• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.62-74
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• 1992

The effect of additional amounts of subsidiary materials on texture of fish meat paste were examined using Instron Universal Testing Machine to obtain fundamental data for steamed Alaska pollack meat paste showing good quality. The hardness revealed the good correlation with jelly strength among the six kinds of parameters of Instron texturometer. Products with higher hardness showed a better quality, but those with hardness higher than 16kg showed decreasing quality with increasing hardness. Predicting the quality of steamed Alaska pollack meat paste with various additional amounts of subsidiary materials as a function of hardness, H, the equation could be deduced as follows: H=11.56+0.54Xcs, H=12.22-0.23Xsp and H=11.65-7.13Xpp. The reasonable equations for predicting the quality of steamed Alaska pollack meat paste with various additional amounts of mixed subsidiary materials could be summarized as follows: H=11.57+0.53Xcs+0.44Xsp, H=11.97-1.83Xpp-0.17Xcs, and H=11.58+0.08Xpp-0.23Xsp.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.753-758
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• 1997

우리나라의 대표적인 건제품중의 하나인 건조명태의 안전성 평가를 위한 기초자료를 얻고져, 명태 건조중 건조방법이 발암성 N-nitrosamine 및 그 전구물질의 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 명태의 생시료중 질산염 및 아질산염 질소는 각각 1.5,<1.0mg/kg이었으나 건제품에서는 각각 $3.0\~4.2,\;1.4\~2.7mg/kg$의 범위였으며, 대체로 열풍건제품에서 그 함량이 높았다. 명태 건조중 아민류의 함량변화를 보면 betaine은 건조중 별다른 양적 변화를 보이지 않았고, TMAO는 건조중 감소하는 반면에 TMA및 DMA는 계속 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 검출된 NA는 N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)뿐이었고, $10{\mu}/kg$의 N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA)을 시료에 첨가하여 회수율을 시험한 결과 $87.2\~107.4\%$였다. 명태의 생시료중 NDMA는 평균 $2.8{\mu}/kg$이었으나 건제품에서는 $8.7\~51.4{\mu}/kg$으로서 건조 방법에 따라 상당한 함량차를 보여 천일건제품은 생시료에 비해 평균 9.0배, 열풍건제품은 평균 15.5배 그리고 동결건제품은 평균 4.4배였다. 일반적으로 NDMA의 생성을 최소화시키기 위해서는 동결건조법이 효과적이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1422-1429
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• 2009

Collagen casing에 충진한 명란훈연제품의 품질특성은 다음과 같다. 대조구 및 set 제품에서 carrageenan의 첨가량이 많을수록, 전분의 양이 적을수록 texture(hardness and gumminess) 및 관능적(taste 및 acceptability) 특성이 높게 측정되었고, 명란훈연제품 제조 시 setting은 gumminess 강도를 크게 증가하였다. Set 제품에 있어서 조미성분의 최적 배합비율은 roe, starch 및 carrageenan을 각각 88.50, 5.00 및 2.00으로 배합한 제품이 경제적 측면에서 양호한 것으로 생각되며, 진공 및 질소포장에 따른 저장기간 중의 품질변화는 다음과 같다. 모든 시료에서 pH는 저장 4개월째까지 증가 하였다가 감소였으며, 일반포장 제품이 진공 및 질소포장에 비하여 pH 변화가 높았다. 휘발성 염기성질소량 및 TBA 값은 일반포장을 한 제품에서는 저장기간이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 진공 및 질소포장 제품은 저장 2개월째까지는 변화가 없다가 저장 4개월째부터 저장기간이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 총균수는 일반포장 제품이 진공 및 질소포장에 비하여 저장기간 동안에 높은 수치를 나타내었으며, 대장균군은 모든 시료에서 저장기간 동안에 음성으로 측정되었다. Collagen casing에 충진한 명란훈연제품의 품질은 cellulose casing에 충진한 제품과 저장 중 뚜렷한 품질차이가 없었으며, Wienner sausage와 같이 소규모 훈연제품의 생산에 적합하다고 판단된다. 그러므로 명란훈연제품은 새로운 형태의 수산가공식품으로 건강지향적인 소비자들의 기호에 적합하므로 산업화 가능성이 높은 제품이라고 판단된다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-33
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• 1980

