those outcomes may infer that the multinational corporations prefer to an compromise creative strategy in korea for avoiding cultural conflicts.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2009

This survey study was conducted on dental technician school students in April 2008 to investigate the effects of smoking on oral health. 110 male and 39 female students were surveyed and cross analysis was performed to examine the relationship between oral health status and smoking-related and oral health maintenance characteristics of smoking and non-smoking group. T-test and one-way ANAVA was used to analyze the average difference verification of two independent samples(smoking group and non-smoking group) and followings are the results. In general characteristics, 74 male students(74.7%) and 25 female(25.3%) students smoked and the percentage of male students were higher in smoking group. Regarding class grade, 2nd-year students(37 students, 37.4%) and 1st-year students(18 students, 36.0%) took the highest percentage of smoking and non-smoking group, respectively. Concerning the experience of drinking, smoking group consumed more alcoholic beverages(94 students, 94.9%) With respect to the frequency of between-meal consumption, respondents who eat between-meal once or twice smoked more. Respecting preferences of sweet food, respondents who enjoyed sweet food smoked more. Concerning smoking characteristics, many of smoking group had been smoked fo a long time(two to five years) and it was worrisome. About the amounts of smoking, 50 respondents(52.6%) of smoking group smoked 20 cigarettes a day with the highest proportion. With regard to the awareness of harmfulness, 70 respondents(70.7%) considered smoking as very harmful and showed that smoking group were aware of its harmfulness but it was habitualized. Respecting smokers in family members, father was more common as smokers(58 respondents, 58.6%) in family and showed that the influence of father. Main reasons of poor periodontal health were alchoholic consumption, smoking, and oral parafunctional habit(57 respondents, 56.7%) in smoking group and neglect of oral hygiene(21 respondents, 42.0%) in non-smoking group. With regard to the scaling, 80 respondents of smoking group(80.8%) didn't received scaling and showed that more oral health education was required. Regarding the periodontal status, non-smoking group was $1.26{\pm}0.44$, respondents who received scaling was $1.43{\pm}0.50$, respondents who regularly floss was $1.50{\pm}0.52$, respondents who brush more than three times a day was $1.38{\pm}0.49$ and had better periodontal health. Bleeding during tooth brushing was more frequent in smoking group ($1.51{\pm}0.70$). Regarding mouth order, non-smoking group was $2.34{\pm}0.62$, after scaling was $2.02{\pm}0.76$, patients who regularly floss was $1.50{\pm}0.52$, patients who brush more than three times a day was $1.81{\pm}0.87$. Concerning the experience of dental caries treatment, smoking group was $1.20{\pm}0.40$, patients who do not floss was $1.30{\pm}0.46$, patients who brush once a day was $1.29{\pm}0.45$. With regard to dental prosthesis, non-smoking group was $3.78{\pm}1.62$, patients who received scaling was $1.43{\pm}0.50$, patients who regularly floss was $1.40{\pm}0.51$, patients who brush more than three times a day was $1.24{\pm}0.43$. From these results, oral health education and smoking has correlation and more oral health education needs to be carried out to educate students with non-health related majors about harmfulness of smoking on oral health. Also more study are required.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.742-755
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of the dietary guidelines for Koreans (DGK) among Korean adults based on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Methods: A total of 514 Korean adults aged 19-64 years completed a self-administered online questionnaire assessing their perceptions of DGK, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, and subjective assessments regarding the importance of 11 nutrients and 16 food groups. The differences in the perceptions of DGK according to the characteristics of the participants were analyzed using t-tests or ANOVA. Additionally, the differences in the subjective assessments of nutrients and food groups according to the perceptions of DGK were examined using t-tests. Results: The awareness of DGK was significantly higher among participants aged 50-64 years, living in single-person households, who were physically active, with a lower frequency of eating out, and with a higher interest in dietary information (p < 0.05 for all). The understanding of DGK was significantly higher among participants aged 19-29 years, females, individuals who were under or normal weight, non-smokers, those who self-evaluated their diet as healthy, and those with a high interest in dietary information (p < 0.05 for all). Additionally, the applicability of DGK was significantly higher among participants aged 50-64 years, who were physically active, who self-evaluated their diet as healthy, and who had a high interest in dietary information (p < 0.05 for all). Participants with a higher perception of DGK tended to attribute greater importance to most nutrients and food groups compared to those with a lower perception level. However, processed meat and foods, beverages, and alcoholic drinks consistently received lower importance ratings compared to other nutrients and food groups, regardless of the perception level. Conclusion: This research suggests that the perceptions of DGK among Korean adults may vary depending on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Consequently, there is a need to customize and diversify the methods for providing dietary guidelines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.397-405
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• 2009

A trienzyme extraction method (use of ${\alpha}$-amylase, protease and folate conjugase) for food folate assay has been used to release folate from the food matrix. In order to reduce the incubation time with three enzymes, folate values were compared between two incubation protocols; separate incubation (SI, incubated with ${\alpha}$-amylase and conjugase separately for 2 hours after protease treatment) and combined incubation (CI, incubated with ${\alpha}$-amylase and conjugase together for 2 hours after protease treatment) using 88 food items from 12 kinds of fast foods and processed foods. We found that folate values by CI were comparable to or higher than those by SI, indicating that CI might be a better extraction procedure to shorten the entire incubation time. We measured folate contents in 49 fast foods and 26 processed foods by microbiological assay after CI. Mean folate contents of one serving of various burgers ranged from 43.1 to 62.0 ${\mu}g$. One serving of French fries, pizza, sandwich and triangled kimbab contained a mean of 53.3, 28.4, 47.4, and 25.7 ${\mu}g$ of folate, respectively. Folate contents of non-alcoholic beverages were very low, ranging from 1.0 to 5.2 ${\mu}g$/100 g. Some of our values were comparable to the values in the folate database published in Korean Nutrition Society, however, some of the published values were 140 times higher than the measured values in this study. Folate values measured by the more recent modifications here can be used to update Korean folate database to accurately estimate dietary folate intake.