• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.483-492
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• 2023

In this study, the treatment of livestock wastewater using an aerobic granular sludge based sequencing batch reactor was investigated. The reactor operation was carried out by general injection and split injection methods. The average removal efficiency of organic matter after the adaptation period was 71.5 and 87.4%, respectively. Some untreated organic matter was attributed to recalcitrant organic matter. The average removal efficiency of total nitrogen was 65.6 and 88.4%, respectively. These results indicate that the denitrification reaction by split injection was carried out smoothly. As for the solids, the ratio of aerobic granular sludge/mixed liquor suspended solid can be determined as the main factor of the process operation, and the ratio increased gradually and finally reached 86.0%. Correspondingly, the sludge volume index (SVI) was also improved, reaching 54 mL/g at the end of operation, and it is believed that the application of a short settling time contributed to the improvement of settleability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.897-905
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• 2012

Based on the activated sludge model, a simple aerobic digestion model which represents the aerobic sludge digestion by sequencing batch reactor(SBR) equipped with ultrasonicator was composed and performed in this study. The results are as follows. Aerobic digestion efficiency can be increased by adopting ultrasonic pretreatment. For the 5 days of SRT, 24 % of particulate component is predicted to be removed by ultrasonic pretreatment and aerobic digestion. This is 7 %p higher than that of conventional aerobic digestion. A Hybrid SBR aerobic digestion combined with ultrasonication shows higher digestion efficiency than aerobic digestion and ultrasonic pretreatment system. In case of this hybrid system, the digestion efficiency was predicted up to 49 % when the ultrasonication was performed every 2 hours, repeatedly. However, excessive treatment like every hours of ultrasonication in an aerobic digestion process results in adverse effect on TCOD removal because biomass disintegrated completely and the solubilized COD can not be used for the biomass synthesis again.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2008

The treatment of a model wastewater containing quinoline in an integrated wet oxidation-aerobic biological treatment was investigated. Partial wet oxidation under mild operating conditions was capable of converting the original quinoline to biodegradable organic acids such as nicotinic, formic and acetic acid, the solution of which was subjected to the subsequent aerobic biological treatment. The wet oxidation was carried out at 250$^{\circ}C$ and the initial pH of 7.0, and led to effluents of which nicotinic acid was oxidized through 6-hydroxynicotinic acid by a Bacillus species in the subsequent aerobic biological treatment. Either homogeneous catalyst of $CuSO_4$ or phenol, which is more degradable in the wet oxidation compared to quinoline, was also used for increasing the oxidation rate in the wet oxidation of quinoline at 200$^{\circ}C$. The oxidation of quinoline in the catalytic wet oxidation and the wet co-oxidation with phenol resulted in effluents of which nicotinic acid was biodegradable earlier in the aerobic biological treatment compared to those out of the non-catalytic wet oxidation at 250$^{\circ}C$. However, the lag phase in the biodegradation of nicotinic acid formed out of the wet oxidation at 250$^{\circ}C$ was considerably shortened after the adaptation of Bacillus species used in the aerobic biological treatment with the effluents of the quinoline wet oxidation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of abdominal ultrasound accompanied by aerobic exercise in shift work employees working in industry. Method: Thirty shift work employees were randomly assigned to either a aerobic exercise group (control group) or a aerobic exercise and ultrasound treatment group (experimental group). The control group carried out aerobic exercise five times per week for 4 weeks, while the experimental group performed aerobic exercise twice per week and received deep ultrasound three times per week for 4 weeks. Result: The results showed that there were no significant differences in body composition between the two groups. There were significant changes in weight, lean body mass, body fat mass, and body mass index in the control group; meanwhile, significant changes in weight and body fat mass were observed in the experimental group. Conclusion: According to the results of this study concerning short-term obesity management programs, aerobic exercise was effective for improving of body composition and weight loss, while aerobic exercise combined with abdominal ultrasound had a good effect secondary complication prevention.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1997

