• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.378-382
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• 1998

Agar hydorlysates or agarooligosaccharides from agar prepared by Cytophaga agarase showed eight spots on TLC plate and the degree of polymerization of the spots were in the reange of 2.5 - 6.5. Each component of the hydrolysate as tested the several functionalities such as antimicrobial activity, anticavity activity, and anticoagulant activity. The anticativity activity and anticoagulant acitvity were found in all fractions of hydrolysates and several spot on TLC, whereas the anticoagulant activity was very low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1548-1553
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• 2008

This study was concerning various physiological activities of agar hydrolysates. All agar hydrolysates showed strong antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Also, the agar hydrolysates prepared at the temperature of $110^{\circ}C$ or $120^{\circ}C$ showed antimicrobial activity against St. aureus and E. coli. Among the agar hydrolysates, several hydrolysates treated with citrate or malate at $110^{\circ}C$ or $120^{\circ}C$ conditions showed tyrosinase activity inhibition, and their inhibition rates of tyrosinase activity were about 80%. Some tested samples treated with 0.5% organic acid at $100^{\circ}C$ or $110^{\circ}C$ inhibited the growth of cancer cell. Two agar hydrolysates prepared with 0.5% citrate and lactate at $110^{\circ}C$ for $180^{\circ}C$ min had relatively high cancer cell growth inhibition among the tested samples. The agar hydrolysates treated with citrate and lactate at $110^{\circ}C$ for 180 min obtained the main peaks of six and seven from Sephadex G-15 column chromatography. Among the main peaks, the cancer cell growth inhibition of C-3 and L-3 fractions were higher than that of other fractions.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

Previously, agar obtained from Gelidum sp. has a small molecular weight and has the disadvantage of inherent viscosity properties and poor functionality as a dietary fiber. In order to improve aforementioned disadvantages, agar having a fluidity that can be added to food at a higher concentration that a powder agar having a gelling property at low concertation was manufactured. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of agar hydrolysates was evaluated to confirm their potential as a functional material. As a result, agar hydrolysates significantly reduced NO levels secreted by LPS-activated macrophages and inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2, which are inflammatory mediators that regulates NO secretion in macrophages. Furthermore, in in vivo zebrafish embryos model results demonstrated significant reduction of LPS induced NO production after the treatment of agar hydrolysate hydrolyzed for 360 min. In addition, ROS production and cell death by stresses were also reduced in LPS-exposed embryos after the treatment of agar hydrolysis product hydrolyzed for 360 min. Taken together, agar hydrolysate hydrolyzed for 360 min can be easily added into food due to their fluidity and used as a food ingredient that inhibits inflammation due to their anti-inflammatory property.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.364-369
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• 2005

This study was performed to elucidate substrate specificity to the locust bean gum galactomannan by Trichoderma harzianum ${\beta}-mannanase$. The medium composition for enzyme production were determined 3% cellulose, 3% corn steep liquor, 1% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.2% $(NH_4){_2}SO_4$, and incubated for 115 hr at $28^{\circ}C$. The ${\beta}-mannanase$ exhibited maximum activity at pH 4.5 and $60^{\circ}C$. Locust bean gum galactomannan was hydrolyzed by the ${\beta}-mannanase$, and then hydrolysates separated by activated carbon column chromatography. The main hydrolysates were composed of D.P 4 and 7 galactosyl mannooligosaccharides by TLC. For the elucidate the structure of D.P 4 and 7 oligosaccharides, methylation analysis was performed. D.P 4 and 7 were identified as M-M-M-M and M-M-M-M-M (G- and M-represent ${\alpha-1,6-D-galactosidic\;and\;{\beta}-1,4-mannosidic$ linkages, respectively). //G-G To investigate the effects of locust bean gum galactosyl mannooligosaccharides on the in vitro growth of B. longum, B. bifidum, B. infantis, and B. breve, Bifidobacterium spp. were cultivated individually on the modified-MRS medium containing carbon source such as D.P 4 and 7 galactosyl mannooligosaccharides, respectively. B. longum grew up 3.4-fold and 4.3-fold more effectively by the replacement of D.P 4 and 7 galactosyl mannooligosaccharides as the carbon source in a comparasion of standard MRS.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 1978

