• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2011

Considering that the world population is expected to total 9 billion by 2050, it will clearly be necessary to sustain and even accelerate the rate of improvement in crop productivity. In the 21st century, we now face another, perhaps more devastating, environmental threat, namely climate change, which could cause irreversible damage to agricultural ecosystem and loss of production potential. Enhancing intrinsic yield, plant abiotic stress tolerance, and pest and pathogen resistance through agricultural biotechnology will be a critical part of feeding, clothing, and providing energy for the human population, and overcoming climate change. Development and commercialization of genetically engineered crops have significantly contributed to increase of crop yield and farmer's income, decrease of environmental impact associated with herbicide and insecticide, and to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from this cropping area. Advances in plant genomics, proteomics and system biology have offered an unprecedented opportunities to identify genes, pathways and networks that control agricultural important traits. Because such advances will provide further details and complete understanding of interaction of plant systems and environmental variables, biotechnology is likely to be the most prominent part of the next generation of successful agricultural industry. In this article, we review the prospects for modification of agricultural target traits by genetic engineering, including enhancement of photosynthesis, abiotic stress tolerance, and pest and pathogen resistance associated with such opportunities and challenges under climate change.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have always mattered in agriculture too. In day-to-day practices of agriculture and allied sectors, the farmers often share their information. Changing weather patterns, soil conditions, pests and diseases always throw challenges to small and marginal farmers. So, the farmer needs up-dated information to cope with and even benefit from these changes. In the developing countries like India, where agriculture still plays a crucial role (over 58% of the rural households depend on agriculture as their livelihood) and the rising population from 1027 million to 1419 million during 2001-16 (a total rise of 38 percent or 1.3 percent per year) pose a lot of pressure on land and other resources to meet the food security needs on one hand and to meet the challenges of globalization on the other. Understanding and addressing these challenges are very crucial, in which ICT can play a major role. With the booming mobile, wireless, and Internet industries, ICT has found a foothold even in poor marginal and smallholder farms and in their activities. The survey conducted among the 120 farmers in Srikakulam district in India revealed that, ICT has revolutionized the agriculture in the modern days. Production and marketing information is accessed by 91% of the sample farmers through mobile in 2015, where it was only 5% in 2005. The extent of use of mobile phones by the farmers varied with the decision to be taken by them like Harvesting, packing, and storing (94%), Selling Decision (91%), Seed purchase (89%), Application of fertilizers and pesticides (88%) and Land preparation and planting (84%), other package of practices (77%). The farmers further opined that, 'Voice' was the dominating source of communication (96%) compared to Short Message Service (SMS) (only 27%) and Internet access (10%), as majority are illiterate. The use of camera (71%), Bluetooth (33%), Radio (61%) TV (41%) are the other means of sharing the information. In this context of importance of ICTs in Indian agriculture, greater attention justifies about the applications of ICT's to alleviate poverty and promote economic growth of the farming population.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.432-438
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• 2017

Slum settlement, a direct result of the rapid worldwide urbanization is a common site in most developing countries. Uganda is among the top African countries with high number of slums. The status of Katanga slum located in the low-lands between Mulago national hospital and Makerere University is a typical of many other slums within Uganda. This project proposal seeks to tackle urbanization challenges by specializing in slum upgrading as a sustainable way of curbing the menace. An integrated toilet, biogas, poultry and backyard gardening project is proposed as a channel of boosting the Katanga slum dwellers' economic, sanitation and domestic energy status. Designed to serve up to 30 households, the project will utilize residual wastes from poultry houses and toilets to produce biogas and slurry. The biogas yield will provide clean cooking fuel and energy for lighting, while the slurry used as organic fertilizers to improve vegetable yields. The social, economic and environmental impacts of the project will empower the vulnerable women and children within the slums and reduce water pollution and land degradation. This affordable project can be applied in developing countries experiencing slum settlement challenges as a strategy for reducing urbanization pressure.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.211-254
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• 2014

