• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.311-324
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status of low income elderly women aged ${\geq}$65 years residing in Gyeongnam Masan (n=124). Nutrition intakes, food intake frequency, and health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, and exercise were investigated. Nutrition intake was calculated by the 24-hour recall method using CAN-pro (ver. 3.0). Average daily intakes of energy were $1,142.3{\pm}39$ kcal (71.4% of EER) in subjects aged 65~74 years and $1,071.0{\pm}41.7$ kcal (66.9% of EER) in subjects aged ${\geq}$75 years and the subjects consumed energy less than both 75% of estimated energy requirement (EER). The proportions of energy derived from protein, fat, and carbohydrate were 15.4:15.5:70.6 (aged 65~74 years), and 15.3:13.4:70.8 (aged ${\geq}$75). Nutrients consumed at less than estimated average requirements (EARs) were Ca (60.4%), P (98.4%), Zn (91%), vitamin E (48% of adequate intake, AI), vitamin $B_1$ (63.3%), vitamin $B_2$ (54%), niacin (87.7%), vitamin C (62.5%), and folate (50.5%). Especially, the intakes of Ca (58%), vitamin E (41% of AI), vitamin $B_1$ (60%), vitamin $B_2$ (50%), folate (46.5%), and vitamin C (54%) were 75% less than the EAR for people aged ${\geq}$75 years. According to the food intake frequency survey, the intakes of calcium, milk, fruits, and vegetables were very poor. In conclusion, this study suggests that a nutritional support program for elderly women of low socioeconomic class must be provided by the government to improve the quality of remaining life.

• Infection and chemotherapy
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.301-310
• /
• 2018

Backgroud: Influenza vaccination is recommended for adults aged ${\geq}65$ years as they are at high risk of significant morbidity and mortality. This open-label, multicenter, post-marketing surveillance study assessed the safety of the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated subunit influenza vaccine, which is marketed as $FLUAD^{(R)}$ and $VANTAFLU^{(R)}$, in South Korean subjects aged ${\geq}65$ years. Materials and Methods: Solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs) were collected from day 1 to 4 of the study. All unsolicited AEs and serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded from day 1 until study termination (day 29). Results: Of the 770 subjects enrolled ($FLUAD^{(R)}$, n = 389; $VANTAFLU^{(R)}$, n = 381), 39% overall experienced any solicited AE. Local AEs were reported by 33% of subjects overall; with the most common events being injection-site pain (30%) and tenderness (27%). Systemic AEs were reported by 19% of subjects overall with the most common events being myalgia (11%) and fatigue (8%). Conclusion: These results show that the MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine known as $FLUAD^{(R)}$ or $VANTAFLU^{(R)}$ had acceptable safety profiles in older adults (aged ${\geq}65$ years) in South Korea.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.250-259
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to confirm that calcium intake and healthy status play a role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, to assure that calcium intake and regular exercise are important in reducing serum lipid levels in middle-aged women. Daily nutrient intakes were analyzed by convenient method. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight and height and blood pressure were measured. The subjects divided into two groups : women in group I under 50 years of age($\leq$49 yr group) and those in group II 50 years up($\geq$50 yr group). Average ages of group I and II were 43.87 and 53.46 years. The nutrients intake of subjects were higher than Korean recommended dietary allowances(KRDA) except calorie, iron, calcium, vitamin B1. They showed significant difference each other in vitamin B2(p<0.05), calcium(p<0.01) intake. Mean daily calcium intake was 540.88mg in $\leq$49 yr group and 519.50mg in $\geq$50 yr group. The levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, Atherogenic Index(AI), LDL/HDL and Cardiac Index(CI) were increased with age. The triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and LDL/HDL in $\geq$50 yr group were significantly higher than those of $\leq$49 yr group. There was a highly significantly positive correlation between age and triglyceride, total cholesterol and Atherogenic Index(AI). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentration and Atherogenic Index(AI) were positively correlated with body weight and WHR(waist-hip ratio). Also ther was a significantly negative correlation between exercise and Cardiac Index(CI). Also a significantly negative correlation was found between Ca intake and LDL-cholesterol. Exercise and Cardiac Index(CI) also had a significantly negative relation. The results suggest that increased habitual physical activity and calcium intake should be recommended as a way of decreasing blood lipids and blood pressure in middle-aged women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.171-182
