• Archives of design research
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• v.13
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• pp.177-200
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to show the textile designers how to be creative and how to accept other ideas which are not necessarily of their own, and to show what exactly creating anything means. During the 1950's and'60s. America and Europe reached their peak in developing their consumption culture. After World War II, America achieved an astonished feat in developing its thechnology and industry to cause the economy to a rapid ascendence. The U.S. government adopted the Keynsian theory in its economic policy. The Keynsian theory advocates the consumer spending. And during this time period the American public developed consumption habit. Mass production and mass media went in hand to induce the public to buy. The public became an important target for the advertising stratages of the industry. In order for the industry to advertise the mass produced products, it had to utilize the mass media such as television, newspaper, and magazine. And mass media came into play an important role not to advertise the products, but to imform and educate the public about the products. This corporate stratege is further enhanced by the desire of the American public to climb up the ladder by way of material possession. Pop Art was born not only in reflecting the ideology of the consumption culture, but acted as a catalyst for more spending. The subjects of Pop Art are cars, foods, comics, Hollywood actors and movie scenes, the famous singers or persons. Andy Warhol specifically used the chosen image repeatedly to emphasize the redundacy of the image. The common factors which exist between Andy Warhol's Pop Art and textile design is the repetition in form, and the way of transferring an image to a canvas - Warhol used the frotttage technique to transfer an image to a canvas and textile design is transferred to a paper by way of transferring technique. Also the way Warhol thought of his paintings as a decorative elements and made a couple of his paintings into wallpapers or exhibits his painstings wall to wall demonstrates his close alliance with the textile design, let alone his comercial design background. In this study, I examined the inter-relationship between textile design and Pop Art. To carry out this study, I examined the comsumption culture: and the biomorphic relationship of culture and art: and Pop art and its transience stage. The major finding of this study is there exists a common denomenator between textile design and Pop Art, especially of Andy Warhol's.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.253-272
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• 2012

One of the fastest growing sectors in tourism industry is the use of applications from the MICE industry in various parts including business, politics, and cultural exchange due to globalization among the countries. The means-end chain theory suggests that convention participants perceive and judge convention destination as the means to achieving a desired end-state in a given destination selection situation. This study aims at establishing a convention destination's attributes, the benefits of consequences of using it, and the personal values it satisfies. A laddering interview was conducting in order to provide in-depth probing and to elicit responses from 96 visitors. This study presents the unique pyramid-structure of the means-end chain; a model linking perceived convention destination attributes to values. Understanding these concepts provides opportunities for convention destinations to target market segmentation and advertising based on the participants' desired end-states. In conclusion, the major correlations of attributions of the visitors, consequences, and the values are; informativeness(A), activity(A), tourist attraction(A) - sympathy(C), human relations(C) - self-development(V), and fellowship(V).

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.35
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• pp.292-328
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• 2006

This study examined Korean Public Relations trend and social acceptance in 1960s. It centers on the acceptance conditions of PR concept, corporate PR and governmental PR. It analyzed PR recognition and practical activities of the general corporations, financial institutions and public corporations in dealing with corporate PR. It also analyzed Korean governmental PR through examining the structure of governmental PR system, PR activities in rural communities and the police. In those days, PR concept had been misused to no small degree and not been accepted correctly that the necessity to let people know PR in its proper meaning was raised. Laying emphasis upon the technical side, corporate PR activities had centered on publicity. Especially, at that time, the banks, the insurance companies and the public corporations had perceived the importance of PR and implemented a set of PR activities. It can be said that a special feature in government PR in 1960s lies in the expansion of the public information system and reinforcement of PR policies. Also, PR in rural communities had been doing to give information relating to agriculture technique and to improve the living conditions of the farm area. The importance of PR in police had been on the side of promoting relations with people and improving treatment of the people by policeman.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.175-189
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• 2014

This study was intended to provide fundamental data concerning franchising companies' characteristics and performance in foodservice business by employing financial data from the firms' IDS(Information Disclosure Statements). Multiple regression analysis method was used to identify any correlations among franchising size, marketing competency, operational characteristics, and performance according to technique based upon 169 IDS data as of 2013. In terms of franchisor size and performance, the number of company-operated stores had statistically significant corelation with sales, net income, the total number of stores, and the number of franchisees. With respect to marketing competency and performance, advertising expenses showed statistically significant correlation with sales, the total number of stores, promotion expenses with sales, net income, and the total number of stores. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant correlation with current year's net income. At last, present study found significant correlations among business years, sales, current year's net income, and the total number of stores by regarding operational characteristics and performance, but there was no significant correlation between brands and performance. This study is cross-sectional study which is a limitation to be overcome in further studies. In addition, it is required to review the possibility for franchise management style to contribute to expanding the Korean traditional foods.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 1996

