• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2018

Agroforestry is emerged as climate smart agriculture system and known to help in maintaining soil nutrient sustainability but its rate of expansion is still not appreciable. The present paper incorporates the different species under various agroforestry practices its density, growth and growing stock. The most dominated agroforestry practices in Bilaspur district identified as boundary tree based agri- silviculture (32%) followed with inside field tree based agri-silviculture (21%). Agri-horti-silvicultural system found merely in 5% farmer's field while silvo-pastoral practice in 8% fields. The result depicts that the most prevailing agroforestry tree species in non-forest area of Bilaspur comprises Acacia nilotica 36%, Butea monosperma 22%, Albizia spp 16%, Terminalia arjuna 7%, Azadirachta indica 3.5% and other species 15.5%. More than 90% farmer allows tree species growing naturally in their fields mainly for fuel wood, timber and as source of additional income as these species need not require special attention and care, while only 5% farmer's has adopted Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo etc commercially for higher future return. The paper also discusses the constraints on agroforestry for enabling development of agroforestry in future.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.121-139
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• 2019

Decomposition of litter is a function of various interrelated variables, both biotic and abiotic factors. Litter decomposition acts like a natural fertilizer play a prime role in maintaining the productivity and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems. There are few studies of decomposition carried out in agroforestry systems with coffee; so it is necessary to perform more research work to fill the research gap, which will allow a better understanding of the management of the coffee agroforestry systems. This paper is based on the theoretical and conceptual aspects of leaf litter decomposition in agroforestry systems, emphasizing the combination with coffee cultivation and critically examined the role of the different factors involved in the decomposition. This study made a comparison of different investigations with regards to weight loss, decomposition rates (k), initial chemical composition, and release of the main nutrients. This study suggested that it is necessary to implement studies of decomposition and mineralization, and the microflora and fauna associated with these processes, so that serves as an important tool to develop a model for enabling a description of the short, medium, and long-term dynamics of soil nutrients in coffee agroforestry systems.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.204-217
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• 2022

Background: Increasing land demands for food production have led to biodiversity loss and land degradation in the Madhupur Sal forest. Reforestation activities such as agroforestry and woodlot plantation support the conservation of diversity, restoration of forest and prevention of soil erosion in degraded natural Sal forest. Knowing about these reforestation activities, this study is needed to compare the species composition, richness, and soil nutrients of these two plantation activities to the natural Sal forest in the degraded Madhupur Sal forest in Bangladesh. Results: The analysis showed that in between the reforestation activities, the highest Shannon-Wiener index (1.79), evenness (0.60) and Simpson's index (0.79) were found in the agroforestry site compared to the woodlot plantation site. On the contrary, the highest species richness (n = 14), tree basal area (19.56 m² ha^-1), Margalef's index (1.96) were recorded in woodlot plantation than in the agroforestry site. We observed that at 0-15 cm depth, soil organic matter (2.39%), total nitrogen (0.14%), available phosphorous (62.67 ㎍ g^-1) and exchangeable potassium (0.36 meq/100 g) in agroforestry plots were significantly higher compared to other forest sites. At topsoil (15-30 cm depth), soil organic matter (1.67%) and available phosphorous (21.09 ㎍ g^-1) were found to be higher in agroforestry site. Conclusions: Both reforestation approaches improved soil function, although woodlot plantation had the higher species richness. Therefore, plantation activities by the sustainable implementation of these two practices are the best alternative to restore the biodiversity, richness and conserve soil fertility in the Madhupur Sal forest of Bangladesh.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2017

Trees at farm are considered as one of the option to reduce poverty of smallholders by contributing to livelihood security and resilience to climate change. A perception based study was conducted to assess the cultural importance of tree species suitable for practicing agroforestry in randomly selected agroforestry-dominated villages in Alaknanda valley of Western Himalayas during 2015-16. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data on the provisioning services of major agroforestry tree species in randomly surveyed 87 households. Based on cultural importance (CI) index value, the most suitable agroforestry tree species was Morus alba (3.32) followed by Celtis australis (3.22), Mangifera indica (3.01), Grewia optiva (2.79), Toona ciliata (2.22), Bauhinia variegata (2.08), Leucaena leucocephala (1.76) and Emblica officinalis (1.74). The preference of use has also been governed based on their indigenous knowledge. This study will also facilitate in evaluating the importance of provisioning services of agroforestry tree species in improving livelihood as well as facilitates smallholder's resilience to climate change in Western Himalayas.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권4호
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• pp.667-675
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• 2022

혼농임업(agroforestry)은 임업, 농업, 축산업을 병행하여 지속적인 농업을 가능케 하는 생태·경제적 토지이용 체계로, 임농복합경영은 혼농임업의 북한식 표현이다. 북한은 경사 산지 및 산림황폐지 복구를 위한 전략으로 임농복합경영을 선택하였다. 임농복합경영은 남북산림협력 분과회담의 의제로 제시된 바 있으며, 한반도 산림탄소흡수원을 확충하고 '2050 탄소중립 전략'과 '한반도 그린데탕트'를 추진하기 위한 수단으로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 북한 산림황폐지 상시 모니터링 지역이자 ICRAF(세계혼농임업센터) 혼합임농경영 시범지인 황해북도 수안군을 대상으로 하여 임농복합경영 대상지 적지 분석을 수행하였다. 문헌 분석을 통해 임농복합경영 대상지 입지조건을 분석하여 대상지 선정의 기준을 정하고, GIS 중첩분석을 응용하여 임농복합경영 적지 분석 지도를 제작하여 시각화하였다. 약 8,839 ha의 경사지가 임농복합경영에 적합한 지역으로 선정되었으며, 이는 수안군 전체 면적의 약 15%에 해당하였다. 본 연구에서 제작한 지도와 구글 어스 위성영상을 대조하여 육안판독을 통해 수안군의 임농복합경영 등 토지이용 현황을 확인하고 결과를 검증하였다. 본 연구는 향후 자연환경적인자와 사회경제적인자에 대한 고찰을 통해 인자 간 상대적 중요도를 평가하고, 전국적 단위에서 정확도 높은 임농복합경영 적지 분석 지도를 제작하여 남북산림협력 정책의 기초자료를 제작하는데 기여할 것이다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

