• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.403-413
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• 2008

This study was conducted to select excellent tank mix combinations of pesticides for aerial application by manned helicopter. Among 209 pesticide combinations of 3-way tank-mixing for aerial application, a total of 93 recommendable combinations including tricyclazole SC+validamycin-A SL+imidacloprid SL were finally selected for the simultaneous control of key pests on paddy rice such as blast, sheath blight, brown planthopper and moth. The selected combinations were not phytotoxic to rice plants and nearby non-target crops, and excellent in physicochemical properties of ultra low volume (ULV) spray solutions. The efficacies on sheath blight, brown planthoppers and white-backed planthoppers of pesticides sprayed by aerial application were similar to those of pesticides by conventional spraying. Total cost of aerial application in paddy rice was very economical as one fourth level of that of conventional spraying.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.230-236
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• 2007

In this study, a tail rotor system for an agricultural RF controlled helicopter was developed and tested. This study concluded the mechanical development of the 'Agro-heli' by completing the tail rotor system and its radio console. The RF control system was closely related with the tail system for the control of flying attitude. The thrust of the tail system balance off the reaction torque, created by the main rotor. Lifting tests with and without the tail system were compared for estimating the consumption of power. The tail system would use $4{\sim}5%$ of the total power which was in an acceptable range. Flying performance and attitude was visually inspected. It showed reliable and safe control during the distance flying trials and could be adapted for utilization in aerial applications. Aerial application using an RF controlled agricultural helicopter may make precise and timely spraying possible.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

In order to develop an precision aerial pesticide application system to be attached to an unmanned helicopter which can be applied to small lots of land, this study analyzed the flowing and spraying characteristics of the spray droplets by the main rotor downwash by setting the application conditions at the flight altitude of 3 m, the diameter of main rotor of 3.1 m, the boom length of around 2.8 m, and the spraying rate of 8 L/ha. The results of this study are summarized below. Through analysis of the covering area ratio of the spray droplets by main rotor downwash by nozzle type, boom with tilt angle and height, it was found that the covering area ratio of the twin flat-fan nozzle of around 25% was more uniform than other types of nozzle, also boom with $10^{\circ}$ tilt angle and spraying height of 3 m was shown to be the appropriate conditions for aerial application of pesticides. It was found that the nozzle position to minimize the scattering loss of spray droplets due to vortex phenomenon at both ends of the main rotor was around 10 cm from the end of the main rotor. An application test for the aerial pesticide application system attached to the HUA-ACEI unmanned helicopter developed by the Rural Development Administration showed that the range of covering area ratio of the spray droplets was 10-25%, and the spraying width was approximately 7 m when over 10% of covering area ratio was considered for valid spraying.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2009

This paper presents results from field studies carried out to monitor off-target droplet movement of endosulfan insecticide applied to the Korea chestnut tree area. As a results, mean airborne drift values were recorded 25m as average from downwind of a single flight line(sample line) in mountain terrain and mean effective swath width was recorded 19.5m as average in a plain. In terms of characteristics of geography of Korea aerial application is mainly carried out in mountain terrain. The equipment, weather conditions, and appropriate aerial spray technic are required for effective aerial application. In particular, the pilot can get effective results when he only sprays with consideration of environment factors since there is much turbulence in mountain terrain. Eventually, the most effective factor of droplets drift is to estimate the local weather conditions exactly.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.2 s.115
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• pp.95-101
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• 2006

Present chemical application system using a power sprayer has been a labor intensive, ineffective and shirking task in farming. Therefore, a small RF controlled (unmanned) helicopter was suggested to replace the conventional spray system. The aerial application using the unmanned helicopter has been already utilized in Japan, where total area applied up to 704,000 ha in 2005. In this article, the status and cost analysis on the unmanned agricultural helicopter were studied. The aerial application using the agricultural helicopter helps precise and timely spraying and reduces labor intensity and pollution. The field capacity of the helicopter was found to be 60-70 ha a day. The break even point was estimated near the operating area of 750 ha annum. The development of an agricultural helicopter was necessary for taking advantages of both technique and economy.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2006