To study on the changes in saponins from callus mass by tissue culture, the callus was derived from the petiole of Korean Ginseng (Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer) and cultivated on Murashige and Skoog's agar medium supplemented with 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin for 8 months. Then, well-grown callus was analyzed for its components estimation. The results obtained are as follows: (1) When saponins isolated from callus mass were chromatographed on a silca gel plate, and determined by the thinchrograph TFG-10, the ratio of Rb, c to Rg(f) in saponins was 2.16 to 1 and Rb, c, d to Re, g (f) was 1 to 1.63, while in the case of saponins from the root of Panax Ginseng grown by soil culture, the ratio of Rb, c to Rg(f) was 1.03 to 1 and the ratio of Rb, c,d to Re, g(f) was 1 to 1.17. (2) Sapogenins were obtained from the hydrolysates of saponins, and determined by thinchrograph TFG-10. The ratio of panaxadiol to panaxatriol in sapogenins from callus saponins was 2.66 to 1, while the ratio of panaxadiol to panaxatriol in sapogenins from ginseng root saponins was 1.86 to 1. From the results above mentioned, we concluded that the relative contents of sapogenins in saponins from callus mass by tissue culture were different from those in saponins from ginseng root by soil culture.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1996

Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as primary causative agents of dental caries by insoluble glucan (IG) in human and experimental animals. An attempt was made to search for the ${\alpha}$-1,3 glucanase that degrades IG produced by S. mutans. ${\alpha}$-1,3 glucanase was detected in the culture supernatant of microorganisms, which are isolated from soils on agar medium containing IG as a sole carbon source. This Streptomyces sp. hydrolysed IG produced by immobilized S. mutans and was named as Y9373. This enzyme required ${\alpha}$-1,3 glucan (IG) as an inducer. The optimum conditions for enzyme production were studied. The enzyme was purified by 30~70% $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ precipitation, anion exchange chroma tography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sepadex G-75. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of 7840.0 U/mg protein giving 32.1-fold purification and final yield of 0.53%. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 22.5 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme reaction were 6.5 and 37$^{\circ}C$, respectively and the enzyme was relatively stable at the temperature below 60$^{\circ}C$. The activity of purified enzyme was enhanced by adding $Co^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ into the medium, whereas inhibited by adding $Hg^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}$ and SDS. The $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ value of ${\alpha}$-1,3 glucanase for IG were estimated to be 2.50 mM and 0.0431 mM/min, respectively. The thin layer chromatographic analysis of hydrolysates from IG with ${\alpha}$-1,3 glucanase showed that glucose was the main product of reaction. This enzyme activity was about 14 times higher than marketing dextranase as preventive agent against artificial dental caries by S. mutans in TH medium including 5% sucrose after 30 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2011

We isolated an endophytic actionmycete from root tissues of rice plant collected from paddy field near Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea. Surface sterilized roots were laid on the selective agar plates and incubated. The powdery actinomycete colonies appeared on the root surface after four weeks incubation. We isolated a strain JK-5 among them and could determine its taxonomical position as Streptomyces diastaticus subsp. ardesiacus by using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. The chemotaxonomical and morphological studies confirmed the taxonomical position of the strain JK-5. The shape of aerial hyphae was flexible and they contained spore chains with more than 30 smooth spherical spores per chain. Cell walls contained LL-diaminopimelic acid. There was no characteristic sugar in whole-cell hydrolysates. The major fatty acids were anteiso-15:0, anteiso-17:0 and iso-16:0. The specific menaquinones, MK-9 ($H_6$), MK-9 ($H_8$), were detected. The GC content was 72%. Antifungal activities of the strain JK-5 were relatively strong against fungal plant pathogens. The endophytic growth of the strain JK-5 was confirmed by SEM observation of the root and stem of the infected rice plant.