• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2012

In order to use sea breezes to counter the heat island phenomena, i.e. to promote urban ventilation, it is necessary to clarify the effect of building morphology and height on large-scale wind fields. In this study, the sea breeze in the vicinity of the Kanto Plain in Japan is simulated using a mesoscale meteorological model incorporating an urban canopy model, and the inland penetration of sea breezes is accurately reproduced. Additionally, a mean kinetic energy balance within a domain (Control Volume; CV) moving along the sea breeze is analysed. From the results, it is clarified that the sea breeze is interrupted by the resistance and turbulence caused by buildings at the centre of Tokyo. The interruption effect is increased in accordance with the height of these buildings. On the other hand, adverse pressure gradients interrupt in the internal region.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

This study provides empirical evidences for the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, and relationship of income inequality with some of explanatory variables such as technological innovation, trade globalization, financial globalization and fiscal policy. We find out that income inequality has an adverse effect on economic growth, showing its dynamic features, for which we employed the polynomial distributed lags (PDL) model. The effect of income inequality on economic growth lasts over 9 years, and its dynamic effect peaks after 4 years. In addition, we also attempted to find out empirical evidences of sources of income inequality. The results show that income inequality is positively related to technological innovation, financial globalization, and fiscal policy; negatively related to the trade globalization. Many studies employ cross-country data, but it could have serious problems in collecting statistical data. Korean data is used over the time period of 1990-2015 in this study.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.431-442
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• 2015

Dead-time element must be set into space vector pulsed width modulation signals to avoid short circuits of the inverter. However, the dead-time element distorts the output voltage vector, which deteriorates the performance of electrical machine drive system. In this paper, dead-time effect and its compensation control strategy are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the voltage distortion caused by dead-time is regarded as two disturbances imposed on dq axes in the rotor reference frame, which degenerates the current tracking performance. To inhibit the adverse effect caused by the dead-time, a control scheme using two linear extended state observers is proposed. This method provides a strong ability to suppress dead-time effects. Simulations and experiments are conducted on a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report the oriental-western cooperative treatment on opthalmic and dermatologic disease caused by adverse effect of filler injection galbella region. Method : After filler injection, a patient suffers from spontenous blineness and palsy of oculomotor and trochlear nerve on right eye and erythema on glabella and nasal region. She is admitted to kyung-hee oriental hospital for 2 weeks with oriental(herbal-medicine, acupunture and nega treatment) and western(department of opthalmology, dermatology and plastic surgery measurement) treatment. Result & Conclusion : Nerve palsy was recovered near to normal. And skin legion was proceeded to recovery period without any complication. This recovery speed with oriental-western cooperative treatment is much faster than usual treatment.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2021

Low-dose radiotherapy has been known to have anti-inflammatory activity and been used for treatment of pneumonia together with anti-serum and sulfanilamide. However, it rapidly discontinued after the development of various antibiotics showing outstanding effect. Recently, it was re-considered to treat COVID-19 which has very limited treatment such as remdesivir and dexamethasone. So, several studies of COVID-19 therapy using low-dose radiation were reported very recently. They showed that low-dose radiation of 0.5~1.5 Gy were useful for decreasing the oxygen consumption and hospitalization period of COVID-19 patients without adverse reaction. Radiopharmaceuticals such as [⁹⁹mTc]Tc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) also might be used for low-dose radiotherapy. Administration of vitamin D having anti-inflammatory effect would also be helpful for therapy with synergistic effect.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.228-238
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• 2005

Objectives : We conducted a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial to assess the anti-hypertensive effect of Ginseng and to know the difference of the effect according to it's growing districts md species by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM). Methods : We allocated 96 hypertensive patients enrolled in this trial to Korean ginseng(KG), American ginseng (AG), Chinese ginseng (CG), and Korean red ginseng (KRG) groups by randomization. Each subject was administered 4.5mg/day of encapsulated ginseng for 4 weeks. We assessed anti-hypertensive effect, blood pressure variability using ABPM and toxicity by blood chemistry before and after treatment. We also evaluated changes of symptoms due to hypertension and adverse effect in all groups at the first visit, 2 weeks later and 4 weeks later. Results : Blood pressure after treatments showed significant decrease of systolic blood pressure (sBP) in the CG-group (p<0,05) and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) in the KRG-group (p<0.05). However, there were no significant changes of sBP (or dBP) after treatment in the other groups and no significant difference in changes of BP between before and after treatment among the 4 groups. Blood pressure variability in the CG-group showed significant decrease after treatment but not in the KRG-group. Symptoms such as headache or neck stiffness and heating sensation due to hypertension improved significantly in all groups, especially in the KRG-group. A3l patients had no adverse effect after treatment and there was no liver or kidney toxicity. Conclusions : CG and KRG seem to have anti-hypertensive effects, but there was no significantly different effect depending on growing district and species of Ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2015

