• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

Objectives: The principal aim of this study is to investigate and analyze domestic usage amounts of insecticide in rice cultivation in order to provide fundamental data for establishing a job-exposure matrix(JEM) related to farmers working with agricultural insecticides. Materials and Methods: An investigation of domestic usage amounts of insecticides rice cultivation was performed through two methods. The first method utilized information on agricultural pesticides published annually by the Korea Crop Protection Association(KCPA). The second method made use of area of cultivation of rice as officially determined by Statistics Korea(SK). An estimation of domestic usage of insecticides in rice cultivation through the second method was determined by multiplying the total cultivation area of rice($m^2$) by the optimal spray volume of insecticides for rice cultivation per unit of cultivation area($kg/m^2$). Results: As a result of the analysis of public data regarding insecticides in rice cultivation, it was found that the domestic usage amount has decreased sharply from the first year of market sales(1969) to the final data year(2012). There is little difference in the annual usage trend of insecticides in rice cultivation between shipment and estimation. Also, the annual usage trends of insecticides in rice cultivation based on regional classification were nearly similar to those based on the overall aspect. Conclusions: The region which used the largest volume of insecticide in rice cultivation in Korea was the Jeolla Provinces, followed by the Gyeonsang Provinces, the Chungcheong Provinces, Seoul/Gyeonggi Province, Gangwon Province and Jeju Province. Substantially, the mean ratio of usage amounts of insecticide based on shipments and those based on estimation by cultivation area was $96{\pm}29%$, which indicates that the domestic usage amount of insecticide for rice cultivation corresponded to the optimal spray standard per unit area.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.407-415
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• 2019

The biological half-life of pesticides applied on crops is the key indicator for ensuring the safety of agricultural products. The biological half-life is affected by the several factors like growing conditions of the crop, climate, application method, and physicochemical properties of pesticides. In this study, the biological half-life was calculated and the degradation rates of six triazole fungicides sprayed on perilla leaves were evaluated. Moreover, the statistical analysis confirmed the correlation between the biological half-life and physicochemical properties of six triazole pesticides. The recoveries of the six pesticides were between 84.8-104.9%, which satisfied the residual pesticide analysis criteria. The biological half-life of six pesticides sprayed on perilla leaves, calculated using the first-order kinetics model, ranged between 6.4-15.1 days. When the biological half-life and the physicochemical properties were correlated using the principal component analysis: pKa and Log P, the biological half-life was found to be affected by PC1. The correlation coefficient between biological half-life and physicochemical properties (pKa), calculated by Spearman rank-order correlation, was R² = -0.928 (p <0.01). Biological half-life has been shown to correlate with pKa. In conclusion, it can be used as a database for the relationship between biological half-life and physicochemical properties and will contribute to ensure safe supply of agricultural products.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.511-516
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• 2003

Computer vision technology has been utilized as one of the most powerful tools to automate various agricultural operations. Though it has demonstrated successful results in various applications, the current status of technology is still for behind the human's capability typically for the unstructured and variable task environment. In this paper, a man-machine interactive hybrid decision-making system which utilized a concept of tole-operation was proposed to overcome limitations of computer image processing and cognitive capability. Tasks of greenhouse watermelon cultivation such as pruning, watering, pesticide application, and harvest require identification of target object. Identifying water-melons including position data from the field image is very difficult because of the ambiguity among stems, leaves, shades. and fruits, especially when watermelon is covered partly by leaves or stems. Watermelon identification from the cultivation field image transmitted by wireless was selected to realize the proposed concept. The system was designed such that operator(farmer), computer, and machinery share their roles utilizing their maximum merits to accomplish given tasks successfully. And the developed system was composed of the image monitoring and task control module, wireless remote image acquisition and data transmission module, and man-machine interface module. Once task was selected from the task control and monitoring module, the analog signal of the color image of the field was captured and transmitted to the host computer using R.F. module by wireless. Operator communicated with computer through touch screen interface. And then a sequence of algorithms to identify the location and size of the watermelon was performed based on the local image processing. And the system showed practical and feasible way of automation for the volatile bio-production process.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1982