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 도시 저소득층 여성을 대상으로 비만 및 영양소 섭취 부족과 관련된 사회경제적 요인을 분석하고자 했다. 대상자는 저소득층 가구를 대상으로 한 무료건강검진센터를 방문한 여성 중 연구 참여에 동의한 $41{\sim}87$세 125명의 여성이었다. 대상자들의 72%가 초등학교 이하의 교육, 70%가 50만원 미만의 수입, 68%가 집을 소유하지 않고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자들을 65세 미만, 이상으로 나누어 봤을 때 65세 미만군의 비만유병율은 BMI (${\geq}\;25kg/m^2$) 기준으로 44%, WHR (${\geq}$ 0.85) 기준으로 48%, 허리둘레 (${\geq}$ 80 cm) 기준으로 50%이었다. 65세 이상군에서 는 이보다 높아 BMI (${\geq}\;25\;kg/m^2$) 기준 57%, WHR (${\geq}$ 0.85) 기준 81%, 허리둘레 (${\geq}$ 80 cm) 기준으로 79%였다. 대상자는 주로 채소류, 곡류, 과일류를 많이 섭취했다. 모든 대상자에서 열량 및 영양소 섭취 상태는 대체적으로 불량했고 특히 65세 이상 노인에서 더욱 불량한 것으로 나타나 여자노인에서 EAR을 충족시키지 못하는 비율은 철을 제외한 모든 영양소에서 50% 이상이었다. 대부분의 대상자들의 영양소 섭취량은 RI 수준에 미치지 못했고 그러한 사람의 비율은 65세 미만의 경우 단백질과 Vitamin $B_6$ 제외한 65세 이상에서는 모든 영양소에서 50% 이상이었다. 65세 미만에서는 비만 및 영양불량과 사회경제적 지표와의 관련성이 없었다. 그러나 65세 이상에서 비만의 경우 수입과 영양불량의 경우 학력과 집소유 여부와 관련이 있었다. 따라서, 65세 이상에서 연령을 보정한 후에, 사회경제적 수준에 따른 비만 및 영양부족의 위험도를 살펴본 결과, BMI 기준 비만의 위험도 (OR = 12.601; 95% CI = 2.338-67.911)와 WC 기준 복부 비만의 위험도(OR = 4.778; 95% CI = 1.103-20.696)는 월평균 가구 수입 50만원 미만인 군에서 그 이상인 군보다 높았다. 영양섭취불량의 경우, 교육 수준이 낮은 사람들 (무학)에게서 Vitamin A (OR = 4.555; 95% CI = 1.491-13.914)를 EAR보다 적게 섭취할 위험이 높았고 자기 집을 소유하지 않은 사람의 경우, 단백질 (OR = 3.660; 95% CI = 1.118-11.981), 인 (OR = 3.428; 95% CI = 1.157-10.158), 철분 (OR = 3.765; 95% CI = 1.205-11.766)섭취가 EAR보다 부족할 위험이 집을 소유한 사람들보다 높았다. 저소득층 노인여성에서 사회경제적 수준은 비만 (소득수준) 및 영양불량 [교육수준 (Vitamin A), 자가집 소유 여부(단백질, 인, 철)] 위험과 관련이 있는 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 이러한 여성들의 비만 및 영양불량을 예방하기 위한 노력이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.1182-1193
• /
• 2018

Background/Aims: Elderly patients (${\geq}80years$) with colorectal cancer (CRC) tend to avoid active treatment at the time of diagnosis despite of recent advances in treatment. The aim of this study was to determine treatment propensity of elderly patients aged ${\geq}80years$ with CRC in clinical practice and the impact of anticancer treatment on overall survival (OS). Methods: Medical charts of 152 elderly patients (aged ${\geq}80years$) diagnosed with CRC between 1998 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' clinical characteristics, treatment modalities received, and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results: Their median age was 82 years (range, 80 to 98). Of 152 patients, 148 were assessable for the extent of the disease. Eighty-two of 98 patients with localized disease and 28 of 50 patients with metastatic disease had received surgery or chemotherapy or both. Surgery was performed in 79 of 98 patients with localized disease and 15 of 50 patients with metastatic disease. Chemotherapy was administered in only 24 of 50 patients with metastatic disease. Patients who received anticancer treatment according to disease extent showed significantly longer OS compared to untreated patients (localized disease, 76.2 months vs. 15.4 months, p = 0.000; metastatic disease, 9.9 months vs. 2.6 months, p = 0.001). Along with anticancer treatment, favorable performance status (PS) was associated with longer OS in multivariate analysis of clinical outcome. Conclusions: Elderly patients aged ${\geq}80years$ with CRC tended to receive less treatment for metastatic disease. Nevertheless, anticancer treatment in patients with favorable PS was effective in prolonging OS regardless of disease extent.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제32권8호
• /
• pp.935-945
• /
• 1999

The factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) of 103 rural women aged 30 to 76 years were investigated. Data for food and nutrient intake was obtained by 24-hour recall method. BMD of lumbar spine(L1-L4), femoral neck, ward's triangle and trochanter was measured by XR-series x-ray bone densitometer. Serum was collected and analyzed for total Ca, P and ionized Ca (Ca++)content. Relationship between the factors and BMDs was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient(r) and multiple regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows. 50% of the subjects under 50 years of age($\leq$49 yr group) and 86.4% of the subjects from 50 up($\geq$50yr group) were classified as osteopenia or osteoporosis. Mean body weight, height and BMI were 153.1cm, 59.1kg and 25.0kg/$m^2$ in $\leq$49 yr group and 151.9cm, 55.9kg, and 24.2kg/$m^2$ in $\geq$50 yr group. BMDs of lumbar spines and femurs ranged from 0.84 to 1.05g/$m^2$ and from 0.67 to 1.16g/$m^2$ in $\leq$49 yr group, and ranged from 0.67 to 0.85kg/$m^2$ and from 0.68 to 0.44g/$m^2$ in $\geq$50 yr group, respectively. On the whole, the BMDs were reduced to 83.8 to 94.2% of peck bone mass in $\leq$49 yr group and 55.2 to 78.9% of those in $\geq$50 yr group. Mean daily intake of Ca was much less than the Korean RDA, \67.2% in $\leq$49 yr group and 62.3% in $\geq$50 yr group. The average concentration of total Ca, P and Ca++ in serum were within normal range in both age group. Both age and height were significantly related with BMD in both age group but the relationship tended to be stronger in $\geq$50 yr group than in $\leq$49 yr group. Body weight was also a potent determinant of BMD only in 50 yr group. In $\leq$49 yr group, total food intake was positively related with BMDs of ward's triangle, L1 and L2 and intake of cereals and grain products, sugars and sweets, milk and dairy products was positively related with BMDs measured in this study. On the contrary, intake of eggs, oil and fats were positively related with a few BMDs in 50 yr group. The BMDs were positively affected by intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, Ca, P and Fe in $\leq$49 yr group and those of protein, fat Ca, P, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C in $\geq$50 yr group. It was noteworthy that serum Ca++ concentration was positively related with BMDs of lumbar spine in boty age groups. According to multiple regression analysis, the four factors, age, body weight, height and BMI additionally accounted for 21% of the variance in BMD of trochanter in $\leq$49 yr group and only two factors, age and C a intake accounted for 38% of that of femoral neck in $\geq$50 yr group. Further investigation is necessary to make sure of the relations between BMD and serum Ca++ level.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.311-327
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to determine the health and nutritional risk factors associated with hypertension in Koreans over the age of 50 in a high-income class (more than twice as much family income as the 2005 Korean minimum cost of living, 668,540 Won). A total of 505 subjects aged over 50 from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were divided into two groups: A hypertension group (HG) (N=151, Systolic Blood Pressure ${\geq}$140 mmHg or Diastolic Blood Pressure ${\geq}$90 mmHg) and normal group (NG) (N=354). Subjects who took hypertension medicines or underwent diet therapy were excluded. In HG, mean daily alcohol intake and the amount of alcohol consumption per one occasion were significantly higher than in NG, respectively. A greater number of hypertension subjects answered that they drank alcohol to reduce stress as compared to normal subjects. HG also took fewer dietary supplements than NG. Mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood sugar level, and 2 hour postprandial blood sugar following a glucose load were significantly higher in HG than in NG, respectively. Also, iron, thiamin, and niacin intakes and the consumption frequency of seaweeds were significantly lower in HG than in NG, respectively. Finally, obesity (BMI ${\geq}$25 $kg/m^2$), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ${\geq}$90 cm for males, ${\geq}$ 80 cm for females), high blood sugar level 2 hours after an oral glucose load (${\geq}$140~200 mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (serum TG ${\geq}$200 mg/dl) were related to a significantly higher risk of hypertension in the subjects (odds ratio: 1.884~3.040). In conclusion, dietary factors such as higher alcohol consumption; lower intakes of iron, thiamin, and niacin; lower consumption frequency of seaweeds; and metabolic syndrome were associated with hypertension in the study subjects.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 2003

