• 보건행정학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2015

Background: Initial treatment of acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) should not include antibiotics because most AURIs are caused by virus. However, the prescription rate of antibiotics in Korea is higher than in any other countries. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in Korea accelerated the emergence of antibiotics resistance and increased the social and economic burden. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors related to antibiotics use for the AURI among children-adolescents and adults. Methods: This study analyzed the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample data which was nationally representative sampling stratified by sex and age. Results: The influencing factors of antibiotics use for AURI are gender, age, types of medical security, primary disease, existence of concomitant disease, treatment seasons, first visit or revisit, indicated specialty, types of medical institution, and location of medical institution. Conclusion: The results showed health policy makers are required to place more efforts to resolve inappropriate antibiotics use. Especially they need to establish a health policy to reduce the gap between areas and specialties and recommend standardized clinical guidelines according to the subgroup code of AURI and the age group of patients.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2013

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance patterns have been studied with a total of 189 samples of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from diarrhea patients in Incheon from 2008 to 2012. Methods: Antimicrobial resistance tests were determined by Disc Diffusion method. Results: The serological distribution of Salmonella spp. showed 108 strains (30.1%) of S. Enteritidis, 81 strains (22.6%) of S. Typhimirium, eight strains (8.0%) of S. Typhi, 11 strains ( 3.1% ) of S. Paratyphi, and the 151 other strains (42.1%). The separation rate of Salmonella spp. by year showed 14.5% (52 strains) in 2008, 13.6% (49 strains) in 2009, 22.8% (82 strains) in 2010, 25.3% (91 strains) in 2011, and 23.7% (85 strains) in 2012. Additionally, the separation rate of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimirium in 2010 was the highest. The Salmonella spp. isolated from diarrhea patients showed significant differences according to age (p<0.05), gender (p<0.01) and medical institution (p<0.05). The highest resistance was found to the following antimicrobial agents: imipenem 77 strains, ampicillin 47 strains, ciprofloxacin 34 strains, nalidixic acid 29 strains for S. Enteritidis, and ampicillin 45 strains, nalidixic acid 45 strains for S. Typhimurium. Separated S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium resistance to the antibiotics by the year showed significant differences (p<0.05). The patterns of multidrug resistance rates were 43.1% (47 strains) for one drug, 8.3% (9 strains) for two drugs, 11.0% (12 strains) for three drugs, 15.62% (17 strains) for four drugs, and 13.7% (15 strains) for five or more drugs for S. Enteritidis. For S. Tyhpimurium, the rates were 15.0% (12 strains) for one drug, 10.0% (8 strains) for two drugs, 6.3% (five strains) for three drugs, 18.7% (15 strains) for four drugs, and 23.8% (19 strains) for five or more drugs. Conclusion: The antibiotic resistance issue is directly related to people's lives. Thus, the usage of antibiotics should be reduced in order to manage antibiotic resistance.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2006

Falls are a major sources of death and injury in elderly people. Aged-related changes in the physiological systems which contribute to the maintenance of balance are well documented in older adults. These changes coupled with age-related changes in muscle and bone are likely to contribute to an increased risk of falls in this population. Regular exercise may be one way of preventing falls and fall-related fractures. However, the optimal exercise prescription to prevent falls has not yet been defined. On the literature review of exercise intervention for fall prevention in the elderly, exercise appeared to be a useful tool in fall prevention by improving fall risk factors. The optimum exercise prescription; moderate intensity frequency of 3-4 times per week, duration of 30-60minutes can contribute to decreased hazards and number of fall. Fall prevention protocol should include safety, falling effect, enjoyment, and easiness to follow for older people. Effective exercise programs suggested for fall prevention were such as weight-bearing exercise, resistance exercise, lower muscle strength with elastic band, swiss ball exercise walking, tai chi, and yoga.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2022

