• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.402-412
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• 2013

Background: Moderate and severe hypothermia with cardiopulmonary bypass during aortic surgery can cause some complications such as endothelial cell dysfunction or coagulation disorders. This study found out the difference of vascular reactivity by phenylephrine in moderate and severe hypothermia. Methods: Preserved aortic endothelium by excised rat thoracic aorta was sectioned, and then down the temperature rapidly to $25^{\circ}C$ by 15 minutes at $38^{\circ}C$ and then the vascular tension was measured. The vascular tension was also measured in rewarming at $25^{\circ}C$ for temperatures up to $38^{\circ}C$. To investigate the mechanism of the changes in vascular tension on hypothermia, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME) and indomethacin administered 30 minutes before the phenylephrine administration. And to find out the hypothermic effect can persist after rewarming, endothelium intact vessel and endothelium denuded vessel exposed to hypothermia. The bradykinin dose-response curve was obtained for ascertainment whether endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor involves decreasing the phenylnephrine vascular reactivity on hypothermia. Results: Fifteen minutes of the moderate hypothermia blocked the maximum contractile response of phenylephrine about 95%. The vasorelaxation induced by hypothermia was significantly reduced with L-NAME and indomethacin administration together. There was a significant decreasing in phenylephrine susceptibility and maximum contractility after 2 hours rewarming from moderate and severe hypothermia in the endothelium intact vessel compared with contrast group. Conclusion: The vasoplegic syndrome after cardiac surgery might be caused by hypothermia when considering the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine was decreased in the endothelium-dependent mechanism.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2017

Purpose: Obstructive and inflammatory disease often occurs in the major salivary glands, and no predictive treatment has yet been developed for this condition. The aim of this report was to introduce an intraductal irrigation procedure and to illustrate its application to practical patient cases. Materials and Methods: Two patients complaining of pain and swelling in the parotid gland during meals who underwent sialography were diagnosed as having sialodochitis with sialadenitis. Intraductal irrigation was then performed on the parotid gland on the side of the complaint. The irrigation procedure was conducted in the same manner as the sialography procedure, except that saline was used as the filling solution. Symptom severity was evaluated with a numerical rating scale (NRS) at the initial visit and a month after the irrigation. Results: The initial NRS value of patient 1 was 10. The value decreased to 6 and then to 0 after 2 irrigation procedures. The NRS value of patient 2 regarding the symptoms involving the left parotid gland decreased from 4-5 to 1 after 4 irrigation procedures performed at 1-month intervals. Conclusion: Intraductal irrigation of the salivary gland may be a simple, safe, and effective treatment option for patients with obstructive and inflammatory disease of the salivary gland that is capable of resolving their symptoms.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2016

Purpose: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between the circulating lymphocyte subpopulation counts during preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and tumor response in locally advanced rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: From August 2015 to June 2016, 10 patients treated with preoperative CRT followed by surgery were enrolled. Patients received conventional fractionated radiotherapy (50.4 Gy) with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Surgical resection was performed at 4 to 8 weeks after the completion of preoperative CRT. The absolute blood lymphocyte subpopulation was obtained prior to and after 4 weeks of CRT. We analyzed the association between a tumor response and change in the lymphocyte subpopulation during CRT. Results: Among 10 patients, 2 (20%) had evidence of pathologic complete response. In 8 patients with clinically node positive, 4 (50%) had nodal tumor response. All lymphocyte subpopulation counts at 4 weeks after CRT were significantly lower than those observed during pretreatment (p < 0.01). A high decrease in natural killer (NK) cell, count during CRT (baseline cell count - cell count at 4 weeks) was associated with node down staging (p = 0.034). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the change of lymphocyte subset to preoperative CRT may be a predictive factor for tumor response in rectal cancer.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.385-395
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• 2015

CPR education to school students is one of the key points to higher bystander CPR rate. The object of this study is to evaluate the results after CPR education to middel school students by health teachers compared to that of pre-education status. During 3 monthes from Mar. to Jun. 2014, the observation data before and after CPR education were analysed through Chi-square test and McNemar's test using SPSS, SAS programs from 812 middle school students in Busan prov. After stratifying those surveyed by genders and previous CPR education experiences, each stratified groups showed positive changes of statistical significnace in all aspects of the knowledge, will, and self-confidence about CPR. (p<0.05). It is the more desirable method to increase bystander CPR that the CPR education including knowledge and practice was done to middle school students by health teachers. To come true these CPR education, more studies are necessary about policy development to support education tranining tools in a community.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.218-228
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• 2007

Modem concepts of gait rehabilitation after stroke favor a task-specific repetitive approach. In practice, the required physical effort of the therapists limits the realization of this approach. Therefore, a mechanized gait trainer enabling nonambulatory patients to have the repetitive practice of a gait-like movement without overstraining therapists was constructed. In this study, we developed an active gait training system for patients with gait disorder. This system provides joint movements to patients who cannot carry out an independent gait. It provides a normal stance-swing ratio of 60:40 using an eccentric configuration of two gears. Joint motions of the knee and the ankle were evaluated with using the 3D motion analysis system and compared with the results from the multi-body dynamics simulation. In addition, clinical investigations were also performed for low stroke patients during the 6-week gait training. Results from the dynamics simulation showed that joint movements of the knee and the ankle were affected by the gear size, the step length and the length of the foot plate, except the radius of curvature of the foot guide plate. Also, the 6-week gait training revealed relevant improvements of the gait ability in all low subjects. Functional ambulation category levels of subjects after training were 2 in three patients and 1 in a patient. The developed active gait trainer seems feasible as an adjunctive tool in gait rehabilitation after stroke.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.235-246
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to report the effects of acupuncture on the patients with severe acute musculoskeletal pain transferred from emergency department(ED). Methods : Three patients were transferred from ED of western medicine, and treated with Korean medicine treatments composed of acupuncture mainly and cupping, herbal steaming, and herbal decoction additionally. Results : All patients showed pain-reduction and relaxation both physically and mentally immediately after the first acupuncture treatment. In cases 1 and 2, the pain numerical rating scale(NRS) decreased after the day of admission from 8 to 4 and 10 to 2, respectively. In case 3, pain NRS also gradually decreased from 8 to 4 after three days. Conclusion : Acupuncture was effective for immediate pain reduction in patients with severe acute musculoskeletal pain transferred form ED. Further studies are warranted to confirm the immediate pain-reduction effect of acupuncture on acute musculoskeletal patients visiting or transferred from ED.

• Carbon letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-57
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• 2013

The development of hollow carbon balls by $CO_2$ oxidation of two types of carbon blacks was studied. Super P (SP) and Denka Black (DB) were used for this study. Specific surface area (SSA), structural parameters, and microstructures were examined using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller apparatus, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The SSAs of both oxidized carbon blacks increased after oxidation. The SSAs of raw DB and SP were 73 $m^2/g$ and 60 $m^2/g$, respectively. Maximum SSAs of oxidized DB and SP were 152 $m^2/g$ and 253 $m^2/g$, respectively. The $d_{002}$ of DB and SP showed almost no change after oxidation. The Lc of raw DB ($38{\AA}$) and SP ($19{\AA}$) increased with increasing weight loss. The $L_c$ of SP increased up to $254{\AA}$ at 96% weight loss. The SSA increased about twice in DB (148 $m^2/g$) and about four times in SP (254 $m^2/g$) after 3 h oxidation compared with the original carbon blacks. Through TEM observation the outer parts of the oxidized carbon blacks showed a rigid shell structure and the inner parts looked empty. Generally it looked like an angular soccer ball, so we named it 'hollow carbon ball'. It is expected that the hollow carbon ball can be used as catalyst supports.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

Fixed dental prostheses such as inlay, onlay, crown, and bridge fabricated by CAD/CAM technique combined with digital impressions is getting popular due to the recent rapid progress of digital impression taking system. For the scope of implant prosthesis, however, digital intra-oral scan hasn't been actively utilized for the fabrication of superstructures. In this case report, 6 cases of titanium-milled custom abutment based on the iTero intra-oral scan data were introduced, five of them were restored with screw-type prosthesis after cementation (SCRP) and the clinical results were satisfactory on restoring the function and esthetics.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.6
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• pp.536-544
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• 2009

Background: A combination of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate (SFC) and tiotropium bromide (TIO) is commonly prescribed for COPD patients but there is little data on their effectiveness, particularly in COPD patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This study compared the spirometric improvement based on the change in $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, and IC as well as the clinical outcomes of the therapeutic strategies with SFC and TIO versus the individual components in patients with severe COPD and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Methods: This study examined the spirometric data and clinical outcomes of 214 patients with COPD and hyperresponsiveness, who were divided into three groups according to the therapeutic regimen (TIO only, SFC only, and a triple therapy regimen). Results: All regimen groups showed early improvement in the $FEV_1$ and IC (at 3- and 6 months after treatment). However, long-term beneficial effects were observed only in the SFC group (at 24 months after treatment). However, these beneficial effects decreased after a 36-month follow up. In all spirometric results, the 12-, 24-, and 36-months data showed a similar degree of improvement in the three groups. The triple therapy group showed higher St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores and lower acute exacerbations and hospitalization. Conclusion: SFC can be a more important component in the pharmacological treatment of severe COPD patients with hyperresponsiveness than TIO, particularly in the spirometric and clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2010

Objective : Cerebral aneurysms which cause oculomotor nerve [cranial nerve (CN) III] palsy, are frequently found with a daughter sac of the aneurysm dome. We assumed that CN III might be compressed by the daughter sac and it would be more helpful not to fill the daughter sac with coils than vice versa during endosaccular embolization for recovering from CN III palsy, because it may give a greater chance for the daughter sac to shrink by itself later. We reviewed the initial results of our experiences of such cases. Methods : Among 9 aneurysms accompanied by CN III palsy, 7 (6 unruptured, 1 ruptured) showed a daughter sac. We tried to fill the main dome completely and spare the daughter sac from coil filling to increase the possibility of decompression. We evaluated the short-term effectiveness of this concept using medical records and angiograms. Results : After initial embolization, all of CN III palsy caused by unruptured aneurysms (6/6) resolved completely after various periods (3-90 days) of time. No adverse effects were noted during and after the procedures except for one case of harmless coil stretching during coil filling using double microcatheter. Conclusion : During the coil embolization of the cerebral aneurysm causing CN III palsy, sparing the daughter sac from coil packing while tightly packing the main dome, can be helpful in increasing the effectiveness of decompression. However, a long-term follow-up will be required.