• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 1990

담수토양중(湛水土壤中)에 있어서 IBP의 분해(分解)에 미치는 각종(各種) 토양환경조건(土壤環境條件)의 영향(影響)에 대하여 연구검토(硏究檢討)하였다. IBP는 비담수조건(非湛水條件)에서 보다 담수조건(湛水條件)에서 느리게 분해(分解)되었다. 분해속도(分解速度)는 토양종류(土壤種類)에 따라 크게 변화(變化)되었으며, 유기물함양(有機物含量)이 높은 토양(土壤)에서보다 낮은 토양(土壤)에서 빨랐다. IBP는 저온(低溫)에서보다 고온(高溫)의 토양(土壤)에서, 고농도(高濃度)에서보다 저농도(低濃度) 첨가(添加)에서 빨리 분해(分解)되었다. 토양중(土壤中) 분해속도(分解速度)는 볏짚첨가에 의하여 현저히 저하(低下)되었으나, 복합비료(複合肥料)나 타농약(他農藥) fenitrothion과 butachlor의 첨가(添加)에 의하여는 영향(影響)을 받지 않았다. 토양중(土壤中) IBP는 호기적(好氣的) 미생물(微生物)에 의하여 분해(分解)되는 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.865-872
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• 2009

슬러지의 감량과 최종처분 기술 개발을 위해 실험실 규모 호기성 소화공정을 279일간 운전하였다. 혐기성 소화 슬러지를 원료로 $40^{\circ}C$에서 120분간 알칼리 전처리하여 호기성 소화조에 유입시켰다. 유입 슬러지 성상과 HRT의 변화에 따라 소화효율의 변화가 있었으며 적정 HRT는 6일인 것으로 나타났다. 이때 $NH_3$-N, SCOD, TKN, TCOD, SS, VSS의 평균 제거율(소화조 유입 슬러지 기준)은 각각 97.4%, 81.7%, 68.7%, 61.4%, 50.6%, 47.0% 이었다. SS는 전처리와 호기성 소화를 통해 원료 슬러지(23,920 mg/L)의 73.9% 감량화가 가능하였다. 처리 슬러지는 약 350 mg/L의 SCOD를 포함하고 있어 액비로 활용하기에 무리가 없을 것으로 판단되었다. HRT를 5일 이상으로 유지할 경우 질산화 반응이 활성화되었으며 최대 658 mg/L의 유출 슬러지 질산성 질소 농도를 얻을 수 있었다. 암모니아성 질소 농도는 20 mg/L 내외로 크게 감소하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

BTEX 분해능을 가진 BJ10세균을 이용하여 호기조건에서 toluene 첨가 시 tetrachloroethylene (PCE) 분해에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. BJ10은 형태학적 특징, 생리 생화학적 특징, 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석 및 지방산 분석 결과에 따라 Pseudomonas putida로 동정되었다. BJ10의 PCE 저농도 5 mg/L에서 PCE 분해 실험 결과(toluene 첨가 기질 농도 50mg/L, 균초기 접종농도 1.0g/L, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, pH7 그리고 DO $3.0{\sim}4.2\;mg/L$), 10일간 52.8%의 분해 효율을 보였으며, PCE 분해 속도는 5.9 nmol/hr로 나타났다. 또한 BJ10의 PCE 고농도 100 mg/L에서 PCE 분해 실험 결과 (toluene 첨가 기질 농도 50 mg/L, 균 초기 접종 농도 1.0 g/L, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7 그리고 DO $3.0{\sim}4.2\;mg/L$), 10일간 20.3%의 분해 효율을 보였으며, PCE 분해 속도는 46.0 nmol/hr로 나타났다. Toluene 첨가 농도에 따른 PCE 분해 효율 증감 효과를 알아보기 위하여, 동일한 배양 조건하에 10 mg/L의 PCE에 toluene ($5{\sim}200\;mg/L$)을 첨가하여 분해 실험을 실시한 결과, toluene 200 mg/L 첨가시 10일간 57.0%의 PCE가 분해되어 가장 높은 제거 효율을 보였다. 또한 PCE 5.5 mg/L(총 7.6 mg/L)를 추가적으로 주입하여 동일조건하에서 PCE 분해를 확인하였으며 결과적으로 8일 동안 63.0%의 PCE가 분해되었다. 이 때의 PCE 분해 속도는 13.5 nmol/hr로 초기의 분해속도(8.1 nmol/hr)보다 증가되었다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.200.3-200.3
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) are produced at a high rate continuously as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging and various diseases. High level of hyaluronic acid with decreased molecular weight has been detected in patients with inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. Hyaluronidase is an endohexosaminidase that initiates the degradation of hyaluronic acid with high molecular weight. Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Maximowicz has been known as a korean folk medicine for treatment of neuritis and rheumatism. (omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.188-192
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• 1997

