• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.101-110
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• 1969

The isozyme alteration of lactic dehydrogenase in the tissues of albino rat inhaled SO$_{2}$ were studied in vivo and in vitro, with the following results: (1) The H-type of LDH activity relatively dominated in the normal brain, heart and kidney tissues of rat, M-type in the normal lung, liver, and muscle tissues of the animal. (2) When rats inhale SO$_{2}$ in the concentration of 250 ppm, it appears that the M-type tends to predominate in the anaerobic tissues such as liver, kidney and muscle tissues and the H-type in the aerobic tissues such as brain and heart tissues. (3) When 5% SO$_{2}$ is introduced into tissue homogenates, LDH activities in the heart, lung, liver and muscle tissues are increased more than that of introducing room-air only. With sam treatment, LDH activity is decreased in the kidney tissue and no alteration is observed in the brain tissue. (4) Although, after the aeration of SO$_{2}$, the oxygen tension seems to bring decreases in the level of LDH activity in the anerobic tissues such as liver and muscle tissues, while, on the other hand, increases in the level of the activity in the aerobic tissues, such as the brain, heart and lung tissues. (5) Accordinglly, SO$_{2}$ affects LDH activities, its isozyme pattern of each organs, and their metabolic pathway by its absorption of the gas.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 1973

The changes in the quantitative distribution and in cytoplasmic granules of tongue mast cells and duodenal enterochromaffin cells in male albino rats were observed following oral administration of 40mg/kg body wt. isonicotinic acid hydraside (INH) and 20mg/kg body wt. pyridoxine. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. INH administered-rat showed a marked decrease in the number of mast cells, caused by leakage of cytoplasmic granules, while pyridoxine-rat showed increased the number of mast cells. 2. Similarly, INH-rat showed a marked decrease in the number of enterochromaffin cells. In the case of pyridoxine-rat, however, the number of enterochromaffin cells increased compared with that of the controls. 3. In view of the fact that a large dose of INH was harmful to the formation of mast cells and enterochromaffin cells. And considering that a moderate dose of pyridoxine stimulated the formation of the two kinds of cells and the amounts of cytoplasmic granules, it was concluded that pyridoxine might be concerned with the metabolism of secretory products, 5-Hydroxytryptamine.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was that serum metabolic and hematological variables were measured to investigate the detoxication effect of Taraxacum mongolicum extract on male albino rat exposed with lead and mercury. METHODS AND RESULTS: For this study, Pb and Hg-exposed( 50 ppm) albino rats was used, and the treatments were carried out in three doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg as dry weight of T. mongolicum extract. T. mongolicum extract could improved the body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio, except to food intake. The levels of biochemical factors elevated by Pb-Hg mix exposure, which are Bilirubin, Alkaline phosphatase(ALP), glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), ceatinine and blood urea nitrogen(BUN), were significantly reduced in all treated groups as compared to Pb-Hg mix exposure alone. T. mongolicum extract was shown to suppress the accumulation of Hg and Pb in serum by dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Therefore, this study suggest that T. mongolicum extract might have the potential effect to minimize the toxic effects of Pb and Hg.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.485-493
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• 2008

The present study was carried out to elucidate the potential of, chloroform extract of Pandanus (P.) fascicularis Lamk (Family-Pandanaceae) leaves on antinociceptive, behavioral study and anti-inflammatory effects using various animal models The dried, powdered leaves of, P. fascicularis were extracted successively with petroleum ether ($60\;-\;80^{\circ}C$) and chloroform in soxhlet apparatus. The chloroform extract (yield 21.6% w/w with respected to dry powdered plant material) was selected for all experimental procedure. Two models were employed to investigate the effects on nociception, the tail immersion and hot plate method in Swiss albino mice and anti inflammatory effect were investigated by employing the carrageenan induced rat paw edema test in. adult Wister albino rats. Behavioral study was investigated by elevated plus maze method in Swiss albino mice. Results were revealed that the PFCE was found significant antinociceptive effect (P < 0.001) at the dose levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, orally in mice and produced remarkable antiinflammatory effect (P < 0.001) at the same dose levels used in the rats. Behavioral study of the PFCE has no significant anxiolysis effect when used orally. It concludes that, PFCE possessed remarkable antinociceptive effect and anti-inflammatory effect but no anxiolytic effect on animal models.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.171-186
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of indomethacin on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) induced palatal carcinoma of albino rats. Sixty albino rats about 100 gms of body weight, 6 weeks old-were used classifying as 1) six albino rats of normal group received no treatment, 2) six albino rats of control group treated with propane 1, 2-diol 3 times a week, 3) twenty four albino rats of experimental group I treated with 0.5% 4NQO in propane 1, 2-diol 3 times a week, 4) twenty four albino rats of experimental group II treated with 0.5% of 4NQO in propane 1, 2-diol 3 times a week and administrated 20${\mu}g/ml$ indomethacin in drinking water ad lib. The animals of normal and control groups were sacrificed 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th, 23rd and 27th week, while those of experimental group I and II were sacrificed 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th and 29th week after the experiment. The palatal mucosa was excised and examined grossly, light-microscopically and electron-microscopically. Following results were obtained. 1. In control group, there was no specific difference from normal tissue histopathologically. 2. In group I, hyperkeratosis mild acantosis and dyskeratosis in in 7th week, dysplasia in 11th week and severe acantosis in 19th week were observed, but squamous cell carcinoma not observed until 29th week on light-microscope. 3. In group II, hyperkeratosis, mild acantosis in 9th week, dyskeratosis and dysplasia in 21st week, severe acantosis in 27th week and squamous cell carcinoma in 29th week were observed on light-microscope. 4. In group I, widening of intercellular space in 7th week, increasing of desmosome, giant desmosome and tonofilament in cytoplasm in 9th week, severe widening of intercellular space, increasing of mitochondria and vascular degeneration in 11th week, irregular pattern of cell feature and nucleus and prominent nucleoli in 19th week, and continuity of basal lamina in 29th week were observed on electron-microscope. 5. In group II, mild widening of intercellular space in 9th week, increasing of mitochondria, vascular degeneration and tonofilament in cytoplasm in 13th week, increasing of desmosome and giant desmosome in 15th week, irregular pattern of cell surface and nucleus and prominent nucleoli, and in 21st week continuity of basal lamina were observed on electron-microscope which phenomenon occurred little later than group I. After 21st week, however, severe widening of intercellular space, vascular degeneration and continuity of basal lamina were observed as in group I.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.263-269
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• 1998

