• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to test that motor skill training enhance motor function and cerebellar development. Using an animal model of fetal alcohol syndrome-which equates peak blood alcohol concentrations across developmental period-critifical periods for the effect of alcohol on body and cerebellar weigh was examined. The effect of motor skill training on motor function and cerebellar development of rat exposed alcohol on postnatal days 4 through 10 were studied. Newborn rats were assigned to one of two groups: (1) Control group (CG), via artificial rearing to milk formula and (2) experimental groups (EG), via 4.5g/kg/day of ethanol in a milk solution. After completion of the treatments, the pups were fostered back to lactating dams, and wearing they were raised in standard caged until they were postnatal 48 days. Rats from experimental group of postnatal treatment then spent 10 days in one of two groups: Experimental group II (EGII) was had got motor skill training (training traverse a set of 6 elevated obstacles) for 4 weeks. Experimental group I (EGI) was not trained. Before sacrificing, the rat got examined two behavioral test, body weigh and cerebellar weigh, then coronal sections were processed. The section was investigated the Purkije cell in the cerebellum using light microscope. The results of this study were as follows. 1. In body weight test, the outcome of alcohol groups were significantly lower than the normal group. 2. In cerebellar weight test, the outcome of EGI were significantly lower than CG and EGII. 3. In motor behavioral test, the outcome of EGI was significantly lower than NG and EGII. 4. In Purkinje cells counting test, the outcome of EGI was significantly lower than the NG and EGII. These result suggest that improved motor function induced by motor skill training after postnatal exposure is associated with dynamically altered expression of Purkinje cells and that is related with cerebellar function. Also, these data can potentially serve as a model for therapeutic intervention.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to test that complex motor training enhance motor function significantly, to test change in cerebellum, and to test the synaptic plasticity into the immunohistochemistry response of synaptophysin. Using an animal model of fetal alcohol syndrome - which equates peak blood alcohol concentrations across developmental period - the effects of alcohol on body weight during periods were examined. The effect of complex motor training on motor function and synaptic plasticity of rat exposed alcohol on postnatal days 4 through 10 were studied. Newborn rats were assigned to one of two groups: (1) normal group (NG), via artificial rearing to milk formula and (2) alcohol groups (AG), via 4.5 g/kg/day of ethanol in a milk solution. After completion of the treatments, the pups were fostered back to lactating dams, where they were raised in standard cages (two-and three animals per cage) until they were postnatal 48 days. Rats from alcohol group of postnatal treatment then spent 10 days in one of two groups: Alcohol-experimental group was had got complex motor training (learning traverse a set of 6 elevated obstacles) for 4 weeks. The alcohol-control group was not trained. Before consider replacing with "the experiment/study", (avoid using "got" in writing) the rats were examined during four behavioral tests and their body weights were measured, then their coronal sections were processed in rabbit polyclonal antibody synaptophysin. The synaptophysin expression in the cerebellar cortex was investigated using a light microscope. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The alcohol groups contained significantly higher alcohol concentrations than the normal group. 2. The alcohol groups had significantly lower body weights than the normal group. 3. In alcohol groups performed significantly lower than the normal group on the motor behavioral test. 4. In alcohol-control group showed significantly decreased immunohistochemistric response of the synaptophysin in the cerebellar cortex compared to the nomal group. These results suggest that improved motor function induced by complex motor training after postnatal exposure is associated with dynamically altered expression of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex and that is related with synaptic plasticity. Also, these data can potentially serve as a model for therapeutic intervention.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 1992

