• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.151-158
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• 1992

Topographic mapping from economic SPOT stereo imagery than aerial photographs has become possible. Many of authors have studied the possibility of base map revisions and the accuracy of results. They have concluded that the SPOT image is suitable for 1/50,000 to 1/100,000 topographic map. For topographic map, orthophoto and DTM generation from SPOT imagery, accurate exterior orientation parameters are needed. But since the geometric characteristic of SPOT image is dynamic linear array imagery, the conventional bundle adjustment for photogrammetry can not be directly applied. Reliability is the ability to detect gross error, which is called the internal reliability, and the effect of non-detectable gross error on the results of exterior orientation, which is called the external reliability. This paper shows how the reliability of SPOT imagery depends on the different coordinate systems, presentations of coordinate for flight direction, orders of exterior orientation parameters and distribution of control points, and thus analyses the theoretical reliability of the exterior orientation, which can provide a basis for the planning of SPOT projects.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.394-399
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• 2009

Aldose reductase (AR) is a critical enzyme in the development of the diabetic complications. AR, the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, catalyzes the reduction of the aldehyde form of glucose to sorbitol with concomitant conversion of NADPH to $NADP^+$. None of aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) has achieved worldwide use because of limited efficacy or undesirable side effects. Therefore, evaluating natural sources for ARI potential may lead to the development of safer and more effective agents against diabetic complications. Forty eight Chinese herbal medicines have been investigated for inhibitory activities on AR. Among them, seven herbal medicines, Buddleja officinalis (whole plant), Lonicera japonica (leaf and flower), Polygonum aviculare (aerial part), Polygonum aviculare (whole plant), Salvia miltiorrhiza (root), Schisandra chinensis (stem), and Zanthoxylum armatum (leaf and stem) exhibited a significant inhibitory activity against AR. Particularly, L. japonica and P. aviculare showed two times more potent inhibitory activity than the positive control, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (TMG).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 1993

This study is a efficient management techniques of road by facility database. The purpose of road ledger investigate the property of road facility, the present condition of the location, the quality of the material of the ground and underground facility. Also, this is used to make plan for construction, and investment program of the road. To build road database, photogrammetry, ground control surveying and aerial photogrammetry must be performed. After the research of the road facility, a underground facility map and the road drawings are to be made. In this study, model area is the KUMJUNG-KU in Pusan where an industrial road is located on. There are about 7,000 signal lampes and traffic safety boards. It is possible to manage scientifical and efficient road ledger though statistical handling using facility database. In this paper, authors found the database of road facility through basic circumstances in the use of SML of ARC/INFO.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2014

Macronutrients ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$), yield and yield components, bioaccumulation and translocation of metal in plant parts of three Vigna species (V. cylindrica, V. mungo, V. radiata) were evaluated at 0, 50, 100 and $150mgkg^{-1}$ soil of Nickel (Ni). A marked inhibition (p < 0.001) in the distribution of various macronutrients was noticed in these Vigna species except for $Mg^{2+}$ content of the shoot and leaves. Similarly, all species retained more $Ca^{2+}$ in their roots (p < 0.05) as compared to the aerial tissues. Ni induced a drastic decline (p < 0.001) for various yield and yield attributes except for 100 seed weight. Toxicity and accumulation of Ni in plant tissues considerably increased in a concentration dependent manner. Vigna species signify an exclusion approach for Ni tolerance as both bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF) were less than 1.0. The Ni content of plants being root > shoot > leaves > seeds. Scoring for percentage stimulation and inhibition (respective to control) at varying levels of Ni revealed tolerance of the species in an order of V. radiata > V. cylindrica > V. mungo. The acquisition of Ni tolerance in V. radiata seems to occur through an integrated mechanism of metal tolerance that includes sustainable macronutrients uptake, stronger roots due to greater deposition of $Ca^{2+}$in the roots, restricted transfer of Ni to above ground tissues and seeds as well as exclusion capacity of the roots to bind appreciable amount of metal to them. Thus, metal tolerant potential of V. radiata could be of great significance to remediate metal contaminated soil owing lesser impact of Ni on macro-nutrients, hence the yield.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.E
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• pp.1-19
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• 1990

Abstract Over the last several decades, crop production in the United States increased largely due to the extensive use of animal waste and fertilizers as plant nutrient supplements, and pesticides for crops pests and weed control. Without the application of animal waste best management, the use of animal waste can result in nonpoint source pollution from agricultural land area. In order to increase nutrient levels and decrease contamination from agricultural lands, nonpoint source pollution is responsible for water quality degradation. Nonpoint source pollutants such as animal waste, ferilizers, and pesticides are transported primarily through runoff from agricultural areas. Nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, can be a major water quality problem because they cause eutrophic algae growth. In 1985, it was presented that Watershed/Water Quality Monitoring for Evaluation BMP Effectiveness was implemented for Nomini Creek Watershed, located in Westmoreland County, Virginia. The watershed is predominantly agricultural and has an aerial extent of 1505 ha of land, with 43% under cropland, 54% under woodland, and 3% as homestead and roads. Rainfall data was collected at the watershed from raingages located at sites PNI through PN 7. Streams at stations QN I and QN2 were being measured with V-notch weirs. Water levels at the stream was measured using an FW-l Belfort (Friez FWl). The water quality monitoring system was designed to provide comprehensive assessment of the quality of storm runoff and baseflow as influenced by changes in landuse, agronomic, and cultural practices ill the watershed. As this study was concerned with the Nomini Creek Watershed, the separation of storm runoff and baseflow measured at QNI and QN2 was given by the master depletion curve method, and the loadings of baseflow and storm runoff for TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) were analyzed from 1987 through 1989. The results were studied for the best management practices to reduce contamination and loss of nutrients, (e.g., total nitrogen and total phosphorus) by nonpoint source pollution from agricultural lands.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.574-579
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• 2016