The treatment performances of anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process were investigated under various operation conditions. The treatment system proposed in this study gave a relatively stable performance against hourly change of the flow rate and showed a satisfactory removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds under experimental conditions. The average removal efficiency of total nitrogen gradually decreased as the influent total nitrogen concentration was increased. High C/N ratio of the wastewater was required for the complete removal of nitrogen. Glucose as a carbon source was more efficient than starch and the removal ability for all components become higher with the increase of the fraction of glucose.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1379-1394
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to examine the purification efficiency of the septic tank method which has been applied by the most of Korean livestock farms, in terms of anaerobic and aerobic treatment. Except several days in summer, BOD of effluent shows 1,500 -3,000 ppm by anaerobic process. In most cases , it exceeds according to the seasons show an increase by decrease of temperature. The removal effect on T-N is hardly found. The suspended solids contents of effluent are reduced to the level of 50-90%. Although BOD contents of effluent are kept high in the beginning, the removal rate of BOD shows 80 percent in the latter half by the aerobic treatment . The removal efficiency of total nitrogen does not appear through the experimental period, but the contents of T-N are not increased in the aerobic process unlike in the anaerobic process. The total phosphorous contents in effluent keep a constant level of 14 mg/L in average. The removal rate of phosphorous shows 91 percent i the last stage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2007

ASM No. 1 is a very useful model to analyze wastewater treatment system removing organic carbon and nitrogen material. But it isn't adequate to control the wastewater treatment system with real time since it has many material divisions and parameters. So, the purpose of this study is the simplification of ASM No. 1 to control the wastewater treatment system. ASM No. 1 was changed with the model which has 3 material divisions(COD, $NH_4{^+}$, $NO_3{^-}$) and two phases(Aerobic and Anoxic condition). SBR was running with two phases(Phase I and II). Phase II running 20 minutes with aerobic time was used for deciding model parameters and Phase I running 12 minutes with aerobic time was used for proving the simplified model. The simplified model was compared with ASM No. 1 using data of Phase I and II. As a result of model comparison, the simplified model has enough ability to express the variation of $NH_4{^+}$ compound.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.395-409
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• 2017

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a compact and efficient wastewater treatment and reclamation technology; but, it is limited by membrane fouling. The control of membrane fouling significantly increases operational and maintenance costs. Bacteria and their byproducts - extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) - are major contributors to membrane fouling in MBRs. A recent attempt at fouling mitigation is the development of aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor (AGMBR) through the integration of a novel biotechnology - aerobic granulation - and MBR. This paper provides an overview on the development of AGMBR to mitigate membrane fouling caused by bacteria and EPS. In AGMBR, EPS are used up in granule formation; and, the rigid structure of granules provides a surface for bacteria to attach to rather than the membrane surface. Preliminary research on AGMBR using synthetic wastewater show remarkable membrane fouling reduction compared to conventional MBR, thus improved membrane filtration. Enhanced performance in AGMBR using actual municipal wastewater at pilot-scale has also been reported. Therefore, further research is needed to determine AGMBR optimal operational conditions to enhance granule stability in long-term operations and in full-scale applications.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

Aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to treat screened dairy wastewaters. The study examined the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the aerobic SBR and raw manure effluent storage over 35 days. The reduction of total VFAs in the aerobic SBR was over $59\%$ removal than that of the raw manure. Acetic acid production in the aerobic SBR and the raw manure effluent storage were kept 138 and 286 mg/L. The propionic acid in the aerobic SBR was 1.9 mg/L, while the raw manure effluent storage was 68 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of VOCs in the aerobic SBR reactor and effluent fill down remarkably than the raw manure storage. The results confirmed that the aerobic biological treatment is an essential requirement for minimizing odor problems.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.161-173
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• 2002

Recently, absorbent biofilters, which are inexpensive and easy to manacle, have been supplied to the rural areas, but have limitations in removing the nutrients effectively. Accordingly, as an alternative plan. natural zeolites were arranged in front or at the rear of the absorbent biofilters, and their removal efficiency for nitrogen and, ultimately, their applicability to the on-site wastewater treatment system were studied. Furthermore, the same experiments were carried out on artificial zeolites, made from coal ashes at National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, to compare natural zeolites with artificial ones. Treated wastewater through the Absorbent Biofilter showed 22.6% nitrogen removal efficiency, while 64.6% was attained when natural Zeolites were placed in front of the absorbent biofilters (Zeolite-Aerobic process). As an addition, phosphorus was also efficiently removed. On the other hand, Aerobic-Zeolite process, which arranged natural zeolites at the rear of the biofilters, did not have significantly higher nitrogen removal as compared to the treatment using only the absorbent biofilters. Furthermore, upon regeneration of the natural zeolite, the ion exchange rate was fecund to increase over 10% as compared to before regeneration. Our results show that natural zeolites, applied to the on-site wastewater treatment system through the Zeolite-Aerobic process, not only increase the removal efficiency of nutrients, but, by choosing the appropriate regeneration time, can also be cast-effective. Artificial zeolites, on the other hand, though more efficient in removing nutrients, cannot be regenerated and, therefore, are not cost-effective.