This study was to investigate the relation of nutrients intake, health status, and bone mineral density in middle-aged women. Daily nutrients intake were analyzed by convenient method. The BMD of subjects were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA). BMD was measured at the spine(vertebrae L2-L4) and femur(neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter). The nutrients intake of subjects were higher than recommended dietary allowances(RDA) except for calorie, iron, calcium, vitamin B1. Nutrients intake of vitamin A(p<0.05), iron(p<0.01), vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05), niacin(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05) between $\leq$49 yr group and $\geq$50 yr group. Mean daily intake of calcium was much less than the Korean RDA, 78.5% in $\leq$49 yr group and 77.3% in $\geq$50 yr group. 35.8% of the subjects under 50 years of age($\leq$49 yr group) and 77.4% of the subjects from 50 years up($\geq$50 yr group) were classified as osteopenia or osteoporosis. BMD of L2-L4 were positively correlated with height(p<0.05), weight(p<0.05) and BMI(p<0.05). BMD of femoral neck was positively correlated with BMI(p<0.05), BMD of Ward's triangle was positively correlated with weight(p<0.001). But BMD of L2-L4 and femoral neck were negatively correlated with age(p<0.05), menarche(p<0.05). BMD of Ward's triangle was negatively correlated with age(p<0.001). The BMD of L2-L4 were positively correlated with animal protein(p<0.05), calcium(p<0.05) and iron(p<0.05). The BMD of femoral neck was positively correlated with animal protein(p<0.05). The BMD of Ward's triangle was positively correlated with animal protein(p<0.001) and iron(p<0.001). The above results suggest that it should be difficult to prevent middle-aged women's bone destruction through nutrients intake. Further investigation is necessary to prove the mutual relations between BMD, exercise, and calcium intake. Therefore, middle-aged women will need proper exercise as well as Ca supplementation in order to prevent osteoporosis with aging.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제25권7호
• /
• pp.642-655
• /
• 1992

This study was designed to investigate the effect of nutrient intake on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine(L2longrightarrowL4) in 41 postmenopausal women. The BMD of the lumbar spine was positively correlated with caiorie protein animal protein fat animal fat calcium animal calcium milk ad dairy calcium phosphorus iron animal iron vitamin A thiamin animal calcium milk and dairy calcium phosphorus iron animal iron vitamin A thiamin riboflavin niacin and ascorbic acid intake. Postmenopausal wmen of BMD$\geq$100% showed enhanced calorie protein fat calcium phosphrous niacin intake compared women of BMD<100% In the group of calorie protein riboflavin intake$\geq$recommended dietary allowances(RDA) BMD was significantly higher than BMD in the group of these nutrient intakes$\geq$700 mg/d is significantly higher than BMD that of examined using stepwise multiple regression analysis. From this analysis in subjects aged 50~59 years fat intake only in subjects aged 60~69 years niacin intake Ca/P in total subjects fat riboflavin intake were signifiant independent predictors of BMD In the group of menopausal significant independent predictor of BMD This study suggests that dietary calcium is a major constituent affecting lumbar spin BMD in postmenopausal women whose menopausal period is over than 5 years.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.660-667
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week brisk walking and brisk walking plus diet program on C-Reactive Protein(CRP) in middle-aged obese hypertriglycemic($triglyceride{\geq}150mg/d{\ell}$) Korean women. Method: The subjects were 16 obese ($BMI{\geq}25$) hypertriglycemic middle-aged women (7 for brisk walking group, 9 for brisk walking plus diet group) who participated in a health promotion program at one public health center. Initially the brisk walking intervention consisted of walking for 20 minutes/day at an intensity of 40 to 50% of heart rate reserve(HRR) for 3 days/week and progressed to 50 minutes/day, 60 to 70% of their HRR, and 6 days/week. The diet intervention consisted of 60 minutes of group education and 20 to 30 minutes of individual counseling with a nutritionist every week. Data were analyzed with SPSS PC program. Results: There was no significant reduction in CRP levels in both brisk walking (Z=-1.70, p=0.088) and brisk walking plus diet group(Z=-0.31, p=0.752). In brisk walking only group, CRP levels were increased after the intervention. Conclusion: Brisk walking could increase the level of CRP when it is in the course of progression and diet could decrease the acute phase inflammatory response.