The strain of S-47 degrading 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4CBA) was isolated from Ulsan chemical industrial complex by enrichment cultivation with 1 mM 4CBA. The strain was Gram-negative rod and grew optimally at 30.deg.C and pH 7 under aerobic condition, so that the organism was identified as a species of Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas sp. S-47 degraded 4-chlorobenzoic acid to produce a yellow-colored meta-cleavage product, which was confirmed to be 5-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (5C-2HMS) by UV-visible spectrophotometry. 5C-3HMS was proved trometry. This means that Pseudomonas sp. S-47 degraded 4CBA via 4-chlorocatechol to 5C-2HMS by meta-cleavage reaction and then to 5C-2HMA by 5C-2HMS dehydrogenase.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.297-297
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• 1987

A $C_{1}$ enriched cellulase fraction was separated from culture filtrate of anaerobic Clostridium thermocellum by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The separated fraction showed strong synergistic action with $C_{x}$ component (endo-$\beta$-1, 4-glucanase) in digestion of crystalline cellulose, similar to the other aerobic cellulolytic microorganisms. Unlike the $C_{x}$ component the $C_{1}$ enriched fraction was rapidly inactivated by oxidation at the atmospheric condition. The enzyme activity was significantly enhanced by the addition of reducing agents, especially $\beta$-mercaptoethanol, which indicates that a $C_{1}$ component has a lot of sulfhydryl groups essential for the enzyme activity. The effect of metal ions on $C_{1}$ activity was also investigated. The $C_{1}$ fraction was found to be thermally stable compare to endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase. Optimal temperature and pH were found to be 60.deg.C and 6.0, respectively.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.275-275
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• 2002

Pseudomonas sp. S-47 is capable of catabolizing 4-chlorobenzoate (4CBA) as carbon and energy sources under aerobic conditions via the mesa-cleavage pathway. 4CBA-dioxygenase and 4CBA-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (4CBA-DD) catalyzed the degradation af 4CBA to produce 4-chlorocatechol in the pathway. In this study, the xylL gene encoding 4CBA-DD was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of Pseudomonas sp. S-47 and its nucleotide sequence was analyzed. The xylL gene was found to be composed of 777 nucleotide pairs and to encode a polypeptide of 28 kDa with 258 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the dehydrogenase (XylL) from strain S-47 exhibited 98% and 60% homologies with these of the corresponding enzymes, Pseudomonas putida mt-2 (XyIL) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (BenD), respectively. However, the amino arid sequences show 30% or less homology with those of Pseudomonas putida (BnzE), Pseudomonas putida Fl (TodD), Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 (BphB), and Pseudomonas sp. C18 (NahB). Therefore, the 4CBA-dihydrodiol dehdrogenase of strain S-47 belongs to the group I dehydrogenase involved in the degradation of mono-aryls with a carboxyl group.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.581-588
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• 2021

In this study, soil slurry bioreactors were used to treat soils containing 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 35 days. Five different soil samples were taken from manufactured gas plant (MGP) and coal tar disposal sites. Soil properties, such as carbon content and particle distribution, were measured. These properties were significantly correlated with percent biodegradation and degradation rate. The cumulative amount of PAH degraded (P), degradation rate (K_m), and lag phase (𝜆) constants of PAHs in different MGP soils for 16 PAHs were successfully obtained from nonlinear regression analysis using the Gompertz equation, but only those of naphthalene, anthracene, acenaphthene, fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, and benzo(g,h,i)perylene are presented in this study. A comparison between total non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic PAHs indicated higher maximum amounts of PAH degraded in the former than that in the latter owing to lower partition coefficients and higher water solubilities (S). The degradation rates of total non-carcinogenic compounds for all soils were more than four times higher than those of total carcinogenic compounds. Carcinogenic PAHs have the highest partitioning coefficients (K_oc), resulting in lower bioavailability as the molecular weight (MW) increases. Good linear relationships of K_m, 𝜆, and P with the octanol-water partitioning coefficient (K_ow), MW, and S were used to estimate PAH remaining, lag time, and biodegradation rate for other PAHs.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2005

Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants are mostly based on biological treatment, in which large amounts of excess sludge are generated and occupy about 40 ~ 60% of the total sewage treatment costs. Several methods for sludge treatment has been so far reported as upgrading biodegradation of sludge; heat treatment, chemical treatment, including thermo-alkali and ozone, mechanical treatment including ultrasonic pulverization. But, it has a limitation in case of reducing the amount of excess sludge which are already producted. In this study, application of excess sludge reduction process using thermophilic aerobic bacteria for activated sludge was examined. The research was carried out two different stage. one for a biological wastewater treatment and the other for a thermophilic aerobic solubilization of the waste sludge. A portion of excess sludge from the wastewater treatment step was into the thermophilic aerobic sludge solubilization reactor, in which the injected sludge was solubilized by thermophilic aerobic bacteria. The solubilized sludge was returned to the aeration tank in the wastewater treatment step for its further degradation. Sludge solubilization reactor was operated at $63{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 1.5 ~ 1.7 day. Control group was operated with activated sludge process(AS) and experiment group was operated with three conditions(RUN 1, RUN 2, RUN3). RUN 1 was operated with AS without sludge solubilization reactor. RUN 2 were operated with AS with sludge solubilization reactor to examine correlation between sludge circulation ratio and sludge reduction ratio by setting up sludge circulation ratio to 3. RUN 3 was operated with sludge circulation ratio of 3 and MLSS concentration of 1,700~2,000mg/L to examine optimum operation condition. The quantity of excess sludge production was reduced sharply and in operation of RUN 3, sludge The quantity of excess sludge production was reduced sharply and in operation of RUN 3, sludge solubilization ratio and sludge reduction ratio were 53. 7%, 95.2% respectively. After steady state operation, average concentration of TBOD, SBOD, $TCOD_{Cr}$, $SCOD_{Cr}$, TSS, VSS, T-N, T-P of effluent were 4.5, 1.7, 27 .8, 13.8, 8.1, 6.2, 15.1, 1.8mg/L in the control group and were 5.6, 2.0, 28.6, 19.1, 9.7, 7.2, 16.1, 2.0mg/L in the experimental group respectively. They were appropriate to effluent standard of Sewage Treatment Plants.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2004

폐기물의 혐기성 분해반응은 메탄 발생 및 건강 위해성 등과 같은 악영향을 줄 수 있다. 폐기물을 호기적인 조건에서 분해하는 것은 메탄발생 억제 및 폐기물의 조기 안정화를 촉진하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 굴착폐기물을 충전한 모의 매립조를 호기 및 혐기 조건으로 운전함으로써 공기주입이 매립지의 조기안정화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 전주 S 비위생 매립지(매립기간: 1991. 11~1994. 11)에서 폐기물을 굴착하여 시료로 이용하였다. 굴착폐기물은 물리적 조성은 토사류, 비닐/플라스틱류의 난분해성 및 비분해성 물질이 대부분이었다. 호기성 매립조의 발생가스 조성에서 비교적 높은 산소와 이산화탄소 농도가 나타나 미생물에 의한 호기성 분해가 활발하게 일어나고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 굴착폐기물의 혐기성 분해는 매우 미미하여 혐기성 매립조에서는 저농도의 $CH_4$ 가스가 발생하였다. 모의매립조의 침출수 pH는 혐기성 매립조 7.7~8.9, 호기성 매립조 7.3~8.5로 약알카리성을 나타내었다. BOD, COD, $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$의 농도변화를 관찰해 보았을 때, 굴착폐기물에 공기를 주입하여 호기성 조건을 만들어 주는 것은 유기물의 생물학적 분해를 가속화하여 침출수의 수질 개선에 큰 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다.