This paper describes UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) control system which employs PC104 modules. It is controlled by application program based on Linux OS. This application consists of both Linux device driver in kernel-space and user application in user-space. In order to get data required in the unmanned flight, external devices are connected to PC104 modules. We explain how Linux device drivers deal with data transmitted by external devices and we account for how the user application controls UAV on the basis of data processed in the device driver as well. Furthermore we look into the role of GCS (Ground Control Station) which is to monitor the state of UAV.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2007

The study was carried out to establish buffer zone for the protection of the non-target organisms by aerial pesticide application. The two pesticide combination of 3-way tank-mixing of three pesticides for aerial application, ferimzone tricyclazole SC + BPMC EC + validamycin-A SL and hexaconzole EC + isoprothiolane EC+phenthoate EC were selected for the simultaneous control of key pests on paddy rice as blast, sheath blight, brown planthopper and moth. Aquatic organisms including killifish and loach in the paddy field and nearby water reservoirs were not affected by aerial application of the pesticides. However, all the water flea were killed, when they were exposed 10 m from the aerially sprayed site, while the water flea exposed in 30 m away from the site were not affected. Honeybees within 50 m in the wind direction and 20 m in the opposite wind direction showed a mortality of $7{\sim}100%$. Residues concentration of the pesticides in paddy water were not detectable level after six days from aerial application. Drifting distance of aerially sprayed droplet from the target area was within 30 m in the wind direction and 20 m in the opposite direction. Consequently, it was the buffer zones in the aerial pesticides application for the protection of the non-target organisms should be at least 50 m for aquatic organisms and 100 m for honeybees.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.6_2
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• pp.969-977
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• 2022

Currently, in Korea, aerial photogrammetry is being studied for cadastral boundaries and numerical maps. Since the announced value of cadastral survey is closely related to ownership, the accuracy and reliability of the published value should be emphasized above all else. However, although aerial photogrammetry has great advantages in economic feasibility and surveying efficiency, it has many limitations when extracting the boundary of cadastral survey based on the acquired image. In order to improve these limitations, in this study, an aerial target was applied to obtain reliability improvement. Therefore, in order to examine the usefulness of aerial photogrammetry for cadastral survey application, cadastral boundary extraction and accuracy comparison analysis were conducted.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.597-604
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to prevent the decrease in crop output by disease and insect pests and excessive spraying of agricultural pesticides by application uniformity. A 3m height and 15km/h speed is difficult to maintain with an unmanned helicopter for aerial application, which has been affected by the controlling habits and methods or environmental factors, such as changes in the wind. Therefore, in this study, an aerial application system was design to be attached to an unmanned helicopter, which can allow a controlled application width and spray rate automatically and verified experimentally using Rmax of MS-AVIATION. The size of agricultural land was 50 m2 and nine water sensitive cards were arranged at 1.25m intervals in 5 rows with each row having a 10m interval from the position of 5m. The unmanned helicopter was flying at speeds ranging from 7.2km/h to 17.6km/h and heights ranging from 2.32m to 3.47m. The proposed aerial application system allowed application uniformity by making a valid spraying area of 7.5 m2 with 46423 particles distributed on average.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of benzobicyclon mixtures by using Remote-controlled aerial application (RCAA) to control annual and perennial weeds in rice paddy field. Eight annual weed species including Echinochloa crus-galli L. and three perennial weeds were dominated in the experimental field. Application of benzobicyclon mixtures using RCAA was highly effective to control both annual and perennial weed species. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of benzobicyclon mixtures. Finally, rice yield in the benzobicyclon mixtures was as much as that in the hand weeding. This study indicates that benzobicyclon mixtures using RCAA can be applied to control both annual and perennial weed species in rice paddy field.