• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2017

The aerodynamic noise reduction of railway traction motor is required to satisfy new enhanced Korean noise regulations for a train. This paper is the study result on a noise reduction of a railway traction motor using Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM). To verify the reliability of numerical analysis, the noise performance of the base model evaluated using LBM, and calculated result was compared with the experimental data. In addition, main noise sources were selected to design parameters through analyzing the flow field of the base model. Based on the noise sources analysis result, a design improvement model of traction motor for this study was derived to reduce the noise. The performance of a design improvement model was evaluated by applying a validated numerical scheme. As a result, it was confirmed that the noise was reduced due to the suppression of the internal turbulent flow components.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1060-1066
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• 2010

본 논문은 헬리콥터 로터 블레이드 플랜폼 설계를 위해 개발된 공력 최적설계 기법의 응용에 대한 내용이다. 블레이드 스팬 방향에 따른 익형의 배치, 비틀림 및 시위 등의 최적 분포를 결정하여 호버링 figure of merit과 고속 전진비행 시 등가 양항비를 최대화하는 설계문제를 정식화 하였다. 다양한 설계문제에 대해 최적설계 기법의 특성을 파악하였으며, 본 연구의 설계기법과 성능예측에 사용된 모델링 특성과 관련된 장점과 제한점에 대해 검토하였다. 보다 정확한 최적형상의 설계를 위해 요구되는 모델링 개선방향에 대한 검토와 향후 연구분야를 정의하였다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2005

Aim of this study is to investigate an aerodynamic effect of a drag-reducing device on a heavy-duty truck. The vehicle experiences two different kinds of aerodynamic forces such as drag and uplifting force (or downward force) as it is traveling straight forward at constant speed. The drag force on a vehicle may cause an increase of the rate of fuel consumption and driving instability. The rolling resistance of the vehicle may be increased as result of the negative uplifting or downward force on the vehicle. A device named roof-fairing system has been applied to examine the reduction of aerodynamic drag force on a heavy-duty truck. As for a engineering design information, the drag-reducing system should be studied theoretically and experimentally for the best efficiency of the device. Four different types of roof-fairing model were considered in this study to investigate the aerodynamic effect on a model truck. The drag and downward force generated by vehicle has been obtained from numerical calculation conducted in this study. The forces produced on four fairing models considered in this study has been compared each other to evaluate the best fairing model in terms of aerodynamic performance. The result shows that the roof-fairing mounted truck has bigger negative uplifting or downward force than that of non-mounted truck in all speed ranges, and drag force on roof-fairing mounted truck has smaller than that of non-mounted truck. The drag coefficient $(C_D)$ of the roof-fairing mounted truck (Model-3) is reduced up to $41.3\%$ than that of non-mounted trucks (Model-1). A downward force generated by a roof-fairing mounted on a truck is linearly proportional to the rolling resistance force. Therefore, the negative lifting force on a heavy-duty truck is another important factor in aerodynamic design parameter and should be considered in the design of a drag-reducing device of a tractor-trailer. According to the numerical result obtained from present study, the drag force produced by the model-3 has the smallest of all in all speed ranges and has reasonable downward force. The smaller drag force on model-3 with 2/3h in height may results of smallest thickness of boundary layer generated on the topside of the container and the lowest intensity of turbulent kinetic energy occurs at the rear side of the container.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.311-328
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• 2017

The characteristics of boundary layers have significant effects on the aerodynamic forces and vibration of the wind turbine blade. The incorporation of active trailing edge flaps (ATEF) into wind turbine blades has been proven as an effective control approach for alleviation of load and vibration. This paper is aimed at investigating the effects of external trailing edge flaps on the flow pattern and velocity distribution within a boundary layer of a NREL 5MW reference wind turbine, as well as designing a new type of velocity sensors for future validation measurements. An aeroelastic-aerodynamic simulation with FAST-AeroDyn code was conducted on the entire wind turbine structure and the modifications were made on turbine blade sections with ATEF. The results of aeroelastic-aerodynamic simulations were combined with the results of two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic simulations. From these, the velocity profile of the boundary layer as well as the thickness variation with time under the influence of a simplified load case was calculated for four different blade-flap combinations (without flap, with $-5^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, and $+5^{\circ}$ flap). In conjunction with the computational modeling of the characteristics of boundary layers, a bio-inspired hair flow sensor was designed for sensing the boundary flow field surrounding the turbine blades, which ultimately aims to provide real time data to design the control scheme of the flap structure. The sensor element design and performance were analyzed using both theoretical model and finite element method. A prototype sensor element with desired bio-mimicry responses was fabricated and validated, which will be further refined for integration with the turbine blade structures.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2016