신체나 정신적으로 건강한 남자 대학생 15명을 대상으로 시판 소주(25%)를 식사 후 $3{\sim}4$시간 지나서 체중 kg당 ethyl alcohol 1ml(60kg 체중의 경우 소주 4잔, (240ml 또는 맥주 $2\frac{1}{5}$병 정도)되도록 마시게 한 후 시간별(5, 30, 60, 90분)로 Alcohol Sensor 100을 사용하여 호기로 혈중알를농도를 측정하고 선택반응시간검사(교통 신호등 반응시간검사), 눈과 손의 협동능력기능검사 및 연속가산에 의한 계산능력기능검사를 술을 마신 후 시간별로(5, 30, 60, 90분) 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 술을 마셨을 때의 호기로 측정한 혈중알콜농도는 술(소주)을 마신 후 5, 30, 60, 90분에 중량백분율로서 각각 0.16%($160{\pm}57mg/100ml$), 0.10%($100{\pm}42mg/100m1$), 0.08%($80{\pm}36mg/100m1$), 0.03%($30{\pm}24mg/100m1$)로서 음주직후인 5분후에 0.16%로서 가장 높은 농도를 보였고 그 후는 점차 떨어져 30분, 60분에는 0.10%와 0.08%로 나타났다. 그리고 술을 마신 직후 호기로 혈중알콜농도를 측정할 경우 실제 혈중알콜농도보다 높게 나타날 가능성이 있다. 2. 선택반응시간검사(교통신호반응시간 검사 : 즉 빨간 정지신호를 보고 브레이크를 밟는 시간)에서는 혈액중 알콜농도가 증가함에 따라 반응시간이 길어졌으며, 술을 마신후 혈중농도가 0.16%, 0.10%, 0.08%를 보인 5분, 30분, 60분에서는 음주전보다 유의하게 늦어졌으며, p<0.01, 음주후 5분과 30분 후에는 0.46초 및 0.44초로서 음주전의 0.40초보다 0.06초와 0.04초 늦어졌다. 3. 눈과 눈의 협동능력검사에서는 혈중알콜농도가 높아감에 따라 작업수행의 정확도가 떨어졌는데 혈중농도가 0.08% 이상을 보인 음주후 5분과 30분, 60분후(p<0.05)에는 유의하게 협동능력이 떨어졌다. 4. 연속가산검사에서는 계산능력이 혈중농도가 0.08% 이상에서 계산의 정확성과 속도가 유의하게 떨어졌다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.611-623
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate a reducing alcohol intervention program for workers. Method: The intervention program employed one-group pretest-post-test design with repeated measuring by quasi-experimental study. The program was developed from literature review based on the Transtheoretical Model, and evaluated from April 6 to June 22, 2006. Sixteen white collar male workers participated. At the beginning, the subjects were at the pre-contemplation stage (50%) and contemplation stage (50%). The intervention was applied personally or in group twice a week for 9 weeks. Results: The scores of each stage of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with those in the pretest. The scores of process (cognitive and behavioral) of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with those in the pretest. The score of self-efficacy of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The score of pros-cons for drinking in the post-test decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The consumption of alcohol a week and a day in the post-test decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The levels in ALT, AST, GGT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, B.P. and BMI in the post-test did not decrease significantly compared with those in the pretest, but the level of FBS decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. Conclusion: The above result informs us that a stage-based reducing alcohol intervention program for workers has the effect of increasing the stages of change, the process of change (cognitive and behavioral) and self-efficacy, and decreasing pros-cons for drinking alcohol consumption and FBS, and it also has a value as an effective means of nursing for workers.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제37권
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• pp.67-88
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• 1999

본 연구조사는 사회복지학계에서는 최초로 국내외에서 개발된 다양한 알코올사용장애 선별도구를 이용하여 신뢰성이 높은 알코올사용장애율을 밝히는 것을 주목적으로 하였다. 조사대상자는 전국에 거주하는 성인으로 충화표집을 이용하여 추출되었고 총 614명이 본 조사에 참여하였다. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, 한국형 알코올 중독선별 도구를 이용하여 조사대상자의 음주문제를 측정하였고 조사대상자의 음주빈도, 음주 양, 폭음정도를 측정하였다. 본 조사의 주요결과로는 한국성인의 32.2%가 음주와 관련된 문제를 경험한 것으로 나타났으며 전체 성인의 4.2% (한국성인의 134만명)가 알코올사용장애가 있는 것으로 선별되어 우리 나라 성인의 음주문제가 상당히 심각한 수준에 와 있는 것으로 제시하고 있다. 사회복지사는 우리 나라 성인의 음주문제의 심각성을 인식하고 초기면접시 AUDIT나 NAST 같은 선별도구를 사용하여 클라이언트의 음주문제를 항상 파악하여야 할 것이고 알코올 및 약물사용으로 인해 고통 받고 있는 개인들과 그들의 가족을 위한 효과적인 프로그램과 자원을 개발하는데에도 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 후속연구를 위한 세 가지 제안점을 언급하고 있다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2005

Objectives : To survey college students with an Alcohol Use Disorder, and analyze the reasons for their disorder. Methods : The cross-sectional study was conducted at 60 four-year colleges within Seoul and 9 other provinces. The schools and students selected for the study provide a nationally representative sample, and the survey was conducted between May 15th and June 14th 2003. 2,385 cases were analyzed using questionnaires, which included a series of questions about students' alcohol use and associated problems, as well as an Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Results : 42.3% of students were found to have an Alcohol Use Disorder. The probability of a student having an Alcohol Use Disorder was 1.30 times higher among male compared to female students. Those students not living with their parents or relatives were 1.40 times more likely to have an Alcohol Use Disorder. Those students where the father had a drinking problem and those who admitted that their parents drank heavily while they were growing up were 1.38 and 1.54 times more likely, respectively, to have an Alcohol Use Disorder. Those students attending a general university, joining a student club, attaining less than a B average credit score and those unsatisfied with their education were 1.60, 1.36, 1.41 and 1.27 times more likely, respectively, to have an Alcohol Use Disorder. Those students who had experience of drugs, smoking, binge drinking when they were in the last year of high school and the forceful consumption of mixed alcohol were 3.67, 1.95, 2.15 and 1.76 times more likely, respectively, to have an Alcohol Use Disorder. Conclusions : College students' with an Alcohol Use Disorder is a very severe and large problem within colleges. An Alcohol Use Disorder is determined by individual and family variables, the college environmental and life variables, as well as behavior variables.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.589-598
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for pathological gambling of horse race participants. Methods: The participants, 508 horse race gamblers, completed the DSM-IV criteria of pathological gambling, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-K) and Symptom Checklist-47-Revision (SCL-47-R). Data were analyzed using t-test, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analyses. Behaviors related to horse racing, alcohol abuse, and mental health were analyzed between problem or pathological gamblers compared to recreational gamblers. Results: The prevalence rates of recreational, problem, and pathological gambling were 36.6%, 39.4%, and 24.0%, respectively. Frequency of gambling (${\geq}4/day$), frequency of racetrack visiting (${\geq}3/month$), accompaniment (alone), and mental health (SCL-47-R scores) were all associated with increased risks of problem and pathological gambling. Expenditure on betting (${\geq}200,000$ won/day) and alcohol abuse (AUDIT-K 8-20 scores) group members had higher levels of gambling pathology than recreational gamblers. Conclusion: Problem and pathological gambling are highly associated with alcohol abuse and mental health disorders, suggesting that clinicians should carefully evaluate this population.