It is an established fact that most of the carcinogens implicate bay-region diol epoxides as the ultimate carcinogenic metabolites. These electrophiles react with nucleophilic sites in the cells to form abducts. It is the formation of carcinogenic-DNA adducts that is thought to initiate carcinogenesis. In our previous study we have reported chemopreventive property of Ginseng on 7,12-dimethylbenz (a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin papillomagenesis in male Swiss albino mice. In this study we have examined the effect on formation of DMBA-DNA adducts in rat hepatocytes pretreated with ginseng. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were used. The cells wets treated with ginseng for 24 hrs and then with DMBA (iOn) for 18 hrs. Cells were then harvested, their DNA was isolated and analyzed by P)2 labelling. A significant reduction in the levels of DMBA-DNA adduces (adducts/108 nucleotides) was observed in all cultures pretreated with ginseng. The viability of cells was not affected by pre-treatment with ginseng. Our finding suggests that ginseng block or suppresses the events associated with chemical carcinogenesis by inhibiting metabolic activation of the carcinogens.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1983

This study was divised to observe the effects of ginseng on the body components of Sprague-Dowley Albino male rats by alternating the diet. Just weaned rats (130 heads, weighing(83 ${\pm}$ 4g) were fed with each stock diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 or 3.0% ginseng powder for 4 weeks or 8 weeks, and after that fed with stock diet only for 8 or 4 weeks. Compared with the each corresponding group which was fed with ginseng control diet, the protein, total lipid, total cholesterol and free cholesterol contains in serum, liver and aorta of them were determined. The results obtained was summarized as follows ; Protein and total lipid contents of the rat were decreased, caused by the alternating diets, but total cholesterol and free cholesterol contents were increased in the serum, protein and free cholesterol contents increased, conversely total lipid contents decreased in the liver, and in aorta total lipid and total cholesterol contents decreased, In the view of the above results, it can be seen that the alternating diet (stock diet after feeding with ginseng diet) has an influence on the body components of rat.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.100-105
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• 2006

Liver and kidney are specific organs which play an active role in biotransformation and detoxification mechanisms. Ant adverse effect of chemicals or heavy metal can cause the delay or fade in these mechanisms. Present study was designed to find out the protective effect of Panax ginseng extract on renal functions altered by mercuric chloride (heavy metal) in albino rat. Fifty albino rats were divided into 10 groups. Five groups for acute study and five groups for sud-acute study viz. control group (Tween 20 and distilled water), mercuric chloride treated group (0.926 mg/kg body wt. for acute and 0.044 mg/kg body wt. for sub-acute group after calculated $LD_{50}$ (9.26 mg/kg body wt.) by probit analysis (Finney, 1971), Panax ginseng extract treated group (10 mg/kg body wt. for acute and sub-acute sets), mercuric chloride treated followed by Panax ginseng extract and Panax ginseng extract followed by mercuric chloride group. All doses were given orally by gavage tube. The result revealed that the serum urea and creatinine significantly increased in mercuric chloride treated group, while significantly decreased (p<0.01) in Panax ginseng extract group after acute and sub-acute treatment. The biochemical estimation is also confirmed by nephropathological aspect. However, the Panax ginseng extract treated followed by mercuric chloride group is more prominent than the mercuric chloride treated followed by Panax ginseng extract group. It can be concluded that Panax ginseng extract had a protective nature on renal functions against mercuric chloride toxicity in albino rats.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.20 no.7 s.158
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• pp.625-630
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• 1982

The author observed the behavior of inflammatory cells in the primary intension of incisional wound on the Albino rat palate. The superficial wounds (0.5mm depth) were made anteroposterior lineally by surgical knife. They were sacrified on 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hr after wounding. The specimens were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer and 1% osmic acid in 0.1M cacodylate buffer, and embeddd in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections were obtained by LKB 8800, and stained with uranyl acetate/lead citrate, and observed with Corynth 500 EM.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.14-21
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• 2001

The effects of sodium molybdate(Mo) on phospholipid metabolism in sciatic nerve isolated from lead-intoxicated rat were investigated. Four weeks aged albino rats were divided into four groups : normal control group, lead(10 ppm)-treated group, Mo(1 mg/kg)-treated group, lead and Mo-treated group. As a result of the study, Mo significantly increased the rate of incorporation of $2-[^3H]$myo-inositol into polyphosphinositides in lead-intoxicated rat. Mo also increased the rate of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in normal and lead-intoxicated rats. However, Mo did not affect the metabolism of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanola-mine in normal and lead-intoxicated status. These results suggest that Mo might improve lead-intoxicated status by principally enhancing the metabolism of myo-inositol-related phospholipids and by partly phosphatidylcholine in sciatic nerve.