• 재활간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association among of Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), depression and isolation in disabled people. Method: The subjects consisted of 761 disabled people in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlational statistics. Results: There were significant differences in age, cause of disability, type of disability, degree of disability, education, job, perceived health condition, and economic status between disabled people with high and low levels of ADL and IADL. Depression showed significant differences in type of disability, degree of disability, education, job, perceived health condition, and economic state; isolation showed significant differences in age, cause of disability, type of disability, education, job, residence, perceived health condition, and economic status. A significant association was identified between depression and isolation (r=.69, p<.001). Conclusion: There was a high incidence of depression in disabled men with high levels of isolation and ADL and IADL dependence. An effort to increase disabled people's ADL, IADL, and independence levels is needed, and nursing interventions should be designed and tested to increase their community involvement and decrease the sense of isolation and depression.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.217-228
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• 1996

Infanthood is a crucial period when mental and emotional developments take place along with physical growth. Adequate supply of nutrition is essential during this period and there is an urgent need for proper education and guidance on balanced nutrition. Therefore, this study was designed to assess to current status of lactation and to investigate mothers' perspectives on human milk and formular milk. As random samples for this study, a total of 352 mothers having infant under the age of 4 were surveyed. 27.3% of mother surveyed were breast-feeding, 38.0% were formula-feeding and 34.7% were mixed-feeding. According to the result of this study, the percentage of breast feeding was on the decrease, while the dependence on formular milk was on the rise. The main reason of formula-feeding was insufficient secretion of human milk on mothers part. The major factors that affect to select feeding method were employment status, degree of education, family income and age. Also, the interviewees desired the product fortified with special ingredients that are hot contained in formular milk currently available in the market. The most concerned problem of formula milk was indigestion and the interviewees wanted the formular milk to be improved digestibility.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.252-265
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was attempted to provide basic data required to develop community-base rehabilitation program for disabled persons at home by investigating their characteristics. ADL, and perceived health status. Method: The subjects were 146 disabled persons at home in rural areas. Data were collected from January 22 to January 31, 2004. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, minimums, maximums, $\chi^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Contingency coefficient, Pearson's correlation, Stepwise multiple regression. Results: The average score of ADL was $5.51{\pm}1.92$: sphincter control $(5.85{\pm}2.10)$, communication $(5.66{\pm}2.02)$, transfers $(5.67{\pm}2.21)$, self care $(5.44{\pm}2.05)$, social cognition $(5.33{\pm}2.08)$, and locomotion $(4.85{\pm}2.32)$. This means that the respondents were in the state of dependence. The main items requiring others' help were 'bathing' (57.7%) and 'going up and down stairs' (51.1%) ADL was significantly different according to age, sender, occupation, medical fee payer, type, severity and duration of disability, BMI, and alcohol drinking. Among the respondents, 82.8% perceived that their health status was bad. Main factors influencing the perceived health status of disability were age and ADL$(R^2=.343)$. Conclusion: Perception of health status among the disabled is related to their characteristics and ADL, so it is necessary to develop community-base rehabilitation programs in order to improve ADL and the perception of health status.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

This study investigates drinking attitudes and behaviors of university students. The sample included 355 students living in Busan, Korea. The questionnaire addressed general background information (gender, age, grade and monthly pocket money), drinking attitudes (understanding the effects of alcohol on the body, stereotype of drink, age at the first drink, the drinking companion at the first drink, reasons for starting to drink, main drinking companions, major reasons for drinking, the history of drinking alone, and reasons for drinking alone), drinking behaviors (the cost of each drinking occasion, drinking amounts, the frequency of drinking, the frequency of heavy drinking, the type of alcoholic beverage, and the places of drinking). A few respondents (both male and female students) started drinking while in high school (p<0.05), and most respondents drank with friends (males: 91.0%, female: 92.2%). The main reasons for drinking were the mood for male student (46.3%) and relationships for female student (49.1%) (p<0.05). Male respondents consumed more than seven glasses of soju (39.9%), whereas female respondents, five to seven glasses (49.7%) (p<0.05). On average, the respondents drank one to two times a week (males: 47.9%, females: 51.5%) and experienced heavy drinking one to three times every three months (males: 19.1%, females: 21.0%) (p<.05). The results suggest that students with frequent alcohol consumption and heavy alcohol dependence are likely to face problems and thus require aggressive intervention strategies that target them specifically.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2020

Objectives: Few studies have been published regarding the relevance of the admission diagnosis to the smoking cessation rate. We studied smoking cessation rates in relation to admission diagnoses in our inpatient smoking cessation programmes. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients recruited into our inpatient smoking cessation programmes at 2 institutions in Singapore between June 2008 and December 2016. Patients were given individualized intensive counselling and were followed up via phone interviews for up to 6-month to assess their smoking status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse potential associations between admission diagnoses and 6-month abstinence. Results: A total of 7194 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 54.1 years, and 93.2% were male. In total, 1778 patients (24.7%) were abstinent at the 6-month follow-up call. Patients who quit smoking tended to be of Chinese ethnicity, have initiated smoking at a later age, be better educated, and have lower Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence scores. After adjusting for these factors, patients with a cardiovascular admission diagnosis had a significantly higher probability of quitting tobacco use than patients with a respiratory or other diagnosis. Conclusions: In patients acutely admitted to the hospital, a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease was associated with the highest quit rate. Smoking cessation interventions need to be incorporated into all cardiovascular disease treatment pathways to leverage the patient's motivation and to improve the quit rate. In addition, patients in groups with lower quit rates may benefit from more intensive programmes to increase the rate of successful cessation.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.69.2-69.2
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• 2011

