• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 사육조 용적 2.5$m^3$ 규모의 pilot-scale 순환석과식 양어장에 나일 틸라피아를 2, 5, $7\%$의 밀도로 사육하면서 사육조내의 수질과 포말분리기에 의해 배출된 포말농축액의 수질을 분석하여 병류 공기구동식 포말분리기의 실제 어류를 사육하는 양어장에서 나타내는 효율을 측정하고자 하였다 사육밀도가 증가함에 따라 단백질, 총 부유 고형물, 화학적 산소요구량 등 각 수질 인자의 농도가 증가하였으며 포말 농축액의 유출량도 증가하였다. 사육조의 단백질 농도는 사육밀도가 $5\%$에서 $7\%$로 높아짐에 따라 16.6 g/$m^3$에서 21.9 g/$m^3$으로 증가하였으며 일간 제거량은 0.99 g/day에서 2.5 g/day로 증가하였으나 포말의 단백질 농도는 50.6 g/$m^3$에서 36.6 g/$m^3$으로 감소하여 농축비는 3.2에서 1.9로 감소하였다. 사육밀도의 변화에 따른 총 부유 고형물과 화학적 산소 요구량의 일간 제거량, 농축비와 포말 농축액의 농도의 변화는 단백질 제거특성과 그 형태가 유사하였다 총 부유 고형물의 일간 제거량은 사육밀도 $2\%$일 경우 0.2g/d, $5\%$에서는 0.8 g/d 7%에서는 1.5 g/d로 사육밀도와 비례하여 증가하였으며 화학적 산소요구량의 일간 제거량은 사육밀도 $2\%$일 경우 1.6 g/d, $5\%$에서는 4.2 g/d, $7\%$에서는 7 g/d로 나타났다. 총 부유 고형물과 화학적 산소 요구량의 농축비와 제거량은 단배질과 비슷한 경향을 보였으며 총 부유 고형물과 화학적 산소 요구량의 농축비의 경우 $2\%$의 사육 밀도에서 각각 10.2, 8.4의 가장 높은 값을 나타내어 포말분리기가 양어장 순환수 처리에 효율적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2004

Diesel engine offers superior fuel consumption than gasoline engine of equivalent capacity. For this reason, diesel engines are widely used in heavy duty transport applications. Specially, it has been many years that exhaust gases from gasoline automobile rather than from diesel is the major object concerned by Korea and other countries, and it is strongly required on the reduction techniques on harmful NOx, Soot, CO, He. Thus, this paper focused on the emission reduction and target for this paper is heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with power filter such as wet type air cleaner. In this paper, the performance, exhaust emissions(CO, THC, NOx, Soot) and noise of heavy-duty diesel engine were measured at maximum load condition and the range of 1,000∼2,200rpm. The smoke was measured at FAS(Free Accel Smoke) test mode.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.201-211
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to find the atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at four different heights (l0, 50, 150 and 1,500 cm) using low volume polyurethane foam (PUF) plug air sampler in semi-rural area. ${\alpha}-/{\beta}-/{\gamma}-HCH$ with low molecular weights and Koa (octanol-air partitioning coefficient) in OCPs were similarly high concentrations at all heights, but the other OCPs (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, Heptachlor epoxide, ${\gamma}$-CHL, ${\alpha}$-CHL, Trans-nonachlor) with high molecular weights and Koa decreased with increasing heights. However, the concentrations of PCBs increased with increasing height.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.449-469
• /
• 2011

