• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.828-837
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• 2008

We propose a method to select representative views of single objects and classes of objects for 3D object retrieval and classification. Our method is based on projected 2D shapes, or views, of the 3D objects, where the representative views are selected by applying affinity propagation to cluster uniformly sampled views. Affinity propagation assigns prototypes to each cluster during the clustering process, thereby providing a natural criterion to select views. We recursively apply affinity propagation to the selected views of objects classified as single classes to obtain representative views of classes of objects. By enabling classification as well as retrieval, effective management of large scale databases for retrieval can be enhanced, since we can avoid exhaustive search over all objects by first classifying the object. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for both retrieval and classification by experimental results based on the Princeton benchmark database [16].

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 1997

To improve the detection of methicillin resistant staphylococci, lowered incubation temperature (30.deg.) and inclusion of sodium chloride in media have been empirically recommended. However, in this study, we found that sodium chloride in Peptone-Yeast Extract-K$\_$2/HPO$\_$4/ (PYK) medium decreased methicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations. Divalent cations were shown to restore the expression of staphylococcal methicillin resistance. However, when it was determined by efficiency of plating, sodium chloride increased methicillin resistance expression on agar medium in which higher divalent cations were contained in the agar medium. The decrease of minimum inhibitory concentrations at 30.deg.C by sodium chloride occurred in Brain Heart Infusion but did not occur in other media investigated. Interestingly, both PYK and Brain Heart Infusion media had peptone, which contain cholic acids having detergent activities. Inclusion of sodium chloride in PYK caused a higher rate of autolysis. Penicillin binding protein 2a that has a low affinity to beta-lactam antibiotics, was highly inducible in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. In this study, we found that autolysins that are activated by the sodium chloride decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration at 30.deg.C, and peptidoglycan is weakened due to the presence of methicillin. Peptone in the media may aggravate the fragile cells. However, stabilization due to the presence of divalent cations and production of penicilin binding protein 2a increase the survival of staphylococci.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 1999.11b
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• pp.209-213
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• 1999

In the society of the 21\ulcorner century under multiphase media conditions, the rapidly glowing electronic media will replace the conventional paper media in a variety of areas. However, if human being still has an affinity for paper media and an instinct for hardcopy from electronic-based text or image, the new market will be created for the paper industry. To what extent the consumer choses paper media for output will depend upon the availability of functions of paper media appealing to human senses; i.e., "sensory functions of paper". As a whole, on-demand type personal as well as business communications will increase in the next century and this trend will lead certainly to a rapidly expanding "contents hardcopy market". The technological progress of the paper industry in the 21\ulcorner century depends upon the market needs for higher products quality and higher efficiency of manufacturing process as well as an endeavour to overcome constraints from forest resource, energy, and environmental issues. Under the conditions with above constraints, the paper media will be polarized into two categories; (1)paper for higher image reproduction capability for original image or text and (2)paper for lower reproduction but with higher appeals for human senses. To cope with these trends, psycho-physical analysis and a sensory engineering approach for developing new paper media is vitally required. Also newly emerged roles of paper physics in the multimedia age is pointed out associated with sensory functions of paper that are not well-understood so far.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.410-416
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• 2003

Autotaxin(ATX) was originally purified from conditioned media of A2058 human melanoma cells and shown to be a potent cell motility-stimulating factor, possessing a type II nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP2) activity. Recombinant ATX has recently demonstrated that human plasma lysophosholipase D is identical to ATX and uses lysophosphatidylcholine as a substrate to mediate various biological functions including tumor cell growth and motility through G-protein coupled receptor. However, despite pivotal roles of ATX on physiological or pathophysiological states, the production of ATX is solely depends on complicated purification method which employs multiple column steps, but resulted in very poor yield. This limited the use of ATX for extensive analysis. We, therefore, expressed six histidine-tagged recombinant human ATX(His-ATX) in High Five TM insect cells to improve the generation of ATX and to make simple the purification of ATX. The signal sequence of the human ATX gene was truncated and replaced with sequence of insect cell secretion signal within expression vector. In addition, codons for six histidines were added to the C-termini of 120kDa ATX cDNA construct. A simple purification scheme utilizing two-step affinity column chromatography was designed to purify His-ATX to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of transfected insect cells. Homogenous His-ATX was detected and isolated from the concentrated insect cell medium using concanavalin A agarose and nickel affinity chromatography. Purified His-ATX was in full length with ATX capacity. A combination of this expression system and purification scheme would be useful for production and purification of high-quality functional ATX for research and practical application of multiple functional motogen, ATX/NPP-2.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.792-796
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• 2003

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) are extremely toxic and persistent environmental pollutants. Their chemical reactivities and other physicochemical/biological properties show a strong dependence on the chlorination pattern. With increasing the number of chlorines, dioxin congeners become more electronegative and gain higher electron affinities. The vertical electron affinities (VEA) are related with the LUMO energies of neutral molecules. LUMO energies of all PCDD congeners were calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G** level and those of some selected congeners at the level of B3LYP/6-311G**//B3LYP/6-31G** and B3LYP/cc-pvtz/ /B3LYP/6-31G**. The total energies of neutral and anionic species for dibenzo-p-dioxins (DD), 1469-TCDD, 2378-TCDD, and OCDD were calculated at the level of B3LYP/6-31G**, B3LYP/aug-cc-pvdz, and B3LYP/ aug-cc-pvtz//B3LYP/6-31G**. By using the four congeners with D2h symmetry as reference molecules, we could estimate VEA (B3LYP/aug-cc-pvdz) of 75 PCDD congeners based on the linear correlations between LUMO energy and VEA (B3LYP/6-31G**) and between VEA (B3LYP/6-31G**) and VEA (B3LYP/aug-ccpvtz// B3LYP/6-31G**). Results show that all PCDDs with the number of Cl ≥ 3 have positive electron affinities. The PCDD electron affinity values provided in this work can be a useful data set in understanding the congener-specific reactivities of dioxins in various environmental media.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2009