말라위 농촌지도사업은 최근 농업개발에서의 부족한 기여와 소농의 요구에 부응하지 못한 측면에서 많은 비판을 받고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 농촌지도사업은 농촌생활과 농촌빈곤 문제 개선을 위해서 중시되고 있다. 말라위 농촌지도사업은 공공부문과 민간부문에서 많은 도전을 받고 있다. 이러한 도전에 분명하고 적극적인 대응은 모든 농가들에게 편익을 제공하고 정부정책 목적을 달성하기 위한 농촌지도사업의 미래의 모습을 만드는 데 있어서 매우 중요하다. 말라위 농촌지도사업의 당면과제는 민주주의, 시장자유화, 분권화, 에이즈, 공공자원부족, 공공부문개혁, 협력 등이다. 이를 달성하기 위하여 말라위 농촌지도사업은 복합적인 지도사업수요를 제공해야 하고, 식량문제와 빈곤문제해결을 위하여 협력을 촉진해야 한다. 또한 지도사업은 모델빌리지접근법(Model-village approaches)을 기초한 지역농촌지도사업 시스템을 통하여 모든 농가들이 접근할 수 있고 질높은 지도사업 서비스를 추진해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.31-56
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• 2024

Pig farming, a vital industry, necessitates proactive measures for early disease detection and crush symptom monitoring to ensure optimum pig health and safety. This review explores advanced thermal sensing technologies and computer vision-based thermal imaging techniques employed for pig disease and piglet crush symptom monitoring on pig farms. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and efficient technology for measuring pig body temperature, providing advantages such as non-destructive, long-distance, and high-sensitivity measurements. Unlike traditional methods, IRT offers a quick and labor-saving approach to acquiring physiological data impacted by environmental temperature, crucial for understanding pig body physiology and metabolism. IRT aids in early disease detection, respiratory health monitoring, and evaluating vaccination effectiveness. Challenges include body surface emissivity variations affecting measurement accuracy. Thermal imaging and deep learning algorithms are used for pig behavior recognition, with the dorsal plane effective for stress detection. Remote health monitoring through thermal imaging, deep learning, and wearable devices facilitates non-invasive assessment of pig health, minimizing medication use. Integration of advanced sensors, thermal imaging, and deep learning shows potential for disease detection and improvement in pig farming, but challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed for successful implementation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies used in the pig farming industry, including computer vision algorithms such as object detection, image segmentation, and deep learning techniques. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of IRT technology, providing an overview of the current research field. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and farmers regarding IRT application in pig production, highlighting notable approaches and the latest research findings in this field.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.424-439
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• 2017

This study was undertaken to examine the profit efficiency and its determining factors, the investment opportunity, and the challenges of shea butter producers in the northern region of Ghana. The methods employed in this research were the Stochastic Profit Frontier (SPF) model, gain-cost and investment return analyses, as well as Kendall's W statistic using primary data collected from 120 purposively-selected respondents. Results from the analysis indicated that profit efficiency was positively influenced by sex, household size, marital status, educational level, transportation cost, store rent, and price of shea nut with a gain in profit efficiency of 58.5%. The investment analysis demonstrated a net gain per person of $8,077 equivalent to GH₵ 28,270 Ghanaian cedi (GH₵) using 2016 exchange rate (GH₵ 3.5 = $1). Among the challenges identified, the poor quality of shea nuts was the most prioritised challenge with 72.8% agreement among the respondents. Based on these findings, it was recommended that proper training and education, as well as improvement in shea nut quality, should be promoted to improve the profit efficiency of shea butter producers.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.49-66
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• 2009

The DDA negotiations, in 9th multilateral trade round, has focused on nine sectors including agriculture, non-agricultural market access, and service. After August 2004, member countries have intensified negotiations in order to reduce gaps between countries perspective. So most attention of members countries has been focused on agricultural trade and non-agricultural market access. Agricultural negotiation confront tough challenges because of different positions among members countries, and are not expected to reach perfect forms of modalities. Nevertheless based on the fact that many countries nearly reached agreement on some core. Under this circumstance, Korea has to prepare more practical strategics and more effective individual commitments to minimized the agricultural market opening. The other way, some Korean agricultural products will be exported by the DDA negotiation. Recently the understanding of Third-Party Logistics and Logistics Outsourcing are receiving increased attention as means of becoming competitive in agricultural products export improvement. So this paper presents a in-depth analysis for third-party logistics and its implications for Korea agricultural product export system improvement in E-trade Era.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2019