This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineering during 2010. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Research trends of thermal and fluid engineering have been surveyed as groups of general thermal and fluid flow, fluid machinery, and new and renewable energy. Various topics were presented in the field of general thermal and fluid flow. Research issues mainly focused on the thermal reliability of axial fan and compressor in the field of fluid machinery. Studies on the design of ground source heat pump systems and solar chemical reactors were executed in the field of new and renewable energy. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included heat transfer in thermoelectric cooling/power generation systems, combined heat and power systems, carbon nano fluid with PVP, channel filled with metal foam and smoke ventilation in a rescue station of a railroad tunnel. Also the studies on flow boiling of R123/oil mixture in a plain tube bundle and R410A charge amount in an air cooled mini-channel condenser were reported. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches on plate heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger, enthalpy exchanger, micro channel PCHE were performed. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included heat transfer in thermoelectric cooling/power generation systems, combined heat and power systems, carbon nano fluid with PVP, channel filled with metal foam and smoke ventilation in a rescue station of a railroad tunnel. Also the studies on flow boiling of R123/oil mixture in a plain tube bundle and R410A charge amount in an air cooled mini-channel condenser were reported. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches on plate heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger, enthalpy exchanger, micro channel PCHE were performed. (3) Refrigeration systems with alternative refrigerants such as hydrocarbons, mixed refrigerants, and CO2 were studied. Performance improvement of refrigeration systems are tried applying various ideas of refrigerant subcooling, dual evaporator with hot gas bypass control and feedforward control. The hybrid solar systems combining the solar collection devices with absorption chillers or compression heat pumps are simulated and studied experimentally as well to improve the understanding and the feasibility for actual applications. (4) Research trend in the field of mechanical building facilities has been found to be mainly focused on field applications rather than performance improvements. Various studies on heating and cooling systems, HVAC facilities, indoor air environments and energy resources were carried to improve the maintenance and management of building service equipments. In the field of heating and cooling systems, papers on a transformer cooling system, a combined heat and power, a slab thermal storage and a heat pump were reported. In the field of HVAC facilities, papers on a cooling load, an ondol and a drying were presented. Also, studies on HVAC systems using unutilized indoor air environments and energy resources such as air curtains, bioviolence, cleanrooms, ventilation, district heating, landfill gas were studied. (5) In the field of architectural environment and energy, studies of various purposes were conducted such as indoor environment, building energy, renewable energy and green building. In particular, renewable energy and building energy-related researches have mainly been studied reflecting the global interest. In addition, many researches which related the domestic green building certification of school building were performed to improve the indoor environment of school.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2010

In comparison with ordinary or heavy-weight concrete, light-weight air void concrete has the good aspects in optimizing super tall structure systems for the process of design considering wind load and seismic load by lightening total dead load of buildings and reducing natural resources used. Light-weight air void concrete has excellent properties of heat and sound insulating due to its high amount porosity of air voids. So, it has been used as partition walls and the floor of Ondol which is the traditional Korean floor heating system. Under the condition of which the supply of light-weight aggregates are limited, the development of light-weight concrete using air voids is highly required in the aspects of reduced manufacturing prices and mass production. In this study, we investigated the physical properties and thermal behaviors of specimens that applied different mixing ratios of foaming agent to evaluate the possibility of use in the structural elements. We proposed the estimating equation for compressive strength of each mix having different ratio of foaming agent. We also confirmed that the density of cement matrix is decreased as the mixing amount of foaming agent increase up to 0.6% of foaming agent mixing ratio which was observed by SEM. Based on porosity and compressive strength of control mortar without foaming agent, we built the estimating equations of compressive strength for mortars with foaming agent. The upper limit of use in foaming agent is about 0.6% of the binder amount. Each air void is independent, and size of voids range from 50 to $100{\mu}m$.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.80-87
• /
• 2022

국내에서 이재민과 재해가 예상되는 일시 대피자에게 제공되는 재해구호용품 중 대부분이 임시주거시설인 구호소 환경에 맞지 않고 사용자들이 요구하는 기능이나, 크기, 형태를 가지고 있지 않아 만족도가 낮은 것으로 평가된다. 본 연구는 재해구호용품 중 구호소 매트리스의 사용환경에 대한 문제점 제시를 통해 사용자 Need를 분석하였고 이를 통하여 방재디자인 기반 구호소 가변식 에어매트리스를 개발하였다. 사용성, 편의성, 내구성 등에 객관성을 확보하기에는 연구 데이터의 한계점이 있지만 기존 섬유 매트의 대량 보급의 어려움과 발포플라스틱 계열 매트의 기능적 단점을 가변형 에어 매트리스로 해결하였다. 개발된 가변형 에어매트리스는 이재민과 일시대피자가 장기간 구호소 생활시 생길 수 있는 육체피로, 질병 악화, 수면부족 등에 도움을 주고 생활안정을 도모하여 재활의지를 갖게 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2012