Objectives: Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a core symptom in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The complexity of behavioral patterns has called for the creation of phenotypically homogeneous subgroups among individuals with ASD. The purpose of this study was 1) to investigate the different types of RRBs and 2) to explore whether subgroups created by RRBs would show unique levels of functioning in toddlers and young children with ASD. Methods: A total of 313 children with ASD, aged 12-42 months were included in the analysis. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised was used to obtain information on the different types of RRBs by grouping 15 items into six categories. The Vineland Adaptive Behaviors Scale, a parent-reported questionnaire, was used to measure adaptive functioning. A portion of the children were analyzed separately for verbal-related RRBs based on their expressive language level. Two-step cluster analysis using RRB groups as features was used to create subgroups. Analysis of covariance while covarying for age and language was performed to explore the clinical characteristics of each cluster group. Results: Sensory-related RRBs were the most prevalent, followed by circumscribed interests, interest in objects, resistance to change, and repetitive body movements. A subset of the children was analyzed separately to explore verbal-related RRBs. Four cluster groups were created based on reported RRBs, with multiple RRBs demonstrating significant delays in adaptive functioning. Conclusion: Heterogeneity of RRBs emerges at a young age. The different patterns of RRBs can be used as valuable information to determine developmental trajectories with better implications for treatment approaches.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2018

연구목적 본 연구는 한국 성인의 인슐린 저항성 정도와 우울감, 자살 생각, 스트레스 및 삶의 질 사이의 연관성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 방 법 제6기 3차년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 3,613명의 대상자를 선정하였다. 인슐린 저항성은 Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance를 통해 계산하였다. 우울감, 자살 생각, 스트레스에 대한 설문이 이루어졌으며, 삶의 질은 EuroQol-5 dimension의 삶의 질 지수를 통해 평가되었다. 분석 방법으로는 상관 분석과 회귀 분석이 사용되었다. 결 과 인슐린 저항성 집단에서 대조 집단에 비해 우울감과 자살 생각의 위험성이 유의하게 높았다. 스트레스는 남성에서만 인슐린 저항성 집단에서 위험성이 유의하게 증가하였다. 삶의 질 지수는 인슐린 저항성과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 나이, 성별, 체질량 지수를 보정하였을 경우에는 자살 생각에서만 위험성 증가가 확인되었다 결 론 한국 성인에서 인슐린 저항성이 우울증과 관련된 정신건강 문제들과 연관성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.579-587
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• 2023

In this study, rumen temperature and environment in estral and non-estral Korean Native breeding cattle were evaluated by using a bolus sensor. Behavioral and physiological changes in study animals were also assessed. To assess the rumen temperature and environment, we inserted bolus sensors into 12 Korean Native cattle with an average age of 35.5 months, then measured temperature and activity within the rumen using the wireless bolus sensor. Drinking, feeding and mounting behavior, and measured vaginal temperature and levels of intravaginal mucus resistance were recorded. We found that cattle in estrus exhibited more acts of mounting (37.4 vs. 0 times/day), increased vaginal temperature (39.0℃ vs. 38.4℃), and decreased vaginal mucus resistance (136.3 Ω vs 197.4 Ω), compared with non-estral animals. Furthermore, increased levels of rumen activity were most significant in estrus cattle at the highest activity levels (p < 0.01). Overall, the estrus group exhibited increased rumen temperature (p = 0.01), compared with the non-estrus group. In conclusion, the results of this study not only provide basic physiological data related to estrus in improved Korean Native breeding cattle, but also suggest that monitoring of rumen temperature and activity might be used as an effective smart device for estrus detection.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

Purpose: to compare cut off points corrected for age and gender (COOP) with fixed cut off points (FCOP) for fasting plasma insulin and Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for the diagnosis of IR in obese children and adolescents and their correlation with dyslipidemia. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study including 383 subjects aged 7 to 18 years, evaluating fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and lipid profile. Subjects with high insulin levels and/or HOMA-IR were considered as having IR, based on two defining criteria: FCOP or CCOP. The frequency of metabolic abnormalities, the presence of IR, and the presence of dyslipidemia in relation to FCOP or CCOP were analyzed using Fisher and Mann-Whitney exact tests. Results: Using HOMA-IR, IR was diagnosed in 155 (40.5%) and 215 (56.1%) patients and, using fasting insulin, 150 (39.2%) and 221 (57.7%), respectively applying FCOP and CCOP. The use of CCOP resulted in lower insulin and HOMA-IR values than FCOP. Dyslipidemia was not related to FCOP or CCOP. Blood glucose remained within normal limits in all patients with IR. There was no difference in the frequency of IR identified by plasma insulin or HOMA-IR, both for FCOP and CCOP. Conclusion: The CCOP of plasma insulin or of HOMA-IR detected more cases of IR as compared to the FCOP, but were not associated with the frequency of dyslipidemia. As blood glucose has almost no fluctuation in this age group, even in the presence of IR, fasting plasma insulin detected the same cases of IR that would be detected by HOMA-IR.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.247-261
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• 2021