The materials were obtained in the eastern Gulf of Alaska and the south- eastern Bering Sea during the cruise of the research vessel, Ohdae San, from July to October 1978. A total of 76 samples were taken by NORPAC net from a depth of 200 meters or less in coastal areas. 1. The surface water temperature in the coastal waters, varing from 9 to 10$^{\circ}C$, was lower than that in offshore waters which varied from 10 to 12.9$^{\circ}C$ in the eastern Gulf of Alaska. Thermocline was formed in the 30∼50 meter layer. Salinity of the coastal waters of Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak was 30 which was slightly lower than that of offshore. 2. The water temperature of the surface layer down to 30 meters varied from 7 to 10$^{\circ}C$ and from 1 to 9$^{\circ}C$ in the layer below 30 meters in the south-eastern Bering Sea. Meandering thermal front spread from the Alaska Peninsula to St. Matthew Island by way of St. Paul, and a thermocline was found at the 30∼50 meter layer Salinity ranged from 31.0 to 33.0 and that of northern and coastal waters was little lower than that of offshore. 3. Zooplankton biomass fluctuated from 0.1 to 23.6cc/10㎥ in the eastern Gulf of Alaska and 2.0 to 26.1cc/10㎥ in the south-eastern Bering Sea. Plankton was rich in the following areas, the inshore Kodiak waters, the northern Bering Sea, the Coastal waters and waters adjacent to Alutian islands however, poor in the central Bering Sea. In general, the south-eastern Bering Sea has a higher concentration of plankton volume than the eastern Gulf of Alaska. 4. Twenty three species representing 17 genera of copepods were identified from the samples. These were mostly composed of the cold water species, such as Pseudocalanus minutus, Acartia longiremis, Metridia lucens and Eucalanus bungii var. bungii. 5. The cold oceanic species were composed of Calanus cristatus, C.plumchrus, Metridia lucens, Eucalanus bungii var. bungii and Scolecithricella minor. The cold neritic species were Centropages abdominalis, Pseudocalanus minutus, Acartia longiremis, Eurytemora herdmanii, Pontella pulvinata, P. longipedata and Tortanus discaudatus. On the other hand, the warm oceanic species were Calanus tenuicornis and Oithona plumifera. The cosmopolitan species were Calanus finmarchicus and Oithona similis. 6. It was suggested that the cold oceanic species, Eucalanus bungii var. bungii and Metridia lucens in the south-eastern Bering Sea can be recommended as a valuable indicator species for finding the fishing grounds of demersal fish such as pollock and yellowfin sole in this area.

• 에너지공학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.553-559
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• 1999

1 T/D 급 습식 분류상 석탄가스화 장치를 이용하여 외국의 각종탄에 대한 가스화 실험을 통해, 1) 석탄가스화를 위한 적절한 탄종을 선정하고 , 2) 탄종에 따른 가스화 반응식 데이터베이스를 구축하며, 3) 가스화 반응기에서 예상되는 문제점을 사전에 제거하고, 4) 습식분류상 가스화기술에 대한 요소기술 및 운소기술 및 운전기술을 확보하므로서 향후 IGCC Plant 설계, 건설시에 시행착오를 줄이는데 크게 기여하고저 하였다. 가스화 실험을 위해 미국산 Cyprus 및 Alaska 탄이 사용되었으며 , 실험결과 Cyprus 및 Alaska 탄은 국내발전용 탄인역청탄 및 갈탄으로 비교적 반응성은 양호하였으며, slag 의 용융온도 또한 약 129$0^{\circ}C$로서 비교적 낮게 나타났다. 석탄슬러리 농도는 Cyprus 탄의 경우 58, 62 , 65 %로 유지하였으며 가스화장치에 공급하는데는 점도 상승에 따른 큰 문제점이 없었으나, Alaska 탄의 경우엔 수분함량이 많아 슬러리 제조 및 feeding 상의 문제점을 고려하여 58%로 운전하였으며 , 60%이상 슬러리 농도를 유지할수 없었다. O2 coal ratio는 0.6에서 1.2까지 유지하면서 운전하였으며 갈탄인 Alaska탄의 경우 수분함량이 많아 산소소모가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 두 탄종에 대한 가스화실험을 통해, 생성된 합성가스(H2+ CO)는 40-62% 로나타났으며 , 생성가스의 열량은 1, 400-2,050kcal/N㎥(HHV)로 분석되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1461-1468
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• 2018

알래스카 산 대구(Gadus chalcogrammus)는 북태평양에 분포하는 대구과 한류 어종이다. 알래스카 산 대구의 명란 원료, 프리미엄 고추장 명란, 프리미엄 발효 명란을 증류수와 에탄올로 추출하여 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS+), 철 환원 항산화능(Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential, FRAP), 총 페놀함량을 평가하였다. 명란 원료의 증류수와 에탄올 추출물의 ABTS+ 소거능은 1.0 mg/ml 농도에서 각각 50.1%, 53.1%였다. 고추장 명란의 증류수와 에탄올 추출물의 ABTS+ 소거능은 1.0 mg/ml 농도에서 각각 71.3%, 71.6%였다. 발효 명란의 증류수와 에탄올 추출물의 ABTS+ 소거능은 1.0 mg/ml 농도에서 각각 68.7%, 70.4%였다. 명란원료의 증류수와 에탄올 추출물의 ABTS+에 대한 최소 저해 농도 값($EC_{50}$)은 각각 12.49 ug/ml과 12.21 ug/ml이었다. 고추장 명란의 증류수와 에탄올 추출물의 FRAP에 대한 최소 저해 농도 값($EC_{50}$)은 각각 10.67 ug/ml과 10.56 ug/ml이었다. 발효 명란의 증류수와 에탄올 추출물의 총 페놀 함량에 대한 최소 저해 농도 값($EC_{50}$)은 각각 10.45 ug/ml과 10.31 ug/ml이었다. Gallic acid를 대조구로 할 때 총 페놀 함량에 대한 상대적 활성은 명란 원료가 52.0%, 고추장 명란이 61.1%, 발효 명란이 63.6%였다. 명란 원료보다 고추장 명란과 발효 명란에서 ABTS+, FRAP 소거능 및 총 페놀 함량이 우수하였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2012