경량기포토의 현장 적용에 있어 많은 요인들이 문제를 유발시킬 수 있다. 특히 온도가 경량기포토의 거동이나 강도에 상당한 영향을 미칠 수 있으나 아직까지 이에 대한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현장에서 가장많이 적용되고 있는 6, 8, 10kN/$m^3$ 3가지 단위중량으로 경량기포토 공시체를 제작하여 한국의 기온 특성에 맞는 다양한 온도에서 양생시켰다. 준비된 공시체에 대해 일축압축강도시험을 실시하고, 침하거동도 같이 관찰하였다. 양생온도에 따른 경량기포토내의 공기방울의 형태 변화를 알아보기 위해 SEM을 이용한 사진촬영도 이루어졌다. 그 결과 강도, 침하, 공기방울형성 등 경량기포토의 특성에 양생온도가 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 경량기포토의 품질을 확보할 수 있는 허용양생온도 $8^{\circ}C{\sim}25^{\circ}C$가 제안되었다.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2015

The efficiency of the ventilation system is a key point for durable and reliable electric generators. The design of such system requires a detailed understanding of the air flow in the generator. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has the potential to resolve the lack of information in this field. The present work analyses the air flow inside a generator model. The model is designed using a CFD-based approach, and manufactured by taking into consideration the experimental and numerical requirements and limitations. The emphasis is on the possibility to accurately predict and experimentally measure the flow distribution inside the stator channels. A major part of the work is focused on the design of an intake and a fan that gives an evenly distributed flow with a high flow rate. The intake also serves as an accurate flowmeter. Experimental results are presented, of the total volume flow rate, the total pressure and velocity distributions. Steady-state CFD simulations are performed using the FOAM-extend CFD toolbox. The simulations are based on the multiple rotating reference frames method. The results from the frozen rotor and mixing plane rotor-stator coupling approaches are compared. It is shown that the fan design provides a sufficient flow rate for the stator channels, which is not the case without the fan or with a previous fan design. The detailed experimental and numerical results show an excellent agreement, proving that the results reliable.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.408-413
• /
• 1998

Electromagnetic wave absorbers for anechoic chamber are needed to broaden the useful frequency bandwidth, reduce the thickness, and decrease the weight. There are various absorbers proposed for the above conditions, but they could not decisively solve it the alone requirements. The Electromagnetic wave absorber made by a conventional ferrite tile has, for example, broadened the useful frequency bandwidth by the way of forming air layer(practically use urethane foam, etc.) on the ferrite tile. Therefore, an air layer is formed between a reflection plate and a sintered Ni-Zn ferrite tile of 7 mm in thickness, which has reflectivity less than -20 dB from 30 MHz to 600 MHz in bandwidth. Accordingly, in this paper, a broadened electromagnetic wave absorber will be designed, which has the reflection characteristics less than -20 dB from 30 MHz to 6000 MHz in the bandwidth. Then we will design a super broadband electromagnetic wave absorber by inserting square Ferrite Cylinders Type with the thickness less than 11 m and with the frequency band from 30 MHz to 6000 MHz under the above tolerance limits. The purpose of this research is on the development of a universal anechoic chamber for measuring radiated electromagnetic wave or immunity of electronic equipments, GTEM-cell, wall material for prevention TV ghost, etc.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.383-393
• /
• 2006

This paper investigates strength characteristics and stress-strain behaviors of geogrid mixing reinforced lightweight soil. The lightweight soil was reinforced with geogrid in order to increase its compressive strength. Test specimens were fabricated by various mixing conditions including cement content, initial water content, air content and geogrid layer and then unconfined compression tests were carried out. From the experimental results, it was found that unconfined compressive strength as well as stress-strain behavior of lightweight soil were strongly influenced by mixing conditions. The more cement content that is added to the mixture, the greater its unconfined compressive strength. However, the more initial water content or the more air foam content, the less its unconfined compressive strength. It was observed that the strength of geogrid reinforced lightweight soil was increased due to reinforcing effect by the geogrid for most cases except cement content less than 20%. In reinforced lightweight soil, secant modulus $(E_{50})$ was increased as the strength increased due to the inclusion of geogrid.