• Title/Summary/Keyword: alanine

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Site-directed Mutagenesis of Cysteine Residues in Phi-class Glutathione S-transferase F3 from Oryza sativa

  • Jo, Hyun-Joo;Lee, Ju-Won;Noh, Jin-Seok;Kong, Kwang-Hoon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.33 no.12
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    • pp.4169-4172
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    • 2012
  • To elucidate the roles of cysteine residues in rice Phi-class GST F3, in this study, all three cysteine residues were replaced with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis in order to obtain mutants C22A, C73A and C77A. Three mutant enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by affinity chromatography on immobilized GSH. The substitutions of Cys73 and Cys77 residues in OsGSTF3 with alanine did not affect the glutathione conjugation activities, showing non-essentiality of these residues. On the other hand, the substitution of Cys22 residue with alanine resulted in approximately a 60% loss of specific activity toward ethacrynic acid. Moreover, the ${K_m}^{CDNB}$ value of the mutant C22A was approximately 2.2 fold larger than that of the wild type. From these results, the evolutionally conserved cysteine 22 residue seems to participate rather in the structural stability of the active site in OsGSTF3 by stabilizing the electrophilic substrates-binding site's conformation than in the substrate binding directly.

Studies on the Composition of Amino Acid in Retina and Lens Body of the Frogs (개구리 망막체와 수정체의 Amino 산 성분에 관한 연구)

  • 강성호
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.10-14
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    • 1959
  • The retinae and the lens bodies of the frogs were hydrolyzed with 20% hydrochloric acid, and their amino acids were separated by paper chromatography. As a result of it the following were confirmed : (1) The retinae and the lens bodies were the same incomposition, and aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine ,tyrosine, glycine, lysine arginine, threonine, alanine, histidine, proline, methionine, valine , phenylalanine, leucine, and two unknown substances were separated. (2) The free amino acids in the retinae were extracted with 80% ethyl alcohol and then separated by paper chromatography. Though their separation was not so definite , serine, gultaminc acid, and glycine were always separated regardless of the amount of the sample. When the amount of the smaple was enough , $\beta$-alanine , ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid and methionine +valine were also separated. (2) The free amino acids in the retinae were extracted with 80% ethyl alcohol and then separated by paper chromatography. Though their separation was not so definite, serine, glutamic acid, and glycine were always separated regardless of the amount of the sample . When the amount of the sample was enough, $\beta$-alanine , ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid and methionine + valine were also separated.

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Screening and Identification of Actinomycetes Producing Novel Elastase Inhibitor (Elastase Inhibitor 생성 방선균의 탐색 및 동정)

  • Lee, Byung Kyu;Kang, Hee Il;Lee, Kye Joon
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.225-231
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    • 1997
  • Elastase inhibitor (EI) producing microorganisms were screened by microplate-assay of culture broth using Succinyl-$(Alanine)_3$-Nitroanilide as a chromogenic substrate. The portion of microorganisms showed EI activity above 90% was about 2% of all assayed. Isolated SMF-11 showed relatively high EI activity after filtration using membrane filter of NMWL 3,000. SMF-11 was identified as Streptomyces sp. according to results of morphological or physicochemical identification. SMF-11 has both rectiflexible and spiral spore chains with smooth spore surface and cell wall contained LL-DAP, iso- and anteiso-fatty acids. The amino acids in cell wall were alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. Fifty unit characters for major cluster were tested and the data were analyzed numerically using the TAXON program. The isolate SMF-11 was identified as a strain of Streptomyces lavendulae.

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Primary metabolic responses in the leaves and roots of bell pepper plants subjected to microelements-deficient conditions

  • Sung, Jwakyung;Lee, Yejin;Lee, Seulbi
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.179-189
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    • 2021
  • Plants need essential mineral elements to favorably develop and to complete their life cycle. Despite the irreplaceable roles of microelements, they are often ignored due to the relative importance of macroelements with their influence on crop growth and development. We focused on the changes in primary metabolites in the leaves and roots of bell pepper plants under 6 microelements-deficient conditions: Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Boron (B) and Molybdenum (Mo). Bell pepper plants were grown in hydroponic containers, and individual elements were adjusted to 1/10-strength of Hoagland nutrient solution. A remarkable perturbation in the abundance of the primary metabolites was observed for the Fe and B and the Mn and B deficiencies in the leaves and roots, respectively. The metabolites with up-accumulation in the Fe-deficient leaves were glucose, fructose, xylose, glutamine, asparagine and serine. In contrast, the Mn deficiency also resulted in a higher accumulation of glucose, fructose, xylose, galactose, serine, glycine, β-alanine, alanine and valine in the roots. The B deficiency noticeably accumulated alanine, valine and phenylalanine in the roots while it showed a substantial decrease in glucose, fructose and xylose. These results show that the primary metabolism could be seriously disturbed due to a microelement deficiency, and the alteration may be either the specific or adaptive responses of bell pepper plants.