The discovery of dark energy from Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) is based on the implicit assumption that the look-back time evolution of SN Ia luminosity, after light-curve corrections, would be negligible. A strong support for this assumption was the apparent insensitivity of SN Ia distances across the host galaxy morphologies. However, Hicken et al. 2009 (H09) shows a systematic difference in the Hubble residual (HR) of $0.144{\pm}0.070$ mag between the E-S0 and Scd/Sd/Irr galaxies, after light-curve corrections. If true, this indicates that the light-curve fitters used by the SN Ia community can not correct for the population age (and therefore the evolution) effect. In order to confirm this, we have combined nearby SN Ia samples and the first-year SDSS-II SN Survey. The SNANA package was used for analyzing SN Ia light-curve, both for the MLCS2k2 and SALT2 fitters. We find a systematic difference in the HR of $0.10-0.13{\pm}0.030$ mag between E-S0 and Scd/Sd/Irr galaxies, which is in agreement with the result of H09, but now at the 3-5 ${\sigma}$ level. Considering the significant difference in the mean age of stellar population between these morphological types, the difference in the HR reported here suggests that the evolution effect of SN Ia luminosity should be considered in the cosmological application of SN Ia data.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1285-1294
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the predictive value of aspects of the Transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavior change as applied to smoking cessation in a rural population. Method: A convenience sample was recruited from a public health center in a community. A total of 484 participants were recruited, including 319 smokers, 116 ex-smokers and 49 non-smokers. A cross-sectional and descriptive design was used in this study. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency statistics, ANOVA and Logistic regression. Result: The major findings were 1) The participants were assessed at baseline for their current Stage of Change resulting in a distribution with $42.1\%$ in Precontemplation, $24.1\%$ in Contemplation, $9.7\%$ in Preparation, $6.2\%$ in Active, and $17.9\%$ in the Maintenance stage. 2) There were statistically significant differences of processes of change, decisional balance and situational temptation across the stages of change. 3) The main factors that affect smoking cessation were age, number of years smoking, age when began smoking, self-liberation and negative/affective situations, which combined explained $33.2\%$ of the smoking cessation. Conclusion: TTM variables measured prior to a smoking cessation program added little predictive value for cessation outcome beyond that explained by demographic and smoking history variables.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate trends of smoking characteristics and to identify the relationship between smoking characteristics and obesity among military personnel in Korea. Methods: The study participants were 50,680 military personnel who participated smoking cessation clinic from January in 2009 to December in 2017(excluded in 2011). Obesity was defined as body mass index${\geq}25kg/m2$. Smoking characteristics was included cigarettes of smoked per day, age of initial smoking, smoking duration, and nicotine dependence. Binominal logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the relationship of smoking and obesity among military personnel. Results: The prevalence of obesity of study subjects was 20.4%. The military personnel were more likely to be obese if they who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day(adjusted OR 2.271, CI 2.027-2.545), who smoked for more than 10 years(adjusted OR 2.046, CI 1.820-2.299), and who smoked their initial smoking at later than 20 years(adjusted OR 1.357, CI 1.223-1.493). Conclusions: Obesity is closely related to cigarettes of smoked per day, age of initial smoking and smoking duration among military personnel. Thus, intervention included both smoking cessation and weight control are necessary for smokers with obese who are interested in losing weight among military personnel.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2019

Objectives: We aimed to compare preterm, neurodevelopmentally disordered and healthy full-term children. Methods: We enrolled 47 children who were born preterm, 40 neurodevelopmentally disordered children, and 80 healthy children as control participants, in order to assess the cognitive functioning and the risk of behavioral problems at the age of 5. Children were assessed using the Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-4th edition (K-WPPSI-IV), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: The mean K-WPPSI-IV score of the preterm group was $87.19{\pm}17.36$, which was significantly higher than that of the neurodevelopmental disorder group ($69.98{\pm}28.63$; p<0.001) but lower than that of the control group ($107.74{\pm}14.21$; p<0.001). The cumulative CBCL scores of the preterm children were not significantly different from those of the control group. Additionally, the TCI scores for reward dependence of the preterm children were higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: The cognitive performance of preterm infants was lower than that of healthy full-term infants at the age of 5, and there was an association between slower growth and decreased cognitive ability.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the fracture loads and modes of failure for the full range of natural teeth under simulated occlusal loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred and forty natural teeth were taken from mandibles and maxillas of patients. There were 14 groups of teeth with 10 teeth in each group (5 males and 5 females). Each specimen was embedded in resin and mounted on a positioning jig, with the long axis of the tooth at an inclined angle of 30 degrees. A universal testing machine was used to measure the compression load at which fracture of the tooth specimen occurred; loads were applied on the incisal edge and/or functional cusp. RESULTS. The mean fracture load for the mandibular first premolar was the highest (2002 N) of all the types of teeth, while the mean fracture load for the maxillary first premolar was the lowest (525 N). Mean fracture loads for the mandibular and maxillary incisors, and the first and second maxillary premolars, had significantly lower values compared to the other types of teeth. The mean fracture load for the teeth from males was significantly greater than that for the teeth from females. There was an inverse relationship between age and mean fracture load, in which older teeth had lower fracture loads compared to younger teeth. CONCLUSION. The mean fracture loads for natural teeth were significantly different, with dependence on tooth position and the sex and age of the individual.