• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.195-208
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• 2008

In an emergency management case, evaluating the economic value of information technology investments is a challenging problem due to the effects of decision making, uncertainty of disasters, and difficulty of measurements. Risk assessment and recovery process, one of the major functions in emergency management, consists of (1) measurement of damages or losses, (2) recovery planning, (3) reporting and approving budgets, (4) auctioning off recovery projects to constructors, and (5) construction for the recovery. Specifically and of our interest, measurement of damages or losses is often a costly and time-consuming process because the wide range of field surveys should be performed by a limited pool of trained agents. Managers, therefore, have to balance accuracy of the field survey against the total time to complete the survey. Using information technologies to support field survey and reporting has great potential to reduce errors and lowers the cost of the process. However, existing cost benefit analysis framework may be problematic to evaluate and justify the IT investment because the cost benefit analysis often include the long-run benefit of IT that is difficult to quantify and overlook the impact of managerial control upon the investment outcomes. Therefore, we present an alternative cost-centric control model that conservatively quantifies all cost savings to replace benefits in cost benefit analysis and incorporate the managerial control. The model provides a framework to examine how managerial decision making and uncertainty of disaster affect the economic value of IT investments. The current project in Emergency Agency in South Korea is introduced as a case to apply the cost-centric control model. Our work helps managers to better evaluate and justify IT-related investment alternatives in emergency management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3159-3163
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• 2012

Background: For cervical cancer the epidemiological profile is poorly known in Morocco and no data is available concerning the direct medical costs. The purpose of this work is to estimate the direct cost of medical management of invasive cervical cancer during the first year after diagnosis in Morocco. Methods: The estimation of direct costs of medical management of invasive cervical cancer during the first year after diagnosis in Morocco is based on the estimation of individual cost in each stage which covers diagnosis, treatment and follow-up during first year. The cost was estimated per patient and whole cycle-set using the costs for each drug and procedure as indicated by the Moroccan National Agency for Health Insurance. Extrapolation of the results to the whole country was used to calculate the total annual cost of cervical cancer treatments in Morocco. Results: Overall approximately 1,978 new cases of cervical cancer occur each year in Morocco. The majority (82.96%) of these cases were diagnosed at a late stage (stageII or more). The cost of one case of cervical cancer depends on stage of diagnosis, the lowest cost is $382 for stageCis followed by the cost of stageIA1 for young women (< 40 years) which is $2,952. The highest cost is for stageIV, which is $7,827. The total cost of cervical cancer care for one year after diagnosis is estimated at $13,589,360. The share allocated to treatment is the most important part of the global care budget with an annual sum of $13,027,609 whereas other cost components are represented as follows: $435,694 for annual follow-up activity and $126,057 for diagnosis and preclinical staging. Conclusion: This study provides health decision-makers with a first estimate of costs and the opportunity to achieve the optimal use of available data to estimate the needs of health facilities in Morocco.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.53-60
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• 2017

Purpose - This paper analyzes the effect of the handset subsidy and the Mobile Number Portability subscriber subsidy regulation, which are the main regulation adopted in "Law on the Improvement of the Mobile Terminal Distribution System" (Mobile Terminal Distribution Act), on the social surplus, the consumer surplus and profits of telecommunications carriers. We focus our analysis on whether the service charge competition is stimulated enough so that it can compensate for the loss of subsidies. Research design, data, and methodology - We use simple economic model to assess the impact of the handset subsidy and the Mobile Number Portability subscriber subsidy regulation. Unlike the former researches on this topic, we depart from using Hotelling model, and instead use the switching cost model, which uses switching cost as a parameter of market powers of telecommunications carriers. We also study the effect of the two different regulations when they are adopted both independently and concurrently. Results - If the market powers of telecommunications carriers are over certain threshold, contrary to the regulatory agency's assertion, the service charge competition would not be stimulated enough to compensate for the deduction in the subsidies, and thus the consumer surplus is compromised. Number Portability subsidy, especially, undermines the rival's market power and thus reduces the service charge. On the other hand, the regulations will also increase the profits of telecommunications carriers. However, social surplus is maximized when both of the regulations are present because the regulations reduces the frequency of switching handsets inefficiently. Conclusions - In enacting the Mobile Terminal Distribution Act, the telecommunications regulatory agency asserted that the regulation on subsidies will stimulate service charge competition, and in the long run, enhance the consumer surplus. However, contrary to the regulatory agency's assertion, subsidy regulation, especially the regulation on Number Portability subsidy, reduces consumer surplus. On the other hand, the Mobile Terminal Distribution Act can also increase the profits of telecommunications carriers because it decreases competition among the telecommunications carriers. However, the Mobile Terminal Distribution Act can increase the social surplus because it reduces inefficient switching of handsets.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.61-78
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of cash holdings on internationalization of listed manufacturing firms. We explore moderating effect of managerial ownership between cash holdings and internationalization of firms. We analysed cross-sectional data of 645 listed companies from 2000 to 2013 using the fixed effects estimation. Empirical results showed that the there was a positive significant relation between cash holdings and internationalization of firms This study also found that managerial ownership have a significant negative moderating effects in the pathway between cash holdings and internationalization Cash liquidities can be rapidly induced internationalization. Managerial ownership increase agency cost, therefore, it might have a negative effects on internationalization These results suggest that agency cost with cash holdings is very important for cash management.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2023