Experimental Study and Correlation of the Solid-liquid Equilibrium of Some Amino Acids in Binary Organic Solvents

  • Mustafa Jaipallah Abualreish;Adel Noubigh
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.62 no.2
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    • pp.173-180
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    • 2024
  • Under ordinary atmospheric circumstances, the gravimetric technique was used to measure the solubility of L-cysteine (L-Cys) and L-alanine (L-Ala) in various solvents, including methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and mixtures of the two, in the range o 283.15 K to 323.15 K. Both individual solvents and their combinations showed a rise in the solubility of L-Cys and L-Ala with increasing temperature, according to the analyzed data but when analyzed at a constant temperature in the selected mixed solvents, the solubility declined with decreasing of initial mole fractions of methyl alcohol. To further assess, the relative utility of the four solubility models, we fitted the solubility data using the Jouyban-Acree (J-A), van't Hoff-Jouyban-Acree (V-J-A), Apelblat-Jouyban-Acree (A-J-A), and Ma models followed by evaluation of the values of the RAD information criteria and the RMSD were. The dissolution was also found to be an entropy-driven spontaneous mixing process in the solvents since the thermodynamic parameters of the solvents were determined using the van't Hoff model. In order to support the industrial crystallization of L-cysteine and L-alanine and contribute to future theoretical research, we have determined the experimental solubility, correlation equations, and thermodynamic parameters of the selected amino acids during the dissolution process.

Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Mycelial Growth and Sclerotial Formation of Rhizoctonia solani Causing Rice Sheath Blight (벼 잎집무늬마름병균의 균사생장 및 균핵형성에 미치는 질소원의 효과)

  • Park Kyung Seok;Chung Bong Koo
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.44-50
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    • 1985
  • Effect of nitrogen sources on mycelial growth and sclerotial formation of Rhizoctonia solani causing rice sheath blight was studied by using sixty isolates from diseased samples of different localities in Chungbuk area. Based on the cultural characters, pathogenicity and sclerotial formation, three isolates of the fungus were selected. The virulence of the three isolates varied based on the percent of seeds germination, seedling blights and length and lesion number of lesions. As nitrogen sources, arginine, alanine, urea, ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate were more effective for mycelial growth and sclerotial formation, than were cystine, methionine, lysine, histidine, tryptophan and thyrosine. The mycelium of R. so/ani grew well in a lower concentration of urea, sodium nitrate, arginine, ammonium sulfate and lysine, but in a higher concentration of proline, histidine, and alanine. In all nitrogen sources tested, high concentration of nitrogen nutrients greatly stimulated sclerotial formation of the fungus. Arginine, urea, and ammonium sulfate increased virulence of the fungus. All the isolates grown on the basic medium plus proline produced large sclerotia. Mycelial growth of the fungus was not well in the tryptophan-added medium, showing brown discoloration of medium.

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A Study on Physico-chemical Property and Composition of Velvet Antler and Byproducts in Elk. (Elk종의 녹용과 부산물의 이화학적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 이길왕
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.496-500
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    • 2004
  • This study has been performed for physico-chemical property and composition of sinew, testes, tail, blood and velvet antler in Elk. Amino acid contents in the sinew taurine, alanine, histidine, and lysine were high contained, histidine, glutamic acid, taurine, and lysine were high contained in testes, glutamic acid, lysine, alanine, glycine, and phenylalanine were high contained in tail, histidine, glycine, and lysine were high contained in blood, glutamic acid, lysine, taurine, alanine, and glycine were high contained in velvet antler. And, based on the amount of mineral, $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $P^{+}$ were 444.8, 166.6 and 242.9mg per 100g in sinew, respectively. $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $P^{+}$ were 294.4, 330.5, and 514.3 mg per 100g in testes, respectively, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $P^{+}$ were 1420.6, 118.4, and 1105.2mg per 100 mg in tail, respectively. Fe3+,-K+, and P+ were 344.1, 1023.6 and 157.2 mg per 100 mg in blood, respectively and $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $P^{+}$ were 888.4, l1533.1 and 14722.0 in velvet antler, respectively. Finaly, difference were found in comparison of composition of free mwtal ion (N $a^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^2$) bwteen blood, tail, tests, sinew and velvet antler, and composition of free metal in blood higher than those othersd higher than those others.