Background: Anticancer agents induce a variety of adverse effects when administered to cancer patients. Busulfan is a known antileukemia agent. When administered for treatment of leukemia in young patients, busulfan could cause damage to the male reproductive system as one of its adverse effects, resulting in sterility. Methods: We investigated the effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) on busulfan-induced damage and/or dysfunction of the male reproductive system. Results: We found that administration of busulfan to mice: decreased testis weight; caused testicular histological damage; reduced the total number of sperm, sperm motility, serum testosterone concentration; and eventually, litter size. Preadministration of KRGE partially attenuated various busulfan-induced damages to the male reproductive system. These results indicate that KRGE has a protective effect against busulfan-induced damage to the male reproduction system. Conclusion: The present study shows a possibility that KRGE could be applied as a useful agent to prevent or protect the male reproductive system from the adverse side effects induced by administration of anticancer agents such as busulfan.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.96-102
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• 2006

Background & Purpose : Acupuncture with aromatherapy (AA) is a branch of complementary or alternative therapy recently growing in use. As the use of aromatherapy itself has grown so rapidly in recent years, studies about its safety have been accumulating. However, safety of AA has not been studied clinically and the treatment method which has the needles inserted after spreading essential oils exposes the human body more directly to components than aromatherapy. Therefore, we examined the safety of AA on patients treated thereby and physicians practising it. Methods : We observed all inpatients treated with AA from November 21, 2005 to March 31, 2006, in Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center. During treatment, we monitored all of the newly developed signs from the patients to assess the adverse effects of AA. The patients' and physicians' general characteristics (gender, age, present illness, and treatment days) were obtained from medical records and analyzed to assess the clinical safety of AA in detail. Results : There were 440 patients treated with AA; clinical adverse effects appeared in 3 of them, which can be assessed as 0.7%. The major symptom was chest discomfort and choking originated from smell aversion condition (2 patients), and the other adverse effect was sensation of itching and reddening. However, none of them seemed to have direct relation with AA. A total of eight physicians applied AA and there were no symptoms related to it among them. Conclusions : We suggest that our results will contribute to confirming the safety of AA by offering clinical evidence.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2012

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a life-long chronic course with remissions and exacerbations. Use of biological therapies may reduce or delay the surgical procedures in patients with UC. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of infliximab (IFX) use on the rate of remission, surgical interventions, and the effect on quality of life in patients with moderate to severe UC. Literature was searched for studies that investigated the efficacy of IFX on the rate of remission, colectomy and quality of life (QoL) between January 1990 and June 2012 at MEDLINE, January 1988 and June 2012 at EMbase and others. Eleven trials were included in the meta-analysis; divided into placebo controlled 8 trials and intravenous corticosteroid controlled group 3 trials. In comparison to placebo control groups, patients who received IFX had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.712 (95% CI: 2.714, 5.079) for the short-term clinical remission, and 3.053 (95% CI: 2.044, 4.559) for the rate of long-term remission. In colectomy rate and quality of life (QoL), odds ratio were 0.566(95% CI: 0.387, 0.827) and 0.658 (0.505, 0.811) respectively. Any adverse reactions including infections, infusion reaction, rash and arthralgia were equivalent in both groups. Compared with intravenous corticosteroid controlled group, patients who received IFX had lower remission rate with short-term odds ratio 0.227 (95% CI: 0.033, 1.556) and long-term odds ratio 1.054 (95% CI: 0.317, 3.502) respectively. However, statistical significance was not showed with both two analyses. The higher adverse drug reaction (ADR) rates were occurred in the corticosteroid controlled groups. 73.3% of patients treated corticosteroid reported Cushing-like syndrome with moon face. In conclusion, IFX does increase remission rate and decrease the rate of colectomy in patients with UC without elevating any adverse reactions significantly. IFX also improves QoL in moderate to severe UC patients. It would not exceed the efficacy of intravenous corticosteroid, whereas intravenous corticosteroid also reported high rate of adverse reactions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.93-112
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• 2017

Objectives : To evaluate and summarize the efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment (AT) in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Methods : Fifteen databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, and eight Korean databases) were searched up to September 2016. Only trials in which acupuncture was the sole treatment were included. Fatigue was used as the primary outcome measure, while the quality of life, pain, mood disorders, and adverse events were used as secondary outcome measures. We adopted three classifications: AT vs Sham AT, AT vs Wait-list, AT vs Western medication. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality. Results : A total of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 869 participants were identified. In comparison with Sham AT, AT significantly alleviated fatigue and pain, but no conclusions about the quality of life and mood disorders could be drawn. In the Wait-list group and Western medication groups, patients with CFS might feel less fatigued following acupuncture treatment, but the evidence was insufficient due to lack of study. Nine of 11 RCTs (81.8%) reported adverse events and there were two cases of mild subcutaneous hemorrhage, but no serious adverse cases. Conclusion : This review found evidence that patients with CFS may generally benefit from alleviation of symptoms by acupuncture treatment, and there is no evidence of worsening symptoms or causing of serious adverse events. A positive effect on fatigue and pain was observed, but no conclusion for improving quality of life and mood disorders.