We investigated the relationship between the attitudes and brand preference on the expression techniques of advertisement of underwears and actual buying. A total of 233 females living in Seoul and Taejon were surveyed to compare these points of five major underwear brands (Vivien, Ravora, Wacoal, Calvin Klein, Let'xes).The survey showed that the responders reacted more positively to the revolutionary advertising techniques of the Calvin Klein, and Let'xes than to the more conservative techniques of the Vivien, Ravora, and Wocoal.The most positive response was obtained from the Calvin klein's revolutionary techniques while the most negative response from the Ravora. The most preferred brand was the vivien, followed by the Calvin Klein, Wacoal, Ravora, and Let'xes. The degree of preference varied according to the demographic variables like age, schooling, income, occupation, and residential area. As for the motive of preference, the Calvin Klein ranked best in respect to shape, quality, advertisement, and comfortability. The price factor was best for the Ravora. The Let'xes ranked worst in all aspects. However, there was discrepancy between the attitudes on advertisement and the actual buying, this implying that the attitudes on advertisement did not seem to directly affect actual purchasing behavior.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.467-477
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present the ranking and difference of the importance and satisfaction of the swimsuit brand image that the swimsuit consumers perceive through the IPA and to provide the implications for the activation of the swimsuit industry market by diagramming it with the IPA matrix. To do this, we analyzed 298 questionnaire data for university students and graduate students and the following conclusions were drawn through the ranking of importance, satisfaction, and the corresponding sample t-test and IPA matrix. First, as a result of examining the ranking through the average of the importance and satisfaction of the swimsuit brand image, the importance showed average 4.0 or more in order of 'quality', 'functionality', 'price', 'design', 'trust', 'color', and the satisfaction showed average 3.5 or more in order of 'trust', 'quality', 'functionality' and 'awareness'. Second, as a result of difference verification in swimsuit brand image, it showed a significant difference in order of 'quality', 'price', 'functionality', 'design', 'color', 'trust', 'sophistication'. On the other hand, it showed no significant difference of cognitive images. Third, as a result of IPA of swimsuit brand image, the factors of 'design', 'functional', 'quality' and 'trust' were included in I quadrant, 'price' 'color' in II quadrant, 'advertising image', 'event', 'popularity', 'originality' in III quadrant, and 'awareness', 'sophistication' in IV quadrant.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.241-254
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• 2019

This study is a study on the consumer reaction to the augmented reality advertisement which is a recent issue. this study was conducted based on the necessity of marketing advertisement technique suitable for the 4th industrial revolution era. First, we present the types of augmented reality ads based on previous studies, and examined the effects of enjoyment and formation of brand attitudes on brand attachment on products or services based on the perceived value of consumers for these types of ads. This study is briefly summarized as follows. Hypothesis (H1) empirical value had a positive effect on pleasure, and hypothesis H2) empirical value also had a positive effect on brand attitude. Hypothesis (H3) symbolic value had a positive effect on pleasure and hypothesis (H4) symbolic value had positive influence on brand attitude. Hypothesis (H5) Practical value has a positive effect on pleasure. Hypothesis (H7) Pleasure affects positively (+) influence on brand attitude. Hypothesis (H8, H9) enjoyment affects affection and brand attitude affects affection positively. Hypothesis (H6) Practical value did not affect brand attitude positively. It can be seen that the augmented reality advertisement communicates with consumers through experience or symbolic side rather than perceive practical value by consumer. The implication of this study is that the augmented reality advertisement is highly interactive with consumers and can induce consumer participation. This means that consumers are more aware of empirical and symbolic values rather than experiencing practical value through augmented reality advertising.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2010