Modeling and Simulation(M&S) technology has been widely used to solve constraints such as time, space, safety, and cost when we implement the same development and test environments as real warfare environments to develop, test, and evaluate weapon systems for the last several decades. The integration and test environments employed for development and test & evaluation are required to provide Live Virtual Construction(LVC) simulation environments for carrying out requirement analysis, design, integration, test and verification. Additionally, they are needed to provide computing environments which are possible to reconfigure computing resources and software components easily according to test configuration changes, and to run legacy software components independently on specific hardware and software environments. In this paper, an Integration Test and Simulation for Engagement Control(ITSEC) bed using a bare-metal virtualization mechanism is proposed to meet the above test and simulation requirements, and it is applied and implemented for an air missile defense system. The engagement simulation experiment results conducted on air and missile defense environments demonstrate that the proposed bed is a sufficiently cost-effective and feasible solution to reconfigure and expand application software and computing resources in accordance with various integration and test environments.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2002

According to this study, we can make the radiation check meter which have not supply because of high cost and import barrier and lengthen its life by means of repairing of radiation bomb and equipment. We can make better medical service. In my study, I used the photodiod, photoelectron, among semiconductor detectors which have a excellent detect capacity and are low cost and small size. I set up this equipment in June 1, 2002, used 640 mA remote operative fluorography equipment, which make the grade as capacity test. I used the standard measuring instrument which took proofs from a agency, now it was using in measuring agency. The comparative measuring instrument used in same condition. I took the standard which was gauged with a connecting measuring instrument. Using a existing unconnected measuring instrument, I compared the accuracy with new unconnected one. As a result, three score are within the standard. For the detailed analysis, I took the average of percentage average error. So standard instrument was -0.02, comparable was -0.22, and new one was -0.17. New one took a closer measured value with standard than comparable one. In more study, I think to take more accurate value. I expect that my study will be a base of measuring instrument, with low cost, supply of this instrument increase, I expect to decrease radiation bomb and maintain, repair and manager better.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2020

The main cause of DMSMS is the rapid replacement cycle and short life cycle of parts, according to the development of science, compared to the long life cycle of weapons systems. In particular, the problem of the supply and demand of such parts becomes even more acute during the operation maintenance phase after the mass production and power generation stage. To eliminate DMSMS problems that arise continuously from development to the operation of weapon systems and select the most cost-effective countermeasures to obsolescence, this paper suggests a standard to determine the appropriate time for quantitative performance improvement by conducting total life cycle cost analysis. For such purpose, this study examined the domestic and overseas cost analysis methods and applied it to single domestic weapon system to verify the research. This study responds to the issue of discontinuing components and helps reduce the total life cycle cost of military products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.651-662
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• 1996

A 15-week growth trial was conducted in flow-through aquarium system to develop practical feeds for growing Korean rockfish. Two replicate groups of the fish averaging 114 g were fed one of nine diets containing $45\~50\%$ crude protein from various practical ingredients such as fish meal, meat meal, feather meal, blood meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, and wheat flour with or without supplemental essential amino acids (EAA) or enzyme mixture. The dietary EAA were adjusted by considering EAA composition of each dietary protein source, A/E ratio (each essential amino $acid\times1000/total$ essential amino arid including Cys and Tyr) calculated using Ah composition of the Korean rockfish whole body and the EAA requirement of other fish. Results indicate that animal and plant protein sources could substitute for fish meal up to $50\%$ in the diets, and the supplementation of amino acids and enzyme mixture have no beneficial effects on fish performance. Fish growth, body composition, nutrient utilization, and cost of fish production are discussed in relation to nutritional values of the protein sources used in diets.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

This study aims to propose a method for the estimation of operational delay cost using transportation card data in bus accidents. Average operational delay time from bus accidents was surveyed among 12 bus companies through an interview method. Then, the operational delay cost was estimated using actual traffic accident data and transportation card data. Results showed that average loss time per bus accident was found to be 45 minutes. In addition, total occupancy of 659 was estimated for the accidents investigated using transportation card data, resulting a total loss time of 494.25 hours. An estimated operational delay cost was 186.9 thousand won per accident, which was 6.37% of social agency cost. The magnitude of this number implied that operational delay cost may have a significant impact on traffic accident cost if included.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.401-413
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to generate DSM using the stereo matching algorithm of worldview-1 stereo images and verify the accuracy of the generated DSM. To generate DSM, RPC block modeling was performed to correct RPC errors, and image matching was performed using SGM, which is a stereo matching algorithm after the epipolar image was generated. The COST for SGM was calculated by using CENSUS, and 4-paths and 8-paths were applied for COST aggregation in SGM. To verify the quality and accuracy of the generated DSM, it was compared with the LiDAR-derived DSM and the DSM generated by commercial SW. The results showed that the vertical accuracy of the generated DSM using 4-paths of COST aggregation was 1.647 m to 3.689 m (RMSE). In case of using 8-paths of COST aggregation was 1.550 m to 3.106 m (RMSE).