• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2001

A laboratory experiment was performed to invstigate the nitrate removal using FeCl$_3$ -treated activated carbon. Iron chloride(III) was coated onto the surface of activated carbon. The removal efficiency of nitrate was increased with increasing of FeCl$_3$ was used for coating material. About 22~26mg of Fe per unit g of activated carbon was adsorbed. The nitrate removal was not affected by the pH under the experiment range of pH, but the pH value in solution decrease to 3.5~4.0 after reaction. The removal efficiency of nitrate was increased with increasing of dosage of adsorbents. Ammonia was not detected and the Fe concentration as low as 0.22mg/$\ell$ was desorbed from the adsorbents. The adsorbents was regenerated using KCl solution, and recovery was 76.6% at 1 M of KCl. The adsorption of nitrate by FeCl$_3$-treated activated carbon followed the Freundlich isotherm equation and the Freundlich constant, 1/n, was 0.346. These results showed that the FeCl$_3$-treated activated carbon could serve as the basis of a useful nitrate removal.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
• /
• pp.361-364
• /
• 2002

본 연구에서는 오존과 생물활성탄을 연계시킨 공정을 통하여 용존 유기물질의 제거 경향을 살펴보았다. 오존 처리를 거치면서 원수중의 난분해성 용존 유기물질과 같이 생물학적 분해 속도가 느린 화합물의 상당량이 저분자 형태로 전환되었음을 파악할 수 있었으며, 오존 처리후의 생분해성의 향상에 의해 흡착의 부담이 경감되어 활성탄의 수명이 연장되는 것으로 조사되었다. 생물활성탄 반응조 내에서 여층 깊이에 따른 DOC 제거 경향을 알아본 결과, 전체 제거량의 약 50%가 column 상단에서 제거되었으며, 따라서 짧은 EBCT 에서도 용존 유기탄소의 제거는 용이한 것을 사료된다. 또한 유기 오염에 대한 지표로서 국내외에서 일반적으로 고도정수처리의 처리 대상물질로 선정되어 있는 암모니아성 질소의 제거는 75.9%로 상당히 높은 제거율을 나타내었다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.255-261
• /
• 2007

망간계 금속산화물을 이용한 저온 선택적 촉매 환원 반응에 대하여 연구하였다. 망간계 금속산화물은 $200^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온에서 우수한 탈질 특성을 보인다. 온도에 따른 $NH_3/NOx$ 몰비 변화 실험을 통하여 미반응 암모니아의 배출은 몰비가 증가하고 온도가 감소할수록 증가하였으며, $NO_2$의 발생은 반대의 현상을 보였다. $NO_2$는 NO가 촉매 표면에 흡착된 후 nitrate종으로 산화되어 생성되는 것으로 보인다. 촉매 표면에 생성된 nitrate종과 흡착된 암모니아가 반응하기 때문에 $NH_3/NOx$ 몰비 1.0 이상에서도 미반응 암모니아의 배출이 없었다. 담지된 금속산화물의 영향은 Zr은 산화상태를 증가시켜 $NO_2$의 배출이 증가하였으며, Ce를 첨가시킨 경우 $NO_2$ 발생량이 감소하였다. 그러나 금속산화물의 첨가는 전체적으로 NOx 전환율을 감소시켰다

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.367-375
• /
• 2006

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is well adopted for community wastewater treatment for its simplicity, performance and various advantageous treatment options. SBR is now drawing attention for its process modification such as coupled with membrane bioreactor, reverse osmosis or applying different media to achieve high removal efficiency. This study focused on the improved efficiency of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal by applying zeolite materials called bioceramics to the SBR. Two laboratory-scale SBR units were operated in the same operating conditions - one with bioceramics called Bioceramic SBR (BCSBR) and the other without bioceramics used as control. Routine monitoring of COD, TP, $NH_3-N$, $NO_3-N$ was performed throughout this study. COD removal was about 80% to 100% and phosphorous removal was about 60% in the process whereas $NH_3-N$ removal efficiency was found to be 99.9% in the BCSBR unit. Addition of bioceramics also improved sludge characteristics such as sludge dewaterability, specific gravity and particle size. BCSBR can withstand high ammonia shock loading leading to the better treatment capacity of high ammonia containing wastewater. The cause of improved removal efficiencies within the biological reactor could be attributed to the biochemosorption mechanisms of bioceramics. Absorption/adsorption or desorption capacity of bioceramics was tested through laboratory experiments.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.907-914
• /
• 2019

Ammonia (NH₃) that reacts with nitric or sulfuric acid in the air is the major culprit contributing to the formation of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). NH₃ volatilization mainly originates from nitrogen fertilizer and livