• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.508-513
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• 2007

The electrical properties and stability of $ZnO-Pr_6O_{11}-CoO-Cr_2O_3-based$ varistors were investigated for different $Tb_4O_{11}$ amounts in the range of $0{\sim}1.0\;mol%$. As the $Tb_4O_{11}$ amount increased, the sintered density increased in the range of $99.1{\sim}101.1%$ of theoretical density and the average grain size decreased in the range of $7.7{\sim}4.8{\mu}m$. The varistor voltage increased in the range of $280.9{\sim}715.8V/mm$ and the nonlinear coefficient increased in the range of $26.4{\sim}44.4$ with the increased of $Tb_4O_{11}$ amount. The 0.25 mol% $Tb_4O_{11}$-doped varistors exhibited the high electrical stability, with -0.1% in variation rate of varistor voltage, -0.7% in variation rate of nonlinear coefficient, and +17.4% in variation rate of leakage current for specified dc accelerated aging stress of $0.95V_{1mA}/150^{\circ}C/24h$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.277-283
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• 2020

Cu-Co-Si based alloy has a strengthening mechanism for Co₂Si intermetallic compounds deposited on the copper matrix after aging treatment and the solution treatment has a key influence on the strength and electrical conductivity of the final products. In this paper, the Cu-1.6%Co-0.38%Si alloy was fixed at the time and the solution treatment temperature was set at a temperature in the range of 800 to 950℃, and the change in mechanical properties was observed by fixing the temperature at 950℃ and changing the time. The microstructure was observed using an electron microscope and an optical microscope, and the changes in hardness, electrical conductivity, and bending workability after aging treatment were investigated. When the solution treatment time is less than 20 seconds, the solution treatment is not sufficient and the formation of precipitates contributing to the increase in hardness decreases and the hardness decreases after the aging treatment, and in more than 50 seconds, the hardness decreases due to the coarsening of the grains and the bending workability got worse.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2022

Titanium alloy for bio-medical applications have been developed to reduce the toxicity of alloying elements and avoid the stress-shielding effect which is caused by relatively high elastic modulus compared to bone. Ti-39Nb-6Zr (TNZ40) alloy of elastic modulus exhibits around 40 GPa in the case of beta single phase. However, the strength of this alloy is lower than the other types of titanium alloys. Many research found that adding oxygen to beta-titanium alloys is beneficial for improving the strength through solid solution strengthening. In this study, TNZ40 ingots with addition of O were prepared by an arc remelting process (Ti-39Nb-6Zr-0.16O (wt.%), Ti-39Nb-6Zr-0.26O (wt.%)). Thermo-mechanical processing (i.e., heat treatment, cold swaging and aging heat treatment) has been performed under various conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of oxygen content and ω phase formation on microstructure and mechanical properties.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.91 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 2024

The objective of this study is to analyze, using the finite element method, the durability of damaged and repaired structures under the effect of mechanical loading coupled with environmental conditions (water absorption and/or temperature). The study is based on the hybrid patch repair technique, considering several parameters based on the J integral to observe the behavior of the adhesive in transferring load from a damaged plate to the repair patch. The results clearly show that water absorption and increased temperature cause degradation of the mechanical properties of the adhesive, leading to an increase in its plasticization, which is beneficial for the assembly's strength. However, the degradation of the adhesive's properties due to aging in the repair results in poor load transfer from the damaged area to the patch. The findings of this study allowed the authors to conclude that the [0°]8 sequence consistently offers the best performance, with the lowest J integral values and superior crack resistance. The lowest the J integral for the [0°]8 stacking sequence is typically 3-7% lower than that of the [0/-45/45/90]S and [0/-45/90/45]S sequences at elevated temperatures. At 60℃, the J integral increases by approximately 3-6% compared to 40℃ and 20, depending on the aging duration and stacking sequences.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2020

Life expectancy has dramatically increased around the world over the last few decades, and staying healthier longer, without chronic disease, has become an important issue. Although understanding aging is a grand challenge, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the degeneration of cell and tissue functions with age and its contribution to chronic disease has greatly advanced during the past decade. As our immune system alters with aging, abnormal activation of immune cells leads to imbalance of innate and adaptive immunity and develops a persistent and mild systemic inflammation, inflammaging. With their unique therapeutic properties, such as immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to be a promising source for treating autoimmune disease or as anti-aging therapy. Although direct evidence of the role of MSCs in inflammaging has not been thoroughly studied, features reported in senescent MSCs or the aging process of MSCs are associated with inflammaging; MSC niche-driven skewing of hematopoiesis toward the myeloid lineage or oncogenesis, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and weakening their modulative property on macrophage polarization, which plays a central role on inflammaging development. This review explores the role of senescent MSCs as an important regulator for onset and progression of inflammaging and as an effective target for anti-aging strategies.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2017