Composite soil samples from 236 sites representing paddy field, up-land, orchard and plastic film house were examined for organochlorine residues by GLC-ECD. Detection frequencies and residual levels of most persistent organochlorine residues in the soil samples were found to depend on the cropping practices. Highest organochlorine residues were found in orchard soils and followed, in decreasing order, plastic film house, up-land and paddy field soils. ${\alpha}-Endosulfan$, dieldrin, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT were responsible for the observed high organochlorine residues in the orchard soils. ${\alpha}-BHC$ and ${\gamma}-BHC$ were detected in all 236 soil samples. The mean residue levels of both BHC isomers were, however, remained fairly low. Residues of PCNB and ${\alpha}-endosulfan$ in native soils are reported, for the first time, in present work. PCNB was present in up-land plastic film house soils while ${\alpha}-endosulfan$ was found in all agricultural soils studied. High levels of p,p'-DDT and dieldrin were discussed in relation to crops cultivated, amount and duration of the pesticides usage. Need for continued observations on the persistent residue of pesticides in soils, already banned for general use, is emphasized.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.294-303
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• 1986

The effects of insecticides on biochemical precesses in soil were studied by determining the effects of the chemical structure of each insecticides on enzyme activities, pesticide residue and total number of bacteria revealed when soil treated with urea was incubated at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}$ for 56 days. The inhibition effects of insectides on enzyme activites in soil decreased in the order: dithiophosphoric acid > thiophosphhoric acid > phosphoric acid > carbamate insecticides for urease and phosphatase, thiophosphoric acid > dithiophosphoric acid > phosphoric acid > carbamate insecticides for L-glutaminase and protease. The inhibition effects of organophophorus insecticides on enzyme activities in soil were maintained longer than those of carbamate insecticides. Carbamate insecticides increased the activities of protease and L-glutaminase at 56 days. When insecticides were treated in soil together with urea, the degradation of insecticides was accelerated. By treatment of insecticides, the total number of bacteria was decreased at the early stage of treatment but thereafter increased according to phosphoric acid and carbamate insecticides.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.219-224
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• 1976

The appearance of organochlorine pesticide residues in shellfish, seaweed, mud and water samples collected from south coast of Korean peninsula in September 1974 was surveyed to obtain the following results. 1) The residues in shellfish samples were found to be in the orders of Choongmoo > Yeosoo > Busan > Mokpo area, top-shell >short-necked clam > mussel > hard clam > red-shell, aldrin > ${\alpha}-BHC$ > heptachlor> ${\gamma}-BHC$ > dieldrin > heptachlor epoxide > endrin and in the range of $0-49\;{\mu}g/kg$ edible fresh muscle. 2) The residues in seaweed samples from Wando area were found to be in the orders of tangle > green laver > laver, ${\alpha}-BHC$ > ${\gamma}-BHC$ > aldrin > dieldrin > heptachlor > heptachlor epoxide > endrin and in the range of $0-60\;{\mu}g/kg$ dry matter. 3) The residues in water samples were found to be in the orders of Yeongsan River > Nakdong River > Seomjin River > Choongmoo shellfish farm, ${\alpha}-BHC$ > ${\gamma}-BHC$ > aldrin > heptachlor > dieldrin > heptachlor epoxide > endrin and in the range of $0-180\;{\mu}g/kl$ while those in mud samples were in the order of ${\alpha}-BHC$ > ${\gamma}-BHC$> aldrin > dieldrin > heptachlor > heptachlor epoxide > endrin and in the range of $0.7-18\;{\mu}g/kg$ dry matter. It should be noted that BHC contents of water samples from Yeongsan and Nakdong rivers were far above the recommended environmental levels in USA.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.304-307
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• 2005