The objective of vehicle aerodynamic design is on the fuel economy, reduction of the harmful emission, minimizing the vibration and noise and the driving stability of the vehicle. Especially for a sedan, the driving stability of the vehicle is the main concern of the aerodynamic design of the vehicle indeed. In this theoretical study, an evaluation algorithm of aerodynamic driving stability of a vehicle was made to estimate the dynamic stability of a vehicle at the given driving condition on a road. For the stability evaluation of a driving vehicle, CFD simulation was conducted to have the rolling, pitching and yawing moments of a model vehicle and compared the values of the moments to the resistance moments. From the case study, it is found that a model sedan running at 100 km/h in speed on a straight level road is stable under the side wind with 45 m/s in speed. But the different results may be obtained on the buses and trucks because those vehicles have the wide side area. From the case study of the model vehicle moving on 100 km/h speed with 15 m/s side wind is evaluated using the numerical algorithm drawn from the study, the value of yawing moment is $608.6N{\cdot}m$, rolling moment $-641N{\cdot}m$ and pitching moment $3.9N{\cdot}m$. These values are smaller than each value of rotational resistance moment the model vehicle has, and therefore, the model vehicle's driving stability is guaranteed when driving 100 km/h with 15 m/s side wind.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.295-307
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• 2005

The paper describes the work of the IAWE Working Group WBG - Reliability and Code Level, one of the International Codification Working Groups set up at ICWE10 in Copenhagen. The following topics are covered: sources of uncertainties in the design wind load, appropriate design target values for the exceedance probability of the design wind load for different structural classes with different consequences of a failure, yearly exceedance probability of the design wind speed and specification of the design aerodynamic coefficient for different design purposes. The recommendations from the working group are summarized at the end of the paper.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.670-675
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• 2001

This paper describes aerodynamic preliminary design performance prediction and flow analysis for turbine of the marine middle engine turbocharger. The performance characteristics of turbocharger turbine are investigated at various operating conditions using mass flow rate and computational flow analysis for rotor and nozzle at design point are performed. Preliminary design results are performed by applying mean line and radial equilibrium theory. Performance prediction and flow analysis results show good agreement with experiments. From 3 dimensional flow analysis result, efficiency is 0.6% greater than design point. Therefore, this design approach is useful for preliminary design, and helps to increase the design capability for optimized rotor blade.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2017

멀티로터형 무인항공기는 군사용 목적뿐 아니라 항공 촬영 및 무인 택배 수단 등 민간 산업까지 그 활용 범위를 넓혀가고 있다. 무인항공기의 보다 폭넓은 활용을 위해서는 추진체인 프로펠러의 공력 효율 개선과 소음의 저감을 위한 연구가 선행되어야 하며, 이는 주어진 환경에서 공력 성능 및 소음을 예측할 수 있는 기술이 바탕이 되어야만 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 소형 무인항공기 프로펠러를 대상으로 공력 및 소음 예측 기법을 개발하고, 실제 측정을 통한 결과와의 비교를 통해 검증하였다. 분당 회전수의 변화에 따른 추력 및 토크와 주어진 위치에서의 주파수 스펙트럼 예측에서 모두 예측 기법의 신뢰성을 확보하였으며, 이를 통해 프로펠러의 형상 설계에 기반이 될 수 있는 기틀을 마련하였다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.155-169
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• 2004

발사체나 재돌입 비행체는 대기 중을 높은 Mach 수로 비행함으로써 그 표면이 공력가열 현상에 의한 초고온 환경에 노출되게 된다. 이러한 공력가열로부터 발사체 자체나 탑재체를 보호하기 위해서는 물체 표면에 가해지는 열적 부하(Thermal Load)를 정확히 예측하고 필요한 곳에는 적절한 단열 처리를 해 주어야만 한다. 그러나 탑재체의 중량을 최대한 늘리기 위해서는 지나친 단열재의 추가를 막을 수 있도록 엄밀한 열 해석 및 시험이 수행 되어야 할 것이며, 최종적으로 공력가열 시험에 의해서 필요한 단열재의 양이 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 KSR(Korea Sounding Rocket) 시리즈의 개발을 위해 사용되어 왔던 공력가열 시험설비(ATSF, Aerodynamic Thermal Simulation Facility)를 KSLV 시리즈의 개발에 적합하도록 사양 향상(Upgrade) 시키기 위한 설계를 위해 고려해야할 사항이 무엇인지 살펴보았다. 먼저 설비의 필요성 및 그 한계에 대하여 고찰하였으며, KSLV 개발을 위해서는 어떤 기능을 갖추어야 할지를 고려하였다. 마지막으로 필요한 장비의 사양을 대략적으로 제안하였으며, 이는 앞으로 수행될 상세 설계 및 제작/설치의 밑바탕이 될 것이다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1049-1059
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• 2010

본 연구는 헬리콥터 블레이드 플랜폼의 공력최적 설계를 다루었다. 블레이드 3차원 공력형상 설계단계에서 결정해야하는 주요 설계 요소를 정의하고 B$\acute{e}$zier 곡선 등을 이용하여 매개변수화 하였다. 매개변수화와 설계 구속조건은 경험적 요소와 노하우를 반영하여 산업체나 연구소 등에서 사용하고 있는 설계기법을 활용하여 정의하였다. 호버링 FM과 전진비행 등가 양항비를 최적설계 문제의 목적함수로 반영하였다. 유도된 비선형 최적화 문제는 SQP기법으로 풀이하였으며 응용연구를 통해 본 연구의 기법으로 블레이드의 익형배치, 비틀림 및 시위분포 등 중요한 플랜폼 형상을 효과적으로 설계할 수 있음을 보였다.