• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.149-150
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• 2019

When concrete is exposed to fire, the decomposition of Portland cement paste results in critical damage to the concrete structure of a building. However the recovery process of the damaged concrete structure has not yet been fully elucidated. In addition, research on appropriate additives such as carbon nanotube (CNT) and nanosilica has been increasing recently, however, investigation of CNT and nanosilica incorporated cement paste after decomposition of CNT by high temperature is not fully investigated. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties of CNT incorporated cement paste under different temperatures ($200^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$). Also, the effects of different rehydration conditions ($20^{\circ}C$ 60% RH and in water for different curing times) on the recovery of the paste were studied. The changes in tensile strength, surface observation of the specimens were characterized. In addition, the decomposition and formation of hydrates in the paste due to the heating process were studied using X-ray diffraction. The results showed that incorporation of nanosilica enhanced tensile strength after heating to each target temperatures.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.440-446
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to derive the conditions for manufacturing rice porridge with optimum properties after reheating. The characteristics of rice porridge according to the soaking time, water addition rate, heating temperature, heating time, and cooling conditions were compared using the 'Samkwang' cultivar. In Step I, as the heating temperature increased, the weight change decreased and the viscosity increased, and the temperature known as the main factor of the gelatinization also appeared to affect the viscosity increase. In Step II, the viscosity and the texture properties was not significantly different as the soaking time was reduced, and 10 minutes was suitable because of due to the shortening effect of the total process time. In Step III, the residual heat was lowered by cooling after the rice porridge production, so the viscosity could be greatly reduced. Also, it was confirmed that the water addition rate of 900% and the heating temperature of 15 minutes were optimal manufacturing conditions. The next study will investigate the porridge processability of rice cultivars using these results.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2010

EAF dust which is contained around 30% of zinc, 15% of iron and 3% of lead individually, is chemically treated by ammonium chloride, ammonia water, ammonia gas and carbon dioxide, and also tested and identified the ratios of the recovery of In by applied the variations of particle size, pH and heating temperature as well, in order to getting optimized recovery of the In metal after performing all of those processes. Experimental results showed that the rate of Zn recovery is 97% when the mixture of 1.3 of $NH_4Cl$/EAF is heated to the temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ and leached by water, and 95% recovery of In when ammonia gas and carbon dioxide is added simultaneously and adjust the 9.5 of pH to the same mixture above. For the purpose of remove the impurities in the mixed sample, which is prepared by the two samples, indicated above showing as the ratio of 95% and 97% recovery, in case of applied the cementation process to it, and also by electrolytic process, produced the In plate of 95~97%, and acquired 99-99.5% of In metal ingot finally by applied the heating process at $470{\sim}500^{\circ}C$.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2021

Complicated residual stress distributions occur in the vicinity of a deposited region via directed energy deposition (DED) process owing to the rapid heating and cooling cycle of the deposited region and the substrate. The residual stress can cause defects and premature failure in the vicinity of the deposited region. Several heat treatment technologies have been extensively researched and applied on the part deposited by the DED process to relieve the residual stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the residual stress characteristics of a specimen fabricated by DED and a quenching process using thermomechanical analyses. A coupled thermomechanical analysis technique was adopted to predict the residual stress distribution in the vicinity of the deposited region subsequent to the quenching step. The results of the finite element (FE) analyses for the deposition and the cooling measures show that the residual stress in the vicinity of the deposited region significantly increases after the completion of the elastic recovery. The results of the FE analyses for the heating and quenching stages further indicate that the residual stress in the vicinity of the deposited region remarkably increases at the initial stage of quenching. In addition, it is observed that the residual stress for quenching is lesser than that after the elastic recovery, irrespective of the deposited material.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 식품의 가공이나 조리 시 빈번히 적용되는 가열처리에 의한 심황색소의 화학안정성, 산화방지활성 및 세포독성의 변화를 조사하였다. $95^{\circ}C$에서 각 시간별로 가열처리한 심황색소는 가열시간이 증가할수록 발색도가 감소하였으며, 형광도는 초기 가열 시에 증가하다 감소하는 양상을 보였다. HPLC 분석 결과 3종의 쿠쿠미노이드 중 쿠쿠민이 가열처리에 가장 민감하였으며 BMC가 가장 안정하였다. 가열 처리 후의 심황색소에 의해 ABTS 라디칼, AAPH peroxyl 라디칼 및 아질산염 소거활성이 증가하였으나, DPPH 라디칼 소거활성에는 변화가 없었다. 가열처리 시간의 증가에 따라 심황색소로 부터의 $H_2O_2$ 생성능이 증가한 반면, 정상장관계 세포 INT 407 및 대장암 세포 HCT 116를 대상으로 한 세포독성평가에서는 가열처리 후 심황색소의 활성이 유의적으로 약화되었다. 본 연구결과는 다양한 가공식품에 첨가되는 심황색소의 화학안정성 및 생리활성이 가열처리에 의해 크게 영향을 받으며, 생리활성 증진을 목적으로 첨가되는 심황색소에 이러한 가열처리 효과가 고려되어야 함을 시사한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.915-924
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• 2016