Climate change has directly impacted environmentally dependent first industry. The changes of amount and frequency of precipitation have caused unstable drinking water supply for grassland and feed crop, and have changed the variety of grassland and feed crop. Rising temperature has caused heat stress on livestock, which has impacted feed intake and livestock products, and also has threatened to the health of livestock by widening the range of sources of diseases. In order for livestock industry to confront climate change, new technology development for climate change adaptation and measures of greenhouse gas mitigation are essential. Agroforestry is the one of alternative measures to mitigate greenhouse gases and to adapt to climate change. Agroforestry is the way rearing livestock and cultivating plants in forest, which is suitable to Korea where mountain area is over 68%. Feedstock such as maize, soybean, rice, and grass grown by agroforestry would decrease feed cost. Agroforestry will decrease heat stress of livestock during hot weather and will be possible to pasture, which increases livestock welfare.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2005년도 국제학술심포지움 The 44th Annual Meeting of Korean Society for Life Science
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• pp.172-172
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• 2005

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제110권3호
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• pp.355-368
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• 2021

임농복합경영에 관한 기술협력은 남북 산림협력 분과회담 주요의제 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 북한의 생태지리 및 입지 특성을 반영한 임농복합경영 대상지에 따른 적정 수종과 작물을 선정하기 위해 수행되었다. 생태지리구획도는 북한의 위성자료와 문헌자료를 사용하여 북한 전역을 4지대 13지역으로 구분하여 작성되었다. 북한 전역을 세 가지 입지 특성(토심, 경사 및 지형적 위치)에 따라 18개 입지 조건으로 구분하고, 북한의 임농복합경영의 경영기간에 따라 단기와 장기임농복합경영 대상지로 분류하여 지도로 작성하였다. 최종적으로 생태지리구획도와 임농복합경영 대상지 지도를 중첩하여 수목 30종과 작물 19종을 대상으로 지역별 적정 수종 및 작물을 분류하였다. 수종과 작물은 동일 지대 내 지역별로는 대부분 유사하였으나, 지대별로 비교했을 때는 차이를 보였다. 이는 생태지리구획에 반영된 지리 기후적 특성이 지대별로 큰 차이를 보이기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 향후 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 임농복합경영 분야 남북 산림협력 시 경영 목적과 경영 유형을 모두 고려한 수종 및 작물을 제안할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권5호통권162호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2005

This study aimed to develop an agroforestry technology through the participation of local people. The study was conducted in the Makiling Forest Reserve (MFR) of the University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB). Diagnosis and Design (D&D) methodology was employed to plan and implement effective research and development projects. Diagnostic interview and direct field observation were conducted to identify the significance of the land-use system and to understand how the system works. As a result of the diagnostic interview and direct field observation in San Vicente, old coconut-based land-use system is shifting to mahogany-based agroforestry system. One of the reasons is due to the very complicated socio-economic and silvicultural factors including lower price of coconut farm products, industry development, lack of labor force, and pest and diseases. Change in land use brought about by the shifting to mahogany-based farming system is slow. Also, mahogany trees are observed to be not well-maintained. However, mahogany based land use system gives farmers' a bigger income as well as environmental benefit. Farmer's cooperation and local forestry policy for CDM were proposed to encourage people's self-restoration effort.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.241-254
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• 2015

This study attempts to examine farmers' preference and perception towards cropland agroforestry (CAF) and its economic benefits in Bangladesh. It surveys 84 farmers of two sub-districts named Manirampur and Bagherpara under Jessore district of Bangladesh to address the study objectives with the help of a questionnaire during the period of June to July 2013. We follow a multistage random sampling procedure for selecting respondents of the survey. A total of 27 plant species under 19 families are identified in the surveyed crop fields, among which 11 are tree species and 1 is shrub from 8 families and 15 species are agricultural crops from 11 families. According to the survey findings, most of the farmers prefer multipurpose tree species like Swietenia macrophylla (67 percent), Phoenix sylvestris (48 percent), Mangifera indica (48 percent) and Cocos nucifera (43 percent). We also find that Curcuma longa (92 percent), Oryza spp. (56 percent), Solanum melongena (43 percent) and Amorphophallus campanulatus (33 percent) are the available agriculture crops which are grown in association with trees in the study area. The surveyed farmers report that they practice CAF to get fuel wood, fodder, juice, fruit and food for family consumption and revenue earnings. About 76 percent of the surveyed farmers endorse the existence of a positive interaction between trees and agriculture crops, while the rest 24 percent endorse the existence of a negative interaction between trees and agriculture crops. This study finds that CAF farmers on an average earn US$ 1,410 per farm per year and the yearly average revenue difference between CAF and non-cropland agroforestry (NCAF) farmers is US$ 214. Overall, CAF needs to develop through scientific intervention in the study area to conserve the biodiversity and to enhance farmers' sustainable livelihood.