Unlike general unmanned aerial vehicles, the quad-rotor is attracting the attention of many people because of simple structure and very useful value. However, as the interest in drones increases, the safety and location of vehicles are becoming more important provide against aviation safety accidents or lost accidents. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a tracking system that stabilizes the model with a simple controller by linearized modeling and grasp tilt angle data from various sensor through the filter. The developed tracking system transmits the position of the quad-rotor in flight to the computer and shows it through the route, so it can check the flight path and various information such as flight speed and altitude at the same time. Then the sensor used in the actual quad-rotor can not measure exact sensor data for disturbance and vibration. So we use sensor fusion of Kalman filter and Complementary filter to overcome this problem and the stability of the quad-rotor hovering is realized by PID control. Through simulation, various information such as the speed, position, and altitude of the quad-rotor were confirmed in real time.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 1998

In vitro phosphorylation experiments with a cell extract of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) M130 in the presence of ${\gamma}-[^32P]$]ATP revealed the presence of multiple phosphorylated proteins, including the AfsR/AfsK kinases which control the biosynthesis of A-factor, actinorhodin, and undecylprodigiosin. Phosphorylation of AfsR by a cell extract as an AfsK source was significantly inhibited by Ser/Thr protein kinase inhibitors, staurosporine and K-252a, at concentrations giving 50% inhibition ($IC_50$) of $1{\mu}M\;and\;0.1{\mu}M$, respectively. Further in vitro experiments with the cell extracts showed that phosphorylation of multiple proteins was inhibited by various protein kinase inhibitors with different inhibitory profiles. Manganese and calcium ions in the reaction mixture also modulate phosphorylation of multiple proteins. Manganese at 10 mM greatly enhanced the phosphorylation and partially circumvented the inhibition caused by staurosporine and K-252a. A calcium-activated protein kinase(s) was little affected by these inhibitors. Herbimycin and radicicol, which are known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, did not show any significant inhibition of AfsR phosphorylation. Consistent with the in vitro effect of the kinase inhibitors, they inhibited aerial mycelium formation and pigmented antibiotic production on solid media. On the contrary, when assayed in liquid culture, the amount of actinorhodin produced was increased by staurosporine and K-252a and greatly decreased by manganese. All of these data clearly show that the genus Streptomyces possesses several protein kinases of eukaryotic types which are involved in the regulatory network for morphogenesis and secondary metabolism.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2001

Some wingless species have evolved take-off behaviors that enable them to become airborne. We examined aerodynamic attributes of dispersal relative to the body size and standing vs. walking postures for three phytoseiids that were suspected to have different take-off behaviors and dispersal abilities, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, Neoseiulus fallacis (Carman) and N. californicus (McGregor). The average vertical profile of Pp in the walking position was significantly higher than those of Nf and Nc when in walking position. The body height of Nf in the standing posture was significantly greater than the body height of Pp when in the walking position. Cross-section areas also showed similar patterns of difference. Nf in the standing posture would have more than twice the drag force than in walking posture because of more fluid momentum in the wind boundary layer However, Pp in the walking position would have similar drag to Nf in the standing posture because of a higher vertical profile and larger size. Thus we add the scientific evidence of presence and absence of take-off behavior of some phytoseiid mites and evolutionary aspects of aerial dispersal are further discussed.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2007

Free radicals are known to play important role in pathophysiology of hepatic disorders and antioxidants are employed along with other chemotherapeutic agents in treatment of such diseases. In search of natural antioxidant, successive extracts of Hypericum (H.) hookerianum (Family: Hypericaceae) were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. Extracts of aerial parts of H. hookerianum were subjected for 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), nitric oxide radicals scavenging assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Methanolic extract was found to be more active than other extracts in DPPH and in vitro TBARS assay with $IC_{50}$ at 5.82 ${\pm}$ 1.33 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 49.78 ${\pm}$ 3.79 ${\mu}g/ml$ respectively. While petroleum ether extract showed more potentials in scavenging the nitric oxide radicals with $IC_{50}$ 220.97 ${\pm}$ 2.69 ${\mu}g/ml$. The administration of $CCl_{4}$ to the control animals caused decrease in the level of catalase and superoxide dismutase, together with significant increase in the level of TBARS in liver and kidney. Reversal of these changes towards normal group was observed by administration of H. hookerianum methanolic extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, while other extracts were found to be less active.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.13 no.4 s.35
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• pp.373-380
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• 2005

Mobile Mapping Systems are effective systems to acquire the position and image data using vehicle equipped with the GPS (Global Positioning System), IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), and CCD camera. They are used in various fields of road facility management, map update, and etc. In the general photogrammetry such as aerial photogrammetry, GCP (Ground Control Point)s are needed to compute the image exterior orientation elements (the position and attitude of camera). These points are measured by field survey at the time of data acquisition. But it costs much time and money. Moreover, it is not possible to make sufficient GCP as much as we want. However Mobile Mapping Systems are more efficient both in time and money because they can obtain the position and attitude of camera at the time of photographing. That is, Image Orientation Technique must use GCP to compute the image exterior orientation elements, but on the other hand Direct Georeferencing can directly compute the image exterior orientation elements by GPS/INS. In this paper, we analyze about the positional accuracy comparison of ground point using the Image Orientation Technique and Direct Georeferencing Technique.