After a severe accident to the nuclear reactor, the in-vessel retention strategy is a key way to prevent the leakage of radioactive material. Nanofluid is a steady suspension used to improve heat-transfer characteristics of working fluids, formed by adding solid particles with diameters below 100nm to the base fluids, and its thermal physical properties and heat-transfer characteristics are much different from the conventional working fluids. Thus, nanofluids with appropriate nanoparticle type and volume concentration can enhance the heat-transfer process. In this study, the moving particle semi-implicit method-meshless advection using flow-directional local grid method is used to simulate the bubble growth, departure, and sliding on the downward-facing heating surface in pure water and nanofluid (1.0 vol.% $Al_2O_3/H_2O$) flow boiling processes; additionally, the bubble critical departure angle and sliding characteristics and their influence are also investigated. The results indicate that the bubble in nanofluid departs from the heating surface more easily and the critical departure inclined angle of nanofluid is greater than that of pure water. In addition, the influence of nanofluid on bubble sliding is not significant compared with pure water.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.503-512
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• 2018

Globally there is an increasing need to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and increase the use of renewable sources of energy. The storage of solar thermal energy is a crucial aspect for implementing the solar energy for space heating in high latitudes, where solar insolation is high in summer and almost negligible in winter when the domestic heating demand is high. To use the solar heating during winter thermal energy storage is required. In this paper, equations representing the single U-tube heat exchanger are implemented in weak form edge elements in COMSOL Multiphysics(R) to speed up the calculation process for modelling of a borehole storage layout. Multiple borehole seasonal solar thermal energy storage scenarios are successfully simulated. After 5 years of operation, the most efficient simulated borehole pattern containing 168 borehole heat exchangers recovers 69% of the stored seasonal thermal energy and provides 971 MWh of thermal energy for heating in winter.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1998

마의 껍질을 제거하거나 상처가 생겼을 때 발생하는 갈변현상을 억제할 수 있는 방법을 개발코자 실험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 마는 박피후 시간이 경과할수록 갈변지수가 높아지는 경향를 보여 박피 후 15시간에 갈변지수가 장마는 38까지 증가한 반면 단마는 13이 었으며 이로서 장마가 단마보다 갈변이 빠르게 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 2. 장마의 경우 NaCl 2M 처리시 갈변억제율이 48시간에 48%로 가장 높았고 특히 $80^{\circ}C$ 온탕처리의 경우 24시간까지 높은 억제율을 보였으나 이후 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 3. NaCl 1M 처리시 단마의 갈변은 43% 정도 억제 되었으나 NaCl 0.5M과 $70^{\circ}C$ 온탕처리는 비슷한 억제현상을 보였다. 그러나 $60^{\circ}C$ 온탕처리는 무처리보다 더 높은 갈변지수를 나타내었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.548-554
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• 2004

슬러리 발포법을 이용하여 다공성 실리카 지지체를 제조하였으며, 지지체 표면에 졸-겔법을 이용하여 TiO$_2$을 코팅하였다. TiO$_2$ 코팅층에 대한 XRD, SEM 및 BET 측정 결과, 열처리 온도가 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 TiO$_2$의 anatase 결정상이 나타나기 시작하여, $700^{\circ}C$에서 그 피크가 최대가 되었다. 이 때 결정 성장한 TiO$_2$ 입자의 크기는 약 1$mu extrm{m}$ 정도로 판명되었다. 또한, 촉매지지체로 활용성을 검토하기 위해 TiO$_2$코팅 전후로 지지체의 굽힘 강도와 기체 투과율을 측정하였다. 강도의 경우, 코팅 전 2.4 MPa에서 이후 3.9∼4.3MPa로 증가하였으나 열처리 온도의 영향에 의한 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 한편, 투과율은 코팅 전 770${\times}$$10^{-13}$ $m^2$에서 코팅 후 363${\times}$$10^{-13}$ $m^2$로 감소하였고 열처리 온도의 증가와 함께 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.676-681
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• 2007

According to progress rapidly digitalization, networked and mobilization of electronics industry, there are demands for being smaller, thinner, more light, and more efficient complex functions of electronic devices which are wireless devices, semi-conductors, packages and mobile devices. Therefore, the solder resist on a printed circuit board have been required with the high resolution and the eco-friendly materials in the surface treatments such as high heating process and coating process with electrolysis. In this study, the photoinitiator initiator and monomers of the solder resist were prepared with their contents for reducing the occurrence of the under-cut. We investigated the sample surface by UV/VIS spectrometer, FT-IR, OM after HASL and ENIG process. From our results, it is possible to get a high adhesion of resist with optimal contents between the photoinitiator initiator and monomers after surface treatments.