• 감성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.603-611
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• 2007

남용 약물에 대한 갈망은 중독적인 행동을 지속하는 데 있어 중요하다. 갈망은 강화적이거나 보상적인 약물을 복용하고자 하는 강한 욕구와 관련된 다차원적인 현상으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 알코올 사용 장애자와 정상인이 알코올 관련 자극(소량의 술을 마시기, 알코올 관련 시각 자극)에 노출되었을 때 갈망에 대한 심리적인 반응의 차이를 밝히고자 하였다. 알코올 관련 시각 자극을 개발하기 위하여 Normative Appetitive Picture System(NAPS)과 1차 집단 심리 실험을 통하여 알코올 자극을 선정하고 자극의 적합성과 효과성을 검증하여 자극을 최종 개발하였다. 본 실험을 위해 알코올 사용 장애를 가진 9명의 남녀 대학생(남:8명)과 9명의 비의존 남녀 대학생(남:8명)을 선정하였다. 실험참여자는 5cc 정도의 알코올을 복용하고, 알코올 자극, 음료 자극, 통제 자극(흐릿하게 변형된 알코올 자극)과 고정점 자극(십자가 기호)에 무선적으로 노출되었으며, 각 종류의 자극이 제시되고 나면 마우스를 이용하여 심리적 갈망 수준을 보고하였다. 심리반응 결과, 강박음주갈망척도, 음주 전, 음주 후 알코올 갈망에서 두 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 알코올 사용 장애 집단은 알코올 자극을 포함한 모든 자극에서 정상인 집단보다 높은 알코올 갈망 수준을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 알코올 사용 장애자는 알코올 자극에 의해 유발된 심리적 갈망이 정상인과 다른 것으로 나타났다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.99-101
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• 2005

The effect of treatment with pine needle oil upon rat hepatocytes exposed to alcohol was investigated. The body weight gain, ratio of liver and kidney to body weight, and serum biochemistry of rats administered both alcohol and pine needle oil were compared to control rats treated with alcohol alone. Normal untreated control rats, negative control rats with ethanol treatment, positive control rats with both alcohol and the commercially available hangover cure solution (HCS) treatment and the test group with both alcohol and pine needle oil treatment exhibited aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels of $84.43{\pm}47.88\;U/L$, $254.57{\pm}463.20\;U/L$, $70.29{\pm}12.60\;U/L$ and $67.00{\pm}5.06\;U/L$, respectively, and cholesterol levels of $95.71{\pm}6.86\;mg/dl$, $113.80{\pm}38.19\;mg/dl$, $91.57{\pm}6.30\;mg/dl$ and $82.29{\pm}4.98\;mg/dl$, respectively. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were $44.00{\pm}9.04\;U/L$ in normal untreated control rats, increased to $215.43{\pm}428.93\;U/L$ with the administration of ethanol, but interestingly were significantly reduced to $37.83{\pm}6.57\;U/L$ in the test group (p<0.05). Triglyceride (TG) levels were $39.57{\pm}8.62\;mg/dl$ in normal untreated rats, increased to $73.71{\pm}61.20\;mg/dl$ in rats administered alcohol, but were reduced to $26.14{\pm}4.82\;mg/dl$ in the test group (p<0.0l). The pine needle oil treatment significantly reduced the levels of AST, ALT and TG compared to the control rats. These results indicate that pine needle oil can positively mediate the effects of alcohol on hepatocytes and general liver functions.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.303-307
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to investigate whether alcohol alters learning and memory processes pertaining to emotional and spatial factors using the active avoidance and T-maze task in zebrafish. In the active avoidance task, zebrafish were trained to escape from one compartment to another to avoid electric shocks (unconditioned stimulus) following a conditioned light signal. Acquisition of active avoidance task appeared to be normal in zebrafish that were treated with 1% alcohol for 30 min for 17 days until the end of the behavioral test, and retention ability of learned behavior, tested 2 days later, was the same as control group. In the T-maze task, the time to find a reservoir was compared. While the latency was similar during the 1 st training session between control and alcohol-treated zebrafish, it was significantly longer in alcohol-treated zebrafish during retention test 24 h later. Furthermore, when alcohol was treated 30 min after 2nd session without prior treatment, zebrafish demonstrated similar retention ability compared to control. These results suggest that chronic alcohol treatment alters spatial learning of zebrafish, but not emotional learning.