• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2003

2002년 7월 8일에서 10일까지 AWS와 CTD를 이용하여 서해 중부 연안역에서 해양기상관측을 실시하였다. 수심이 낮은 태안반도 연안역에서 17$^{\circ}C$ 이하의 냉수가 출현하였고, 36$^{\circ}$20'N와 36$^{\circ}$30'N 사이에 정선을 따라 조석전선이 형성되었다. 기온의 분포는 수온의 분포양상과 유사하게 나타났다. 덕적도 주변(Al)에서 24시간 연속관측결과, 조류와 같은 주기로 북동부로부터 고온저염수와 남서부로부터 저온고염수의 이동이 관측되었다. 관측기간 중에 7월 8일 23시에서 9일 1시 30분까지, 9일 3시에서 5시까지 해무가 발생하였다. 해무발생 시 북태평양 고기압이 약해지면서 기온은 18$^{\circ}C$까지 하강하였고, 바람은 2-4m/s의 북동풍이 불었다. 위성사진을 분석하였을 때, 이 안개는 표층수온이 높은 황해서부를 중심으로 발생하여 시간이 지나면서 관측해역으로 확장된 증기안개이다. 이 해무는 기온과 풍속이 상승하면서 소멸되었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2007

Data on squid catches, water temperature, and climatic factors collected for the Northwest and subtropical North Pacific were analyzed to examine the influence of oceanic and climatic conditions in spawning grounds on catches of Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus, in the East (Japan) Sea. The main spawning ground was divided into four sub-areas: the South Sea of Korea (R1), the southern waters off Jeju, Korea (R2), the southwestern part of Kyushu, Japan (R3), and the northern part of Okinawa, Japan (R4). Interannual and decadal fluctuations in water temperatures correlated well with squid catches in the East/Japan Sea. In particular, water temperatures at a depth of 50 to 100 m in sub-areas R3 and R4 showed higher correlation coefficients (0.54 to 0.59, p<0.01) in relation to squid catches in the East/Japan Sea than for R1 and R2, which had correlation coefficients of 0.40 or less (p>0.05). Air temperature and wind velocity fluctuations in each sub-area are correlated with water temperature fluctuations and were closely connected with variations in the surface mixed layers. Water, air temperatures and wind velocities at the main spawning grounds are linked to the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) with higher signals in the ca. 2-4-year band. Strong changes in a specific band and phase occurred around 1976/77 and 1986/87, coincident with changes in squid catches.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2008

Direct measurements of four radiative components at air-sea boundary layer were conducted in the southern Yellow Sea during three cruises (seasons) in 2007. Simultaneous observations of meteorological (cloud cover, air temperature and humidity) and oceanographic (sea surface temperature) parameters were carried out. Observational results of radiative fluxes and meteorological and oceanographic parameters are presented. Mean diurnal cycles of four radiative components, net radiation, and sea surface albedo are calculated to achieve averages in different seasons. Net radiative fluxes in three seasons (winter, spring, autumn) are 8, 146, $60\;W/m^2$, respectively. Comparisons between the observed radiative fluxes and those estimated with formulas are taken.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.255-269
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• 2023

Surface water temperature of a bay (from the south to the north) increases in spring and summer, but decreases in autumn and winter. Due to shallow water depth, freshwater outflow, and weak current, the water temperature in the central to northern part of the bay is greatly affected by the land coast and air temperature, with large fluctuations. Water temperature variations are large in the north-east coast of the bay, but small in the south-west coast. The difference between water temperature and air temperature is greater in winter and in the south-central part of the bay than that in the north to the eastern coast of the bay where sea dykes are located. As the bay goes from south to north, the range of water temperature fluctuation and the phase show increases. When fresh water is released from the sea dike, the surrounding water temperature decreases and then rises, or rises and then falls. The first mode of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) represents seasonal variation of water temperature. The second mode represents the variability of water temperature gradient in east-west and north-south directions of the bay. In the first mode, the maximum and the minimum are shown in autumn and summer, respectively, consistent with seasonal distribution of surface water temperature variance. In the second mode, phases of the coast of Seosan~Boryeong and the east coast of Anmyeon Island are opposite to each other, bordering the center of the deep bay. Periodic fluctuation of the first mode time coefficient dominates in the one-day and half-day cycle. Its daily fluctuation pattern is similar to air temperature variation. Sea conditions and topographical characteristics excluding air temperature are factors contributing to the variation of the second mode time coefficient.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.997-1000
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• 2006

We estimate the net heat flux in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean using satellite data. These fluxes are related to changes in sea surface temperature (SST). This variable influences atmospheric circulations and is indicative of surface and subsurface oceanic circulations. We employ data from the geostationary METEOSAT-7 and 8 satellites and from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) for the shortwave and long-wave radiative fluxes, and for estimates of SST. For turbulent flux calculations, we use the bulk aerodynamic method with satellite estimates for wind speed and atmospheric humidity and temperature.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

각종 위성자료와 현장 관측자료를 이용하여 2004년 겨울철 황해 연안해역 이상수온 상승 현상과 외해의 해양 변동과의 연관성에 대하여 연구하였다. 위성자료에 의하면, 2003년 황해의 평균 해수면온도는 $10^{\circ}C$ 정도였고, 2004년의 평균 해수면온도는 $13^{\circ}C$ 정도로 약 $3^{\circ}C$ 정도 높았다. 현장관측 자료에서는 2003년 황해의 평균 표층수온은 $9.85^{\circ}C$ 정도였고, 2004년의 평균 표층수온은 $12.17^{\circ}C$ 정도로 위성자료와 마찬가지로 약 $3^{\circ}C$ 정도 높았다. T-S diagram 분석에 의하면, 2003년은 황해 수괴와 동중국해 수괴를 아주 명확하게 구분되었지만, 2004년에는 양 수괴의 구분이 명확하지 않았다. 2003년의 평균 기온과 풍속은 각각 $5.23^{\circ}C$, 4.81 m/s 이고, 9004년의 평균 기온과 풍속은 각각 $5.61^{\circ}C$, 4.52 m/s 로 유사하였다. 그러나 2003년에는 북서풍이 우세하였으나, 2004년에는 다양한 북풍 계열의 바람이 불어서 풍향이 달랐다. 2004년 겨울철 황해 연안해역의 이상수온 상승은 대기의 영향보다 외해 해양 변동과 깊은 연관성이 있는 것으로 판단되었고, 이에 대해서는 추후 연구가 이루어질 것이다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.503-518
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• 2003

