• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.646-654
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of the elementary school students' interests to animals and plants based on affinity toward animals and plants, and curiosity about animals and plants by using a cluster analysis. In addition, the differences of the big five personality traits by the identified clusters was examined. A total number of 411 elementary school students participated in the study. The students were clustered into four distinct interest groups with respect to the level of interests to animals and plants. Cluster 1 'Developed Interest to Organisms group' showed high levels in the interest to both animals and plants. Cluster 2 'Developed Interest to Animals group' showed high interest to animals and relatively low interest to plants whereas cluster 3 'Developed Interest to Plants group' showed high interest to plants and relatively low interest to animals. Lastly, cluster 4 were identified as 'Lack of Interest to Organisms group' by showing low levels of interest to both animals and plants. The four identified groups also showed different distributions of students according to gender and school year. These results support gender difference in the interest to animals and plants and suggest the decreased and specialized interest with school year. The Big Five personality traits excluding neuroticism were positively related with the interest to organisms and the identified groups showed significant differences in the traits. These findings indicate that agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness can be significant predictors of the interests to animals and plants.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 1979

The present study was carried out to estimate the comparative effects of hydroponic heavy metals (Al, Cd, Hg, and Pb) on ATP content in plant leaves grown with Hoagland solution under green house condition. The two plants, kidneybean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum M nch), showed similar inhibitory effect of heavy metals on ATP content in order of Hg, Cd, Pb, and Al. But the overall inhibitory effect was greater in kidneybean than in buckwheat. The affinity of heavy metals, in vitro, toward the enzyme (luciferin-luciferase) is in order of Hg, Al, Cd, and Pb, similar to that toward ATP. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of heavy metals on ATP hydrolysis is mainly due to the coordination of heavy metals with enzyme than ATP.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.483-491
• /
• 2021

Two putative genes, lip29 and est29, encoding lipolytic enzymes from the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus thermocatenulatus KCTC 3921 were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant Lip29 and Est29 were purified 67.3-fold to homogeneity with specific activity of 2.27 U/mg and recovery of 5.8% and 14.4-fold with specific activity of 0.92 U/mg and recovery of 1.3%, respectively. The molecular mass of each purified enzyme was estimated to be 29 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The alignment analysis of amino acid sequences revealed that both enzymes belonged to GDSL lipase/esterase family including conserved blocks with SGNH catalytic residues which was mainly identified in plants before. While Est29 showed high specificity toward short-chain fatty acids (C4-C8), Lip29 showed strong lipolytic activity to long-chain fatty acids (C12-C16). The optimal activity of Lip29 toward p-nitrophenyl palmitate as a substrate was observed at 50℃ and pH 9.5, respectively, and its activity was maintained more than 24 h at optimal temperatures, indicating that Lip29 was thermostable. Lip29 exhibited high tolerance against detergents and metal ions. The homology modeling and substrate docking revealed that the long-chain substrates showed the greatest binding affinity toward enzyme. Based on the biochemical and insilico analyses, we present for the first time a GDSL-type lipase in the thermophilic bacteria group.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.511-516
• /
• 2007

A glutathione S-transferase (GST) related to the phi (F) class of enzymes only found in plants has been cloned from the Oryza sativa. The GST cDNA was cloned by PCR using oligonucleotide primers based on the OsGSTF5 (GenBank Accession No. $\underline{AF309382}$) sequences. The cDNA was composed of a 669-bp open reading frame encoding for 223 amino acids. The deduced peptide of this gene shared on overall identity of 75% with other known phi class GST sequences. On the other hands, the OsGSTF5 sequence showed only 34% identity with the sequence of the OsGSTF3 cloned by our previous study (Cho et al., 2005). This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli with the pET vector system and the gene product was purified to homogeneity by GSH-Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The expressed OsGSTF5 formed a homo-dimer composed of 28 kDa subunit and its pI value was approximately 7.8. The expressed OsGSTF5 displayed glutathione conjugation activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane and glutathione peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide. The OsGSTF5 also had high activities towards the herbicides alachlor, atrazine and metolachlor. The OsGSTF5 was highly sensitive to inhibition by S-hexylGSH, benastatin A and hematin. We propose from these results that the expressed OsGSTF5 is a phi class GST and appears to play a role in the conjugation of herbicide and GPOX activity.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.96-106
• /
• 1984