Physicochemical properties of Fujian Yongchun aged vinegar (FYAV) and Shanxi mature vinegar (SMV) were compared in terms of the fermentation methods applied and aging periods (3, 5, 8, and 10 years), and combined E-nose/E-tongue analyses were performed to assess their flavors. Compared with submerged fermentation-derived FYAV, solid-state fermentation-derived SMV showed higher values of pH, brix, soluble solids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, but not total acidity or total organic acids. Aging period resulted in an increase in pH, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Principal component analysis based on E-tongue/E-nose analyses was performed to distinguish between the vinegars produced by different fermentation methods and under aging periods. Solid-state fermentation and an aging process were considered good techniques for vinegar brewing, considering the various organic acids and high levels of total phenolics and antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.23-34
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• 2000

This paper reports the effects of curing temperature and aging on the strength and the modulus of elasticity. In oder to determine the strength and the modulus of elasticity with curing temperature and aging, experimental and analytical methods are adopted. The tests of 480 cylinders are carried out for type I, V and V with 15 percent replacement of fly ash cement concretes, which are cured at isothermal conditions of 10, 23, 35 and 5$0^{\circ}C$. and the concrete cylinders are tested at the ages of 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. According to the experimental results, the concrete subjected to high temperature at early ages attaines higher early-age compressive and splitting tensile strength but eventually attaines lower later-age compressive and splitting tensile strength. Even if modulus of elasticity has the same tendency, the variation of modulus of elasticity with curing temperature is smaller than that of compressive strength. Based on these experimental results, the relationships among compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and splitting tensile strength are proposed considering the effects of curing temperature, aging and cement type.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2017

In CPB(Cold-Pad-Batch) dyeing, the rubber of the padder roll is influenced by the heat, chemical and mechanical influences and thus aging of the padder roll rubber occurs. This study presents an accelerated thermal aging test of the CPB padder roll rubber with strong alkali conditions. Using Arrhenius formula of the various property values for the various aging temperatures($80^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$) of the padder roll, the accelerated life predictions could be calculated. The threshold value of the property was set at different values. The hardness was set at the point where 5% degradation occurs based on the actual use conditions, and the tensile strength was set at the point where 50% degradation occurs based on the general life prediction standards. From the results of the different physical properties at differing temperatures, the Arrhenius plot could be obtained. Through the usage of the Arrhenius Equation, significant duration expectation could be predicted, and the chemical aging behavior of the CPB padder roll could be found at the arbitrary and actual temperatures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.783-789
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• 2003

The winding problems of traction motor are the major determinant of motor's life. The root cause of winding failure is gradual deterioration of the insulation due to thermal, electrical, mechanical and environmental stresses. The aging of the insulation reduces the electrical and mechanical strength of the insulation. At same point, a voltage surge or mechanical shock from a traction motor start will fracture or break down the insulation. To achieve the expected life usually requires extensive laboratory evaluation of the insulation systems and the use of accelerated aging tests. There are several nondestructive test available for checking, the condition of motor insulation, the probable extent of aging, and the rate of which aging is taking place. So the insulation characteristics of stator coil were each analyzed by measurement of dielectric loss(tan$\sigma$), capacitance and partial discharge. The method of diagnosis is able to analyze the insulation condition and evaluate the life of the traction motor.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.3723-3729
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• 2010

We investigated the high-excitation voltage cathodoluminescence (CL) performance of blue light-emitting (ZnS:Ag,Al,Cl) and green light-emitting (ZnS:Cu,Al) phosphors coated with metal oxides ($SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, and MgO). Hydrolysis of the metal oxide precursors tetraethoxysilane, aluminum isopropoxide, and magnesium nitrate, with subsequent heat annealing at $400^{\circ}C$, produced $SiO_2$ nanoparticles, an $Al_2O_3$ thin film, and MgO scale-type film, respectively, on the surface of the phosphors. Effects of the phosphor surface coatings on CL intensities and aging behavior of the phosphors were assessed using an accelerating voltage of 12 kV. The MgO thick film coverage exhibited less reduction in initial CL intensity and was most effective in improving aging degradation. Phosphors treated with a low concentration of magnesium nitrate maintained their initial CL intensities without aging degradation for 2000 s. In contrast, the $SiO_2$ and the $Al_2O_3$ coverages were ineffective in improving aging degradation.