The Components of the Sap from Birches, Bamboos and Darae (자작나무류, 대나무류 및 다래나무 수액의 성분조성)

  • 성낙주;정미자;이수정;신정혜;조종수
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.727-733
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    • 1995
  • This stduy was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating chemical components in the sap from birches(Betula platyphylla Sukatschev, Betula costata Trautv, Betula davurica Pallas), bamboos(Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys bambusoides, Phyllostachys nigra), Darae(Actinidia arguta). Calcium and potassium in five kinds of mineral detected in the sap were dominant mineral, magnesium, sodium and iron in order and calcium, potassium and magnesium are abundant in the sap from bamboo more than the other sample and the contents were 242.0~422.1mg/L, 793.8~ 2504.1mg/L and 72.6~165.9mg/L, respectively. Free sugars of the sap determined were glucose, fructose and sucrose, but maltose was not detected. The contents of glucose and fructose of the sap from Betula platyphylla Sukatschev(#2) were the highest and 42.1g/L and 36.9g/L, respectively. The detectabel nucleotides and their related compounds were CMP, UMP, GMP, IMP, AMP and hypoxanthine. The total contents of composition amino acids detected from eighteen kinds of the sap were in the range of 2.4~30.4mg%. The major amino acids were taurine, glycine, lysine, alanine and threonine in the sap from birch(#1, #2), glutamic acid and lysine in the sap from Betula costata Trauty(#3) and Betula davurica Pallas(#4), lysine, valine, alanine, serine, tyrosine and glutamic acid in the sap from bamboos, and glutamic acid, leucine, alanine in the sap from Darae.

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Effect of Various Combinations of Sugars, Amino Acids, and Fatty Acids on Volatile Compounds of Low-fat Sausages to have Similar Characteristics to Those of Regular-fat Sausages (기존의 유화형 소시지와 유사한 향미를 갖는 저지방 소시지 제조를 위한 당, 아미노산 및 지방산의 조합)

  • Kook, Sung-Ho;Park, Sung-Yong;Chin, Koo-Bok
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.487-493
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various combinations of sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids (oleic/linoleic aicds) on volatile compounds of low-fat sausages (LFSs) to have similar characteristics to those with regular-fat counterparts (RFC). The addition of glucose or fructose alone in LFC increased the concentrations of myristicine, pentadecanal and octadecanal, as compared to RFC. In addition, LFSs containing lysine alone had higher concentration of myristicine, as compared to those with RFC. Without the addition of both oleic and linoleic acids, LFS containing glucose in combination with various amino acids, such as alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, and lysine, had higher concentration of myristicine, as compared to RFC. Furthermore, myristicine content (ppm) of LFSs was different from those of RFC, regardless of the concentration of lysine in combined with glucose or fructose. LFSs containing oleic and linoleic acids with the combination of glucose/glycine or glucose/alanine had the most similar volatile compounds to those of RFC. These results indicated that volatile compounds isolated from smoked LFSs containing sodium caseinate as a fat replacer and the multiple combinations of sugar, amino acids, and fatty acids had the most similar volatile compounds to those of RFC.

Evaluation of high concentration carbon dioxide reduction efficiency using L-alanine·salt scrubber in Liquor factory (주류공정 내 L-alanine·염 스크러버를 이용한 고농도 이산화탄소 저감 효율 평가)

  • Kim, Heung-Rae;Lee, June-Hyung;Park, Hyung-June;Park, Ki-Tae;Park, Il-Gun
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.214-223
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    • 2020
  • This study evaluated CO2 removal efficiency, monitoring data analysis / evaluation efficiency and energy reduction efficiency in the liquor factory by L-alanine applied scrubber. The average removal rate of the scrubber was 90.45%, and it was confirmed that the removal efficiency was excellent above 10,000ppm of inlet CO2 concentration. After the scrubber operation, the CO2 concentration in the workplace was maintained under 2,000ppm(the carbon dioxide reduction efficiency was about 74%). and the energy saving efficiency was calculated to 7.26% by reducing the power consumption. As a result of applying the developed product, it was possible to improve the working environment of workers by reducing the carbon dioxide concentration in the workplace at low concentration without ventilation, and to reduce the energy consumption. Therefore, it is expected that the scrubber will be useful as a high CO2 removal process in food and liquor factories.