본 연구는 제6기 2015년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 만 19-64세 한국 성인의 주요 식사 패턴을 도출한 후, 식사 패턴과 인슐린 저항성 간의 상관성을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상자의 식사 패턴을 요인분석 방법으로 분석한 결과, 'Healthy Korean meal pattern', 'Western meal pattern', 'White rice, alcohol, meat pattern'으로 나타났다. 'Healthy Korean meal pattern' 점수가 높을수록 연령이 높게 나타났으며, 식사 패턴에 따른 영양소 섭취량 분석 결과, 'Healthy Korean meal pattern' 섭취 점수가 높을수록 총 에너지, 탄수화물, 단백질, 비타민 A, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 인, 철, 칼륨, 식이섬유의 섭취가 유의하게 증가하였으며 'Western meal pattern' 섭취 점수가 높을수록 총 에너지, 단백질, 지방, 콜레스테롤의 섭취가 유의하게 증가하였고, 'White rice, alcohol, meat pattern' 점수가 높을수록 총 에너지와 나트륨의 섭취는 유의하게 증가하였고, 탄수화물, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 인, 칼륨, 식이섬유의 섭취는 유의하게 감소하였다. 식사 패턴에 따른 인슐린 저항성의 위험도를 분석한 결과 'Healthy Korean meal pattern'과 'Western meal pattern'은 인슐린 저항성과 유의한 연관성을 보이지 않았고, 'White rice, alcohol, meat pattern'은 인슐린 저항성의 위험도와 양의 연관성을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 'White rice, alcohol, meat pattern'의 식사를 많이 할수록 인슐린 저항성의 위험도가 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 단면연구라는 제한점이 있으므로 향후 식사 패턴과 인슐린 저항성의 상관성을 확인할 수 있는 전향적 코호트 등의 연구가 필요하다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2009

Snow molds are the most important winter diseases of turfgrass in the United States and Canada. Eight isolates of three snow mold fungal species (three isolates of Typhula ishikariensis, three of T. incarnata, and two of Microdochium nivale) were collected from infected turfgrasses on golf courses. The isolates were evaluated for their relative aggressiveness on three cultivars (L-93, Penncross, and Providence) of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) under the same controlled conditions. Four plant ages (15, 19, 23 and 27 week-old plants from germination to inoculation) were evaluated for their susceptibility to the three pathogens and for the recovery of the plants. Regardless of age or cultivar of the host plant, M. nivale was found to be more aggressive and faster to infect and colonize than Typhula species. After three weeks recovery, M. nivale-inoculated plants showed higher disease severity than plants inoculated with the two Typhula species. Plants infected by Typhula species displayed no significant difference in disease severity. As creeping bentgrass plants get older, the severity of disease caused by three snow molds gradually decreases. This effect was observed in all cultivars tested, suggesting expression of age-related resistance as the bentgrass plants matured.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.695-705
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• 1987

This report provides follow - up data on 37 patients, aged 7 days to 25 years [median: 6.5 months], who underwent repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection at Seoul national University Hospital between May, 1978 and June, 1987. The patients were 22 males and 17 females and the sex ratio was 1.6 to 1, showing a male predominance. Sixteen patients had supracardiac, 13 cardiac, 3 infracardiac and 5 had a mixed type. The duration of follow up was from 1 month to 60 months [median: 14 months] There were eight early and one late deaths, and the overall mortality was 24%. The deaths during 1 year of life were eight [89%] and only one death [11%] occurred above 1 year of age. The mortality of cardiac type was unusually high, accounting for 56 percent of the total death, which was probably due to the preoperative poor clinical condition such as pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure. The major cause of death was the perioperative myocardial failure, and the survival was closely related to the preoperative clinical status, age and moderately elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, the sign of the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary venous obstruction. Early diagnosis and early application of surgical intervention is essential to the improved postoperative survival