• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2004

Petroleum ether, benzene and alcohol extracts of the seeds of C. juncea were tested for antiimplantation and pregnancy interruption activities in female albino rats. Of these three extracts, the alcohol extract was found to be the most effective in causing antiimplantation and pregnancy interruption activities. These adverse effects on fertility are reversible upon withdrawal of the extract treatments. The alcohol extract was found to possess estrogenic activity. After subjecting to preliminary phytochemical screening, the alcohol extract showed positive tests for alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoides, fixed oils, phenols and tannins.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 1971

The effect based upon changes of body weight and effect of X-ray irradiation on tryptophan pyrrolase (TPO) activity in liver homogenate of albino rats was studied. 1. The average TPO activity of control group of 33 rats weighing $95{\sim}172g$\;was\;2.372{\pm}0.165{\mu}$ moles kynurenine/g protein/hr. 2. Correlation between body weight of 33 rats and its TPO activity was not showed practically(r=0.011). 3. TPO activity of whole-body X-ray irradiated rats (700r) was increased about double at 3hours and increased for a period of 4 days after irradiation, but after 6 days it was decreased gradually. This result is that whole-body X-ray irradiation showed dual effect on TPO activity in rat liver.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 1992

Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) is an important opportunistic pathogen of immune compromised hosts, and is known to infect various animals. The present study observed the infection status of 6 mammals and 3 strains of albino rats with Pc after suppression of their immunity. Methyl-prednisolone was injected once a week and tetracycline was supplied with water for 5 to 21 weeks. Hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, cats and pigs were negative by impression smear, and only the rats were found infected by Pc. All of the three strains of rats, Sprague-Dawley(SD), Wistar(W) and Fisher(F), were infected by Pc but W rats showed heavier degree of infection in earlier period than F or SD rats. The present findings suggest that W rat is the best among the animals used in the present study for production of Pc.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.23-36
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• 1973

This study was designed to compare the effect of dietary intakes on different quality protein & levels of caloric consumption supplemented by sugar at the level of 26% of total caloric intakes. 30 males and same number of females of Albino rats, aged 30-40 days were devided into following six groups, 5 rats each. ACO Group: Ad libitum, Casein, no sugar group ACS Group: Ad libitum, Casein, 26% sugar supplemented group RBO Group: 50% restriction,Bean, no sugar group RBS Group: 50% restriction, Bean, 26% sugar supplemented group RAO Group: 50% restriction, Anchovy, no sugar group RAS Group: 50% restriction, Anchovy, 26% sugar supplemented group The rats were kept in individual cage and given 6 different diet for 12 weeks. The result of this study were elucidated as follow. Body weight gained and organ weight showed no significant differences between sugar supplemented group and the others. It was noteworthy that the shrinkage of female sex organ supplemented by sugar in the diet showed lower degree than that of compared groups in this study. In other word, degree of shrinkage due to protein-caloric restriction was decreased by sugar supplementation. Nitrogen Metabolism and total nitrogen retention were not observed any significant differences between sugar supplemented group and the others. Dental caries showed higher incidence for sugar supplemented groups. Hematology and bone growth showed no differences in this study. The similar results on the metabolic effects concerned the above view Points were obtained in the different protein groups such as bean & anchovy as protein sources in the diet. Caloric restriction Produced a lower growth-rate, lower body weight and poorer long bone growth. But composition of bone ash, concentration of nitrogen, calcium and blood glucose, liver fats and liver water content maintenanced at the same levels of standard group.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1981

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional value of germinated barley with animal experiment. Fourthyeight weanling albino rats, which were divided into 8 groups, were fed during 4 weeks. The feed intake, energy intake, FER (feed efficiency ratio) and growth rate were slightly high in the casein supplemented groups and were significantly high in the rice and casein supplemented groups. But there was no a significant difference between the barley and germinated barley groups. A higher PER (protein efficiency ratio) was shown in the rice and casein supplemented groups. It was induced that mixed cereal protein increase the PER compared to simple cereal protein. Low apparent digestibility of the diet and of the protein were found in barley and germinated barley groups compared to standard and rice groups. But apparent digestibility of protein in germinated barley groups were markedly increased by the supplementation of 5% casein or supplementation of rice and casein. From this result it was concluded that germinated barley has a nutritional effect on increasing protein digestibility when added enough amount of animal protein.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.202-206
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• 1983

After examining the changes of LDH activity in the liver, brain and kidney of albino rats administrated with various amounts and periods, the following results were obtained: The LDH activity in liver, brain and kidney showed a gradual increase in proportion to the amount of PCB. The LDH activity has considerably increased with PCB administration, the maximum increasing rate shown within the first five days and the second five days respectively for 50 & 100 ppm group and for 10 ppm group. The LDH activity of brain in 50 and 100 ppm group showed its peak increase for the first five days with its subsequent decrease, while there was almost no change until the 1th day in 10 ppm group. The LDH activity in kidney showed the greatest increase between the 10th and 15th day.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1977