Multiresidue method was set up for the simultaneous determination of various residual pesticides in potatoes and carrots, which was analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detector/nitrogen phosphorus detector. Method consisted with acetone/acetonitrile (9 : 1) extraction and dichloromethane partition, followed by florisil cartridge purification with hexane/dichloromethane/acetonitrile (50 : 45 ; 5) elution. Among 197 pesticides (194 kinds) spiked to food materials, 143 and 155 pesticides were recovered over 70% on potatoes and carrots, respectively. Nineteen pesticides including bromacil, cyproconazole, were not detected in water and sample matrices. Matrix components may affect the low detections of 25 pesticides such as benfuracarb, bitertanol from potatoes and 16 pesticides such as bitertanol, carbosulfan from Carrots. Some pesticides including dichlobenil, fluoroimide and iprodione were highly detected from one or both matrices even though they were not detected from water.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Recently in Korea, the import of agricultural products is rising due to the increasing amount of trade. Unregistered pesticides, allidochlor, propachlor, propham, cycloate, diallate and pebulate are widely used as pesticides for rice cultivation in foreign countries, while they are not registered in Korea. Therefore, the residue amount of imported agri-foods should be verified using the proper official analytical method for each of them that has not registered in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: This work was conducted to apply the official method of Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) for determining multi class pesticide multiresidues in agricultural commodities. Brown rice and orange which have different characteristics as a matrix were selected as representative samples for residue analysis. The recoveries of cycloate, diallate and pebulate by GC/MS in fortified brown rice and orange with levels of 0.04~0.4 mg/kg were ranged from 82.8% to 110.3%. The quantification limits of three pesticides in brown rice and orange were 0.04 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: As a result, this method can surely be used as an official method for routine analysis of unregistered pesticides in Korea for imported agri-food.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2001

This study was carried out to find out basic data of the various cropping systems controlling the soil environment by analysing the historical literature, the changes of cropping system and the expected income of cropping system of the upland crop. The results were summerized as follows ; 1. According to the literature of 'Gumyangjoprok' and 'Sanlimgyungjae', published on 15 to 16 century in Korea, the cropping system of barley, soybean, red bean, and millet, etc. was done together both the 'kunkyong' and 'kanjong'. 2. Since 1970s the staple food grains had been self-sufficient and the setting up of the rice seedbed became faster. However, the cropping system of the rice after barley was rapidly fallen from 83.7% to 4.0% in 1990s. Furthermore, the food production and the rate of arable land utilization were also rapidly fallen. 3. The most prospective cropping system is considered the soybean after barley, and root & tuber crops considering with the soil environment. 4. The expecting income of cropping system ranged from 940,000won to l,970,000won per 10a but that of barley after soybean cropping for 610,000won, and that of barley-after mung bean cropping for 613,000won. 5. The maintenance and the preservation of agricultural environment shall become positive by practicing the Integrated Nutrients Management(INM), and the Integrated Pest Management(IPM) with control using of fertilizer and pesticide presenting the excessive loads to the soil environment.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2023

Recently, water shortages have occurred due to climate change, and the need for water management of agricultural water has increased due to the occurrence of algal blooms in reservoirs. Existing algae prevention is operated by putting many people on site and misses the optimal spraying time due to movement through boats. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to block contamination in advance and move within time to uniformly spray complex microorganisms uniformly. Control drones are used for pesticide spraying and can be applied to algae prevention work by utilizing control drones. In this paper, basic research for the establishment of a marine control system was conducted for application to the reservoir environment, and as one of the results, the characteristics of a drone nozzle, a core technology that can be used for control drones, were calculated. In particular, it was found that the existing agricultural control drones had a disadvantage that the concentration was non-uniform within the suggested spraying interval, and to compensate for this, nozzle positioning and nozzle spraying uniformity were calculated. Based on the experimental results, we develop a core algorithm for establishing an algal bloom monitoring system in the reservoir environment and propose a precision control technology that can be used for marine control work in the future.