The production of Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT) by S. griseus IFO13350 transformed with the expression vector pWHM3-TR1R2, containing sprT encoding SGT and the two positive regulatory genes sgtR1 and sgtR2, was investigated in various media. Cultivation in Ferm-0 gave 1.4 times more trypsin activity than in C5/L medium. In addition, replacement of 2% glucose and 1% skim milk in Ferm-0 with 2% dextrin and 1% tryptone (designated Ferm-II) enhanced trypsin activity 4.1-fold. To simplify the purification process, the supernatant from the S. griseus transformant cultured in Ferm-II medium was fractionated with ammonium sulfate (25-55%), then subjected to Hitrap Benzamidine FF affinity column chromatography. The specific activity of SGT purified by one-step chromatography was 69,550 unit/mg protein and the overall purification yield was above 8%, indicating that this method is more effective than those previously reported. Purified SGT was most active at pH 8.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, and it maintained activity between pH 7.0 and 9.0 and at temperatures up to $70^{\circ}C$. These enzymatic properties are very similar to those of authentic eukaryotic trypsin purified from bovine pancreas.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.557-567
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• 2015

Over the past decades, a variety of spatial saliency methods have been introduced. Recently, motion saliency has gained much interests, where motion data estimated from an image sequence are utilized. In general, motion saliency requires reliable motion data as well as image segmentation for producing satisfactory saliency map which poses difficulty in most natural images. To overcome this, we propose a motion-based saliency generation that enhances the spatial saliency based on the combination of spatial and motion saliencies as well as motion complexity without the consideration of complex motion classification and image segmentation. Further, an affinity model is integrated for the purpose of connecting close-by pixels with different colors and obtaining a similar saliency. In experiment, we performed the proposed method on eleven test sets. From the objective performance evaluation, we validated that the proposed method produces better result than spatial saliency based on objective evaluation as well as ROC test.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.556-564
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• 2004

A recombinant Fab monoclonal antibody (Fab) C37, previously obtained by phage display and biopanning of a random antibody fragment library against Burkholderia pseudomallei protease, was expressed in different strains of Escherichia coli. E. coli strain HB2151 was deemed a more suitable host for Fab expression than other E. coli strains when grown in media supplemented with 0.2% glycerol. The expressed Fab fragment was purified by affinity chromatography on a Protein G-Sepharose column, and the specificity of the recombinant Fab C37 towards B. pseudomallei protease was proven by Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by proteolytic activity neutralization. In addition, polyclonal antibodies against B. pseudomallei protease were produced in rabbits immunized with the protease. These were isolated from high titer serum by affinity chromatography on recombinant-Protein A-Sepharose. Purified polyclonal antibody specificity towards B. pseudomallei protease was proven by Western blotting and ELISA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.110-111
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• 2013

FcBP consisting of 13 amino acids specifically binds to Immunoglobulin G Fc domain. Initially, we utilized this peptide for preparation of antibody chip as a PEG composite for enhanced solubility. After then, the peptide conjugate was immobilized on agarose resin, resulting in highly efficient affinity column for antibody purification. The efficiency was comparable to commercial Protein A column. Recently, this peptide was conjugated with cell penetrating peptide (CPP) on a backbone of GFP, affording antibody transducer, which carries antibody into live cells by simple mixing of antibody and the transducer in cell culture media. Antibody transduction into cells was monitored by live cell imaging. More recently, the FcBP was fused to ferritin cage, which consists of 24 ferritin protein molecules. The FcBP-ferritin cage showed greatly increased binding affinity to human IgG. Its binding was analyzed by QCM and SPR analysis. Finally, it was selectively delivered by Herceptin to SKBR3, a breast cancer cell, over MCF10A, non-tumorigenic cells (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Fluorescent microscopic images of SKBR3 breast cancer cells (A~C) and MCF10A breast cells (D~F) treated with Cy3-trastuzumab/fFcBP-Pf_Fn complexes. Trastuzumab and FcBP-Pf_Fn, which were labeled with Cy3 (Cy3-trastuzumab) and fluorescein (fFcBP-Pf_Fn), respectively, selectively targeted SKBR3 over MCF10A.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.457-464
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• 2023

Proteolytic enzymes produced by filamentous fungi can degrade various fibrous and globular proteins along with other metabolites that may also find application in biotechnology. In this study, the effect of proteolytic enzymes of 22 Aspergillus strains on various proteins was investigated using protein-containing diagnostic media. Subsequently, a new parameter estimating secreted proteinases specificity towards fibrous or globular proteins without its advanced biochemical research - index of severity of proteolytic action (ISPA) - was suggested. This index determines mycozymes specificity in following manner: its value increases with greater affinity to fibrous proteins, decreases if there is higher affinity to globular proteins. ISPA value was the lowest (0.52) for Aspergillus domesticus, indicating the highest specificity to globular proteins, the highest one (1.26) for A. glaucus, whose proteinases best hydrolyzed fibrous proteins. However, the highest overall proteolytic potential was observed for Aspergillus melleus. The ability to produce acid, alkali and extracellular pigments was evaluated for all isolated strains as well.