Soymilk prepared from soaked beans under processing conditions indicating in table 2, mixed with vegetable oil, carbohydrate, whey powder, and sodium-caseinate, and fortified with essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals and then made the imitation milk by spray drying. The Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER) and Over-All Nutritive value of spray dried imitation milk were tested with weanling Albino Rats and by chemical analysis methods. The FER of imitation milk M-2, and humanized milk, were respectively 0.24, 0.25 and that of cow's milk, imitation milk M-1 were 0.21, 0.20, compared with 0.24 for imitation milk M-2. The amino acid and fatty acid composition in imitation milk were analyzed by Gaschromatography and Amino Acid Autoanalyzer. The present paper describes the result of studies on the Feed Efficiency Ratio and Over-All Lutritive value concerning amino acid and fatty acid composition in imitation milk. We found that quality of essential amino acids and polyunsaturate fatty acid composition in imitation milk have an strong effect on Feed Efficiency Ratio.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on basal gastric acid secretion and plasma gastrin and secretin concentration in the conscious rat. One hundred and eighty-four albino rats with gastric cannula were used after 18 hours or more of fast, with water ad libitum. In a restraint cage for collection of gastric juice, physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) was continuously infused into the jugular vein through a catheter for one hour at a rate of 1 ml/hr (control period). Immediately after the control period, epinephrine (1, 2, 4, 8 and $16{\mu}g/ml/hr)$, norepinephrine (1, 2, 4, 8 and $16{\mu}g/ml/hr)$ or physiological saline (1 ml/hr) was infused for another one hour. Gastric juice was collected at one hour interval for two hours infusion period. Adrenergic antagonists, phentolamine and propranolol were injected into the jugular vein 5 min prior to the infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine at a dose of 0.2 mg/0.1 ml. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein for the radioimmunoassay of plasma gastrin and secretin after the collection of gastric juice. The results were as follows: 1) Both epinephrine and norephinephrine significantly increased gastric acid output in a dosedependent manner. 2) The effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the gastric acid secretion were antagonized by the pretreatment with phentolamine and propranolol. 3) Plasma gastrin and secretin concentrations were not significantly affected by the intravenous infusion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. It can be inferred from the above results that epinephrine and norepinephrine facilitate gastric acid secretion in conscious rats and the mechanism of which is attributed to ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ adrenergic receptors rather than gastrin and secretin.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.435-439
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• 2011

Sildenafil citrate (SIL) a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5I) has been used for long time as a first line oral drug for erectile dysfunction. Though it has beneficial effects on erectile organ it also has some adverse effects in other cells and/or tissues related to reproductive system when exposed to longer duration. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the long term effect of SIL on sperm parameters in Wistar albino rat. The animals are divided into two groups, for group I - rats were treated with saline (vehicle alone) and group - II oral administration of 5 mg/kg b.w. of SIL was administrated orally once in a day for 120 days. At the end of the trial period animals were sacrificed and epididymal sperm were subjected to various analysis. Results showed significant reduction in sperm count, motility, viability and morphologically intact sperm in long term PDE5I exposed animals when compared to control. Acrosomal status and fertility test also showed significant reduction in long term PDE5I exposed animals. The present study clearly indicated that long term SIL has shown to induce alteration in sperm quality and quantity, leading to decline in fertility rate. Indicate that SIL impinge on spermatogenesis as well as epididymal function. Understanding the molecular down-stream events involved in long-term exposure to PDE5 inhibitor can be valuable to supervise on related infertility issues and to suggest corrective measures.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.17-20
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• 1980

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the acidosis on the gastric acid secretion in the isolated whole stomach of the rat and the effect of prostaglandin $E_1$ on the gastric acid secretion influenced by the acidosis. Twenty-two male albino rats(Sprague-Dawley strain) were used. The isolated whole stomach from each rat was introduced into the Kreb's solution which was continuously gassed with $95%O_2-5%CO_2$ for 1 hour, after irrigation of the lumen with cold physiological saline$(4^{\circ}C)$. Thereafter, each stomach was irrigated again with 5% dextrose solution (pH 7.4, $37^{\circ}C$), and filled with the dextrose solution. All the stomachs with the dextrose solution were divided into 4 groups according to the Kreb's solutions in which each stomach was incubated for 30 min: 1) control group, in the pH 7.4 solution, 2) $PGE_1$ group, in the pH 7.4 solution containing $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of $PGE_1$, 3) acid group, in the pH 7.0 solution, and 4) $acid+PGE_1$ group, in the pH 7.0 solution containing $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of $PGE_1$. After incubatory period, the contents of each stomach were collected and centrifuged(1,500 rpm, room temperature) for 15 min. The acid output in the supernatant was determined with 0.012 N NaOH by means of autotitrator(Dosimat, Metrohm Herisau Co.) at pH 7.4. Results obtained were as follows: 1) The acid output of the acid group increased significantly in comparison with the control value. 2) The acid output of the $acid+PGE_1$ group decreased significantly in comparison with the acid group. It is inferred from the above results that the acidosis facilitates the gastric acid secretion and $PGE_1$ inhibits the gastric acid secretion induced by the acidosis.