The establishment of algal spores plays an essential role in adult kelp distribution and abundance patterns. Sedimentation is a key variable regulating algal spore settlement and success, possibly controlling species-specific dominance $in$ $situ$. Laboratory experiments were used to determine spore attachment and survival rates of two Alaskan canopy-forming kelps, $Nereocystis$ $luetkeana$ (K. Mertens) Postels & Ruprecht and $Eualaria$ $fistulosa$ (Postels & Ruprecht) M. J. Wynne, to various types of sediment loading. Spore attachment for both species was significantly and similarly affected by three sediment treatments: suspended particles; settled sediment covering the substratum; and smothering of attached spores by settling sediment. Spore attachment decreased by approximately 90% at 420 mg sediment $L^{-1}$, the highest sediment load tested here, under all three treatments for both species. These results suggest that increases in sedimentation may constrain the success of the spore stages, but sediment does not seem to be a likely factor explaining species-specific distribution patterns. However, while sedimentation affected spores of both species similarly, timing of spore release in relation to times of maximum sediment load in the water might differ for different species, possibly explaining kelp species distribution patterns.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2005

Protease inhibitors were purified from the eggs of Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) using the following purification steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange, gel permeation, and high performance liquid chromatographies (HPLC). The protease inhibitor from the heated eggs of Alaska pollock was not as well purified. In addition, the heated eggs showed lower specific inhibitory activity than the unheated eggs. The purification yields after ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange, and gel permeation chromatographies were 22.7$\%,\;15.3\%$,and $4.4\%$, respectively. There were two kinds of protease inhibitors on the gel permeation chromatography pattern Their molecular weights were estimated to be 66,700 and 16,000 Da, respectively. Both were classified as a cysteine protease inhibitor because of the existence of inhibiting papain, which is one of cysteine proteases.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-87
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• 1985

In 1977, the United States enacted the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MFCMA), which established U.S. Fisheries Conservation Zone (FCZ). The MFCMA grants preference to U.S. harvesters over foreign fleets in the U.S. FCZ. At present, the large stocks of groundfish in the U.S. FCZ off the Alaska coast have been under-utilized in the U.S. domestic market and the fisheries for these groundfish are dominated by foreign fleets. Hence, expected benefits from replacing foreign fisheries by domestic fleets will accrue to the U.S. fishery only by exporting the increased U.S. products to foreign countries. U.S. exports may be dependent on the price levels in the foreign markets raised by the reduced foreign catch from U,S. waters. In this paper, Japanese demand models for Alaska groundfish were estimated. The derived coefficient from the estimated models suggest that a decrease in the Japanese landings from the U.S. FCZ by a thousand metric tons will increase pollock price by 0.017 Yen/kg, cod price by 0.351 Yen/kg, flatfish by 1.074 Yen/kg, and ocean perch by 1.347 Yen/kg in the Japanese market. These results based on percentage would increase 19 percent for pollock price, 11 percent for cod price, 40 percent for flatfish, and 2 percent for ocean perch price.

• ALGAE
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2015

We sequenced the rbcL gene in more than 100 collections of foliose Bangiales made in the Aleutian Islands and western Alaska Peninsula during the past 25 years. This work allows us to recognize four previously undescribed species, two in the genus Boreophyllum and two in Pyropia. Boreophyllum aleuticum appears to be endemic to the Aleutian Islands, whereas B. ambiguum is known to occur from the Yakutat area to the tip of the Alaska Peninsula. The two previously undescribed species of Pyropia are more broadly distributed. Pyropia taeniata, which was previously identified under the name Py. pseudolinearis, occurs from northern Southeast Alaska through the Aleutian Islands. Pyropia unabbottiae, which is sister to Py. abbottiae, occurs from southern Vancouver Island to Attu Island. Collections throughout the Aleutian Islands allow us to document the distribution of another dozen species of foliose Bangiales in this region, including Boreophyllum aestivale, Fuscifolium tasa, Pyropia fallax, Py. fucicola, Py. gardneri, Py. kurogii, Py. nereocystis, Py. pseudolanceolata, Py. torta, Wildemania amplissima, W. norrisii, and W. variegata. We were unable to confirm the occurrence of the following species previously recorded from the Aleutian Islands: Porphya ochotensis, Pyropia abbottiae, Py. perforata, Py. pseudolinearis, P. purpurea, P. umbilicalis, Py. yezoensis and Wildemania schizophylla. At least two undescribed filamentous Bangiales also occur in the Aleutian Islands.