Beekeeping has been practiced for centuries in Ethiopia. Currently, there are three broad classification of honey production systems in Ethiopia; these are traditional (forest and backyard), transitional(intermediate) and modern(frame beehive) systems. Ethiopian honey production is characterized by the widespread use of traditional technology resulting in relatively low honey yield and poor honey quality. Despite the challenges and constraints, Ethiopia has the largest bee population in Africa with over 10 million bee colonies, of which 5 to 7.5million are hived while the remaining exists in the wild. Consequently, these figures, indeed, has put Ethiopia as the leading honey and beeswax producer in Africa. In fact, Ethiopia has even bigger potential than the current honey production due to the availability of plenty apicultural resources such as natural forests with adequate apiculture flora, water resources and a high number of existing bee colonies. However, lack of well-trained man powers, lack of standardization, problems associated with honey bee pests and diseases, high price and limited availability of modern beekeeping equipment's for beekeepers and absconding and migration of bee colonies are some of the major constraints reported for beekeeping in Ethiopia. In this review, an attempt was made to present all beekeeping practices in Ethiopia. The opportunities and major constraints of the sector were also discussed.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2020

본 연구는 버섯 수출입의 무역역조가 심화되고 있는 상황에서 버섯 수출 확대를 위해 해결해야 할 당면과제들의 우선순위를 도출하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구는 버섯산업의 부문별 전문가들을 대상으로 집단심층면접조사(FGI)를 실시하여 11개의 당면과제를 발굴한 다음 BWS(Best-Worst Scaling) 분석방법을 이용하여 당면과제들의 우선순위를 도출하였다. 분석결과 11개의 당면과제들 가운데 버섯의 품질 및 가격 경쟁력 강화(1순위)가 가장 중요하고도 시급한 과제로 제시되었다. 그 다음으로는 해외 수출시장 다변화, 버섯의 국내 가격 안정이 각각 2순위와 3순위의 당면과제로 나타났다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 바탕으로 우선순위가 높게 나타난 당면과제들을 해결하기 위한 정책방향을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 버섯의 품질 및 가격 경쟁력 강화를 위해서는 다방면에 걸친 유기적인 노력이 필요하다. 생산기반 측면에서 배지원료의 안정적인 수급체계를 구축하고, 우수한 국산 종균의 개발 및 보급을 확대하는 한편 고품질 버섯 안전 생산을 위한 표준재배기술을 개발, 보급하여야 한다. 그리고 장거리 유통이 가능하도록 기능성 포장재를 개발하고, 다양한 수확 후 저장기술(post harvest technology)의 개발을 통하여 품질 및 가격 경쟁력을 높여야 한다. 둘째, 버섯의 해외 수출시장 다변화를 위해서는 STP(segmentation, targeting and positioning) 전략에 맞춰 해외시장을 전략적으로 분할하는 한편 수출 수발주 통합관리 등을 위한 자율적인 통합마케팅조직을 구축하여 수출 창구를 일원화하여야 한다. 또한 해외 마케팅을 강화하고 소비촉진을 위한 다양한 홍보를 추진하여야 한다. 그 일환으로 해외시장 개척 박람회, 판촉행사, 해외마케팅, 바이어(buyer) 초청 등의 행사를 활발하게 추진하여야 한다. 셋째, 버섯의 국내가격 안정을 위해서는 전문유통센터를 건립하여 내수 안정화 및 수출기반을 조성하여야 한다. 버섯은 일반 도매시장을 통하여 유통할 경우 품질관리 및 유통물량 조절이 취약하다는 특성을 지닌다. 따라서 품목별 또는 지역(산지)별로 버섯 전문유통센터를 건립하여 유통효율성을 제고하는 한편 버섯가격 안정화를 도모하여야 한다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 1995

Agricultural extension services in Korea has experienced various system changes and accomplishments. The biggest achievement of extension was rice self-suffiency in the 1970s and abundant vegetable and animal production in the 1980s. The emerging challenges of international competition and localization are contributing to significant changes such as the decentralization of activities and shared responsibilities between the central government and local governments. Change, while it threatens the status quo, is a challenge and an opportunity to review and revamp ensconced and often rigid structures. In this sense, it is time to start a new era in agricultural extension. The development of agricultural extension requires keen appraisals and cogent analysis based on the realities of each specific regional situation. In order to develop agricultural extension services, the various aspects, the synthetic identification of its environments, the clarification of the client, the program development, and the effective mechanisms between research and extension must be considered. Especially, agricultural extension systems should be flexible and adjust to changing environments and the farmers' needs.