Changes in weed floras and development of plant resistance to herbicides seemed to be closely related with increased and repeated use of herbicides. Herbicide use increased from 5% of the total consumption of pesticide in 1950 to 45% in 1976 in world basis. About 200 herbicides have been introduced to agriculture so as to control about 206 weed species which have been recorded important to human beings. In Korea, there was about 351 times in increased use of herbicides from 1966 to 1982. Interspecific selection by herbicide is mainly responsible for changes in weed floras and resulted in varying tolerance or susceptibility to herbicides, together with the changes of agricultural practices. The present trend toward continuous cereal cultivation throughout world will lead to type of changes in weed floras favorable to therophyte which can survive under unfavorable conditions as seeds rather than the types of geophyte which can survive unfavorable seasons as buds placed below soil surface. However, geophyte such as Sagitaria pygmaea, and Scirpus jurtcoides, and Cyperus rotundus and Cynodon dactylon in temperate warm climate become severe paddy weeds, presumably because of the removal of annual weeds by herbicides. Since differential tolerance to 2,4-D was firstly reported in Agrostis stolofera, about 30 species of weeds in 18 genera are presently known to have developed resistance to triazine herbicides. Resistance of weed biotypes to triazine herbicide is not mainly due to limited absorption and translocation or to the difference in metabolism, but is the result of biochemical changes at the site of metabolic activity, such as a loss of herbicide affinity for triazine binding site in the photosystem II complex of the chloroplast membrane. Genetical study showed that plastid resistance to triazine was wholly inherited through cytoplasmic DNA in the case of Brassica campestris. Plant tissue culture method can be utilized as an alternate mean of herbicide screening and development of resistance variants to herbicides as suggested by Chaleff and Parsons. In this purpose, one should be certain that the primary target process is operational in cell culture. Further, there are a variety of obstacles in doing this type of research, particularly development of resistance source and it's regeneration because cultured cells and whole plants represent different developmental state.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.283-309
• /
• 2001

분류학적으로 어려움이 있는 고로쇠 분류군(Acer pictum complex)은 한국, 중국, 일본의 고로쇠와 여러 변종 이외에 만주고로쇠, 우산고로쇠 등이 포함된다. 고로쇠 분류군의 주요 형질은 대부분 열매의 크기, 각도, 날개의 크기, 잎의 결각 등 정량형질로 인정되고 있어, 본 연구는 한중일(韓中日)의 125개체, 17개의 정량 형질, 5개의 형질간 비율 등 모두 22개의 형질로 다변량(PCA분석)과 단변량분석을 실시하였다. 다변량분석에 의하면 3개의 성분(PC) eigenvalues 누적비율이 0.59(ca. 59%)로서 매우 낮은 수치를 보였고 대부분 PCA상의 좌표 중앙에 몰리면서 종간 차이가 중첩되었다. 분포 영역의 동쪽에 분포하는 울릉도의 우산고로쇠는 열매와 잎의 형태에 있어 일본의 서쪽연안(일본해(日本海)=동해(東海))의 개체들과 중첩되었다. 한국의 경기도 서해안과 강원도 일대의 일부 개체중 중국 동북부에 분포하는 만주고로쇠형이 일부 관찰되었지만 한국의 고로쇠와 전형적인 만주고로쇠형(날개와 종자의 비=0.7이상)의 중간 형태를 확인하였다. 조사 형질중 날개의 길이, 날개/종자 길이의 비, 열매 각도는 우산고로쇠, 티벳고로쇠, 만주고로쇠 등을 구분하는 양상을 보였지만 한중일(韓中日)의 고로쇠 개체를 포함할 경우 모두 연속 변이로 확인되어 종간 식별이 불가능하였다. 따라서, 중국 내륙에서 일본까지 분포하는 고로쇠와 중국 동북부지역에서 황하강이북, 한국 북부, 중부지방의 경기도섬과 강원도지역에 분포하는 만주고로쇠, 울릉도의 우산고로쇠, 중국 남부에서 일본 Hokkaido이남에서 한국의 남부에 분포하는 털고로쇠는 모두 하나의 종으로 보는 것이 타당하다. 그러나, 조사된 정량적 형질이외에 종간 식별에 중요한 정성적 형질(털의 유무, 수피형태)과 지리적 분포를 고려하여 국내 분포하는 분류군을 고로쇠, 털고로쇠, 만주고로쇠 등 3 변종으로 정리하였다.