Understanding consumers' preferences and use of media types is imperative for marketing and advertising managers, especially in today's fragmented market. A clear understanding assists managers in making more effective selections of appropriate media outlets, yet individuals' choices of type and use of media are based on a variety of characteristics. This paper examines one personality trait, sensation seeking, which has not appeared in the literature examining "new" media preferences and use. Sensation seeking is a personality trait defined as "the need for varied, novel, and complex sensations and experiences and the willingness to take physical and social risks for the sake of such experiences" (Zuckerman 1979). Six hypotheses were developed from a review of the literature. Particular attention was given to the Uses and Gratification theory (Katz 1959), which explains various reasons why people choose media types and their motivations for using the different types of media. Current theory suggests that High Sensation Seekers (HSS), due to their needs for novelty, arousal and unconventional content and imagery, would exhibit higher frequency of use of new media. Specifically, we hypothesize that HSS will use the internet more than broadcast (H1a) or print media (H1b) and more than low (LSS) (H2a) or medium sensation seekers (MSS) (H2b). In addition, HSS have been found to be more social and have higher numbers of friends therefore are expected to use social networking websites such as Facebook/MySpace (H3) and chat rooms (H4) more than LSS (a) and MSS (b). Sensation seekers can manifest into a range of behaviors including disinhibition,. It is expected that alternative social networks such as Facebook/MySpace (H5) and chat rooms (H6) will be used more often for those who have higher levels of disinhibition than low (a) or medium (b) levels. Data were collected using an online survey of participants in extreme sports. In order to reach this group, an improved version of a snowball sampling technique, chain-referral method, was used to select respondents for this study. This method was chosen as it is regarded as being effective to reach otherwise hidden population groups (Heckathorn, 1997). A final usable sample of 1108 respondents, which was mainly young (56.36% under 34), male (86.1%) and middle class (58.7% with household incomes over USD 50,000) was consistent with previous studies on sensation seeking. Sensation seeking was captured using an existing measure, the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (Hoyle et al., 2002). Media usage was captured by measuring the self reported usage of various media types. Results did not support H1a and b. HSS did not show higher levels of usage of alternative media such as the internet showing in fact lower mean levels of usage than all the other types of media. The highest media type used by HSS was print media, suggesting that there is a revolt against the mainstream. Results support H2a and b that HSS are more frequent users of the internet than LSS or MSS. Further analysis revealed that there are significant differences in the use of print media between HSS and LSS, suggesting that HSS may seek out more specialized print publications in their respective extreme sport activity. Hypothesis 3a and b showed that HSS use Facebook/MySpace more frequently than either LSS or MSS. There were no significant differences in the use of chat rooms between LSS and HSS, so as a consequence no support for H4a, although significant for MSS H4b. Respondents with varying levels of disinhibition were expected to have different levels of use of Facebook/MySpace and chat-rooms. There was support for the higher levels of use of Facebook/MySpace for those with high levels of disinhibition than low or medium levels, supporting H5a and b. Similarly there was support for H6b, Those with high levels of disinhibition use chat-rooms significantly more than those with medium levels but not for low levels (H6a). The findings are counterintuitive and give some interesting insights for managers. First, although HSS use online media more frequently than LSS or MSS, this groups use of online media is less than either print or broadcast media. The advertising executive should not place too much emphasis on online media for this important market segment. Second, social media, such as facebook/Myspace and chatrooms should be examined by managers as potential ways to reach this group. Finally, there is some implication for public policy by the higher levels of use of social media by those who are disinhibited. These individuals are more inclined to engage in more socially risky behavior which may have some dire implications, e.g. by internet predators or future employers. There is a limitation in the study in that only those who engage in extreme sports are included. This is by nature a HSS activity. A broader population is therefore needed to test if these results hold.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.29-56
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• 2021

Recently, various types of products have been launched with the rapid growth of the e-commerce market. As a result, many users face information overload problems, which is time-consuming in the purchasing decision-making process. Therefore, the importance of a personalized recommendation service that can provide customized products and services to users is emerging. For example, global companies such as Netflix, Amazon, and Google have introduced personalized recommendation services to support users' purchasing decisions. Accordingly, the user's information search cost can reduce which can positively affect the company's sales increase. The existing personalized recommendation service research applied Collaborative Filtering (CF) technique predicts user preference mainly use quantified information. However, the recommendation performance may have decreased if only use quantitative information. To improve the problems of such existing studies, many studies using reviews to enhance recommendation performance. However, reviews contain factors that hinder purchasing decisions, such as advertising content, false comments, meaningless or irrelevant content. When providing recommendation service uses a review that includes these factors can lead to decrease recommendation performance. Therefore, we proposed a novel recommendation methodology through CNN-based review usefulness score prediction to improve these problems. The results show that the proposed methodology has better prediction performance than the recommendation method considering all existing preference ratings. In addition, the results suggest that can enhance the performance of traditional CF when the information on review usefulness reflects in the personalized recommendation service.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.528-536
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• 2023

In Korea, from January 2023, the Act on Labeling and Advertising of Food was revised to reflect the use-by-date rather than the sell-by-date. Hence, the purpose of this study was to establish a system for calculating the safety factor and determining the recommended use-by-date for each food type, thereby providing a scientific basis for the recommended use-by-date labels. A safety factor calculation technique based on scientific principles was designed through literature review and simulation, and opinions were collected by conducting surveys and discussions including industry and academia, among others. The main considerations in this study were pH, Aw, sterilization, preservatives, packaging for storage improvement, storage temperature, and other external factors. A safety factor of 0.97 was exceptionally applied for frozen products and 1.0 for sterilized products. In addition, a between-sample error value of 0.08 was applied to factors related to product and experimental design. This study suggests that clearly providing a safe use-by-date will help reduce food waste and contribute to carbon neutrality.