This study examines the relationship among temperature, wind, and sea level pressure to understand recent warming in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula. To do this, the surface air temperature, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind data and sea level pressure data for the period of 40 years are analyzed. The 40-year surface air temperature data in the Antarctic Peninsula reveals relatively the larger warming trends for autumn and winter than other seasons. The variability of the surface air temperature in this region is compared with that of the regional atmospheric circulation. The surface air temperature is positively correlated with frequency of northwesterlies and negatively correlated with frequency of southeasterlies. This relation is more evident in the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula for autumn and winter. The trend analysis of wind frequency in the study area shows increasing and decreasing trends in the frequency of northwesterlies and southeasterlies, respectively, in the northwestern part of the Weddell Sea for autumn and winter. And also it is found that these winds are closely related with decreasing of sea level pressure in the southeastern region of the Antarctic Peninsula. Furthermore from the seasonal variation of sea level pressure in this area, it may be presumed that decreasing of sea level pressure in the southeastern region of the Antarctic Peninsula is related with warming in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula for autumn and winter. Therefore it can be explained that recent warming in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula is caused by positive feedback mechanism, that is, the process that warming in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula can lead to the decrease of sea level pressure in the southeastern region of the Antarctic Peninsula and these pressure decrease in turn lead to the variation of wind direction in northwestern part of Weddell Sea, again the variation of wind direction enhances the warming in the Antarctic Peninsula.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.767-777
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• 1999

In the coastal region air flow changes due to the abrupt change of surface temperature between land and sea. So a numerical simulation for atmospheric flow fields must be considered the correct fields of sea surface temperature(SST). In this study, we used variables such as latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, short and long wave radiation of ocean and atmosphere which exchanged across the sea surface between atmosphere and ocean model. We found that this consideration simulated the more precise SST fields by comparing with those of the observated results. Simulated horizontal SST differences in season were 2.5~4$^{\circ}C$. Therefore we simulated the more precise atmospheric flow fields and the movement and dispersion of the pollutants with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model. In the daytime dispersion pattern of the pollutants emitted from ship sources moved toward inland, in the night time moved toward sea by land/sea breeze criculation. But air pollutants dispersion can be affected by inland topography, especially Yangsan and coastal area because of nocturnal wind speed decrease.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.257-272
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• 2020

This study investigates the temporal and spatial variations of marine meterological elements (air temperature (Temp), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and Significant Wave Height (SWH)) in seven coastal waters of South Korea, using hourly data observed at marine meteorological buoys (10 sites), Automatic Weather System on lighthouse (lighthouse AWS) (9 sites), and AWS (20 sites) during 2013-2017. We also compared the characteristics of Temp, SST, and air-sea temperature difference (Temp-SST) between sea fog and non-sea-fog events. In general, annual mean values of Temp and SST in most of the coastal waters were highest (especially in the southern part of Jeju Island) in 2016, due to heat waves, and lowest (especially in the middle of the West Sea) in 2013 or 2014. The SWH did not vary significantly by year. Wind patterns varied according to coastal waters, but their yearly variations for each coastal water were similar. The maximum monthly/seasonal mean values of Temp and SST occurred in summer (especially in August), and the minimum values in winter (January for Temp and February for SST). Monthly/seasonal mean SWH was highest in winter (especially in December) and lowest in summer (June), while the monthly/seasonal variations in wind speed over most of the coastal waters (except for the southern part of Jeju Island) were similar to those of SWH. In addition, sea fog during spring and summer was likely to be in the form of advection fog, possibly because of the high Temp and low SST (especially clear SST cooling in the eastern part of South Sea in summer), while autumn sea fog varied between different coastal waters (either advection fog or steam fog). The SST (and Temp-SST) during sea fog events in all coastal waters was lower (and more variable) than during non-sea-fog events, and was up to -5.7℃ for SST (up to 5.8℃ for Temp-SST).

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2006

Coastal sea surface temperature (CSST) and meteorological data from January through December 1995 are used to estimate the net surface heat flux and heat content for Sendai Bay. The average annual surface heat flux in the area north of the bay is estimated to be $+35Wm^{-2}$, whereas the southwestern area is estimated to be $+56Wm^{-2}$. Therefore, the net surface heat flux shows a net gain of heat over the whole bay. The largest heat gain occurs near Matsukawaura, where the strong Kuroshio/Oyashio interaction produces anomalously cold SST and wind is more moderate than in other regions of Sendai Bay over most of the year. The lowest heat gain occurs around Tashiro Island, where the temperature difference between air and sea surface is lower and wind is stronger. The heat budget shows that both surface forcing and horizontal advection are potentially important contributors to the seasonal evolution of CSST in the bay. From the A VHRR and SeaWiFS data, it is found that offshore conditions between the bay and Eno Island are different due to the presence of the Ojika Peninsula. It is also shown that the temporal behaviors of SSTs in the bay are closely connected with the air-sea heat flux and offshore conditions.