• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify emotional intelligence (EI) profiles according to the sub-factors of the ability EI model, namely, self-emotional appraisal, others' emotional appraisal, regulation of emotion, and use of emotion. In addition, this study aims to reveal whether there is a difference in job satisfaction, affective commitment, and turnover intention depending on the profile. Research design, data, and methodology - For the study, 536 survey responses were analyzed using SPSS 22 and MPlus 8.4. Result - The analysis identified four EI profiles. These were 1) middle-low generalized EI (all sub-factors of EI were slightly lower than the average level), 2) middle-high generalized EI (all sub-factors of EI were slightly higher than the average), 3) low generalized EI (all EI sub-factors were much lower than the average), and 4) high generalized EI (all EI sub-factors were much higher than average). Furthermore, significant differences were found in job satisfaction, affective commitment, and turnover intention according to each profile. Conclusion - This study expands the EI theory by revealing the profile of EI. In addition, this study investigated the impact of EI profile on job satisfaction, affective commitment, and turnover intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.583-599
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• 2022

This study aims to clarify the implications of rapidly growing live commerce in China by examining the multifaceted aspects of social presence, in particular to help small commerce operators and platform companies. It examines the effect of cognitive and affective social presence on consumer engagement by evaluating consumption values and trust in streamers. In this survey study, the responses of 221 individuals residing in large cities of China were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that cognitive social presence had a positive effect on consumer engagement by mediating the utilitarian value and trust in streamers. Furthermore, affective social presence had a positive effect on consumer engagement through the hedonic value and trust in streamers. Thus, our research provides a new perspective to approaching a multidimensional social presence and understanding consumer behavior in live commerce. Moreover, it contributes to the application and expansion of social presence theory in this field.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate listener's affective responses to different vocal registers and modes in terms of valence (i.e., negative to positive affect) and arousal (i.e., low to high energy level). The data were collected from four different conditions (i.e., higher and lower registers paired with major and minor modes). A total of 188 female college students participated in the survey online and rated their perceived valence and arousal levels on a visual analogue scale after listening to each excerpt. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was administered for data analysis. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the affective responses to the two vocal registers, showing that the arousal was more affected by the register than the valence. Secondly, mode had statistically significant impact on both valence and arousal while weighing more on valence. Further, there was significant interaction effect of vocal register and mode on valence, but not on arousal. Results also displayed that listeners had the most negative valence when listening to the excerpt of minor mode in higher register, while having the lowest arousal when listening to the excerpt of minor mode in lower register. These findings imply that it is important to consider the vocal range as well as the musical mode when selecting music for appreciation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.22 no.52
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• pp.203-210
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• 1999

We report on some of the preliminary results of the physiological responses resulting from vehicular speed changes. Healthy human subjects (n=5) were studied for the experiments. We measured the physiological responses of the subjects such as Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), and skin temperature for day and night vehicular speed change experiments, respectively. Before and after the tasks, we carried out a self-report for acquiring correlation with experiment results. Mean heart rate variability (HRV) and amplitude of GSR and skin temperature were calculated for 3 minutes duration in each state. The analysis of the physiological measures of ANS activity revealed that vehicle speed change-based affective state evoked arousal response pattern featured by HR acceleration, decrease of skin temperature, and increase of GSR amplitude. The obtained results show that despite some differences observed between each state, overall physiological responses show that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases as a result of the increase of speed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.9_10 s.146
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• pp.1230-1240
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to apply a scientific and systematic method for assessing fashion goods' TV ads effects by EEG and questionnaires as determined by the type of ads appeal. Ads stimulants used in the survey were limited to underwear and sportswear that were advertised during $2000{\sim}2002$ on TV: 4 information-transferring and 4 emotion-evoking ads were used. Subjects were thirty healthy male and female college students. EEG was extracted from six lobes and the recorded EEG was analyzed by the range of frequency of ${\theta},\;{\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ waves. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 with reliability test, $x^2$-analysis, t-test and frequency analysis. The emotion-evoking ads showed higher scores in memory, recall and attitude towards the ads. The responses of ${\theta}\;and\;{\alpha}$ wave were active throughout the ads but the response of ${\beta}$ wave was not. The results by the survey and the EEG test showed high similarities, indicating the EEG tests could be used as the supplementary tool for measuring ads effects.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.992-994
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• 2014

Hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal activation have been proposed in two decades ago, as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) power in the theta band (4-8Hz), is related to reactivity to affectively pleasure audio stimuli. In this study, we designed an emotional audio stimulus experiment in order to verify frontal EEG asymmetry by analyzing ERSP results. Thirty healthy college students volunteered the stimulus experiment with the standard IADS affective sounds. These affective sound clips are classified in three emotion states, happy, neutral and fear. ERSP image results revealed that there are the stronger responses of high arousal (fear and happy) in the left prefrontal lobe, while the stronger responses of low arousal (neutral) in the right pre-frontal lobe. However, the high pleasure emotions (happy) can elicit greater relative right EEG activity, while the low and middle pleasure emotions (fear and neutral) can elicit the greater relative left EEG activity. Additionally, the most response differences of theta band have been found out in the medial frontal lobe, which is proved as the frontal midline theta.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the online extracurricular program operated by the university. The program contents applied in the study included learning strategies such as time management, goal setting, note taking, and memorization methods. The program used in the study was operated in an online environment, and the content was developed between 27 and 29 minutes. The developed contents can be taken using the learning management system. The variables selected to analyze the effects of this program were learning strategies and learning flow, and satisfaction was also included to examine the responses of program participants. The results of the study are as follows. First, learning strategies and learning flow showed statistically significant differences. This result is because the content was composed of meaningful sub-topics by selecting the elements necessary for learning activities. Second, as a result of program satisfaction analysis, it was confirmed that the average for all questions was high. Among them, the average of the item that the theme and contents of the program were useful was the highest. Third, open responses were analyzed by classifying them into cognitive and affective domains. In the cognitive domain, meanings such as knowledge, understanding, and application were presented as keywords, and in the affective domain, a number of keywords for motivation and attitude change were presented. This study is significant in that it provided practical programs necessary for university freshmen and analyzed their effects.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.46-62
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• 2013

In this study, nations with high academic achievement but disparate affective achievement in science according to the results of the TIMSS 2007 were selected and students' responses in the main survey for affective properties from those nations were analyzed. In addition, Korean science teachers' perception of affective achievement and the properties of teaching and learning science was explored by an online survey. According to the results of the analysis of students' responses in the main survey, the percentage of those with high levels of confidence in, pleasure in, and value perception of science was large for Hong Kong, Singapore, and England but small for Korea, Taiwan, and Japan. When the properties of teaching and learning in actual science classes were observed in Korea, actual classes focused little on experimentation, research activities, and the context of everyday life. According to the results of surveys conducted on science teachers, students' low confidence in science was due to difficult and uninteresting curricula and the absolute lack of time to study science and their low interest in the subject was due to difficult curricula and the view that science was unrelated to their future academic or professional careers. In addition, according to the teachers, students' low value perception of science curricula was due to the fact that there was no need to excel in science for academic or professional careers and the idea that the subject was of no help to daily life.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.175-189
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• 2013

This study was aimed at finding the effects of consumer experience related to experience providers of apparel companies on brand loyalty. The participants of this study included experienced SPA fashion brand shopping female consumers who are between the ages of 20 to 50 residing in Seoul. A total of 285 questionnaires were used for the survey of this study. Methods of data analysis included. The result of this study revealed the 9 factors of experience providers in apparel companies: co-branding, advertising, visual/verbal identity & signage, design & quality, physical environment, people, emotional environment, websites, and sales promotion. The 5 factors of consumer experiences were behavioral experience, relational experience, affective experience, intellectual experience, and sensory experience. The experience providers of the apparel company had a significant impact on consumer experience of SPA, such as behavioral experience, sensory experience, affective experience, intellectual experience and relational experience. Of all, consumer experience of SPA as well as behavioral, sensory and affective experiences had a positive impact on brand loyalty. In conclusion, experience providers, at the disposal of the apparel company, are tactical implementation components for creating consumer experience. Therefore, the marketing strategy of apparel companies should be focused on eliciting affirmative responses from consumers.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.307-323
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• 2011

The study aims to investigate self-regulated learning ability (SRLA) of students and analyze its relationship to their science inquiry skill and affective domain of science in middle schools in Korea. For this end, the research questions include the followings: First, what level is SRLA of middle school students? Second, how does the relationship between SRLA and science inquiry skill look like? Third, how does the relationship between SRLA and affective domain of science look like? A research method employed in the study is the survey utilizing three questionnaires: a) a questionnaire of SRLA (Jung et al., 2004); b) a questionnaire of problem finding ability of the science inquiry skill (Jung et al., 2004); and c) a questionnaire of science affective domain (Seo et al., 2008, adopted from 2006 PISA Student Questionnaire). Responses to three questionnaires by 704 students from seven middle schools in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam in Korea were analyzed. The research findings were as follows: First, mean average scores of SRLA is 3.02 (${\pm}0.63$) in 5 Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree). Second, students with higher scores in science inquiry skill showed significantly (p<.05) higher scores in SRLA than others. Third, boys scored higher on self-efficacy scale than girls. As students advance their grade level, their affective domain levels of science significantly (p=.048) decreases, in particular, their self-efficacy level most significantly (p=.002) decreases. Fourth, SRLA was significantly (p=.000) correlated with science inquiry skill and affective domain of science. In conclusions, it appeared that the higher SRLA level of students in middle schools is, the higher level of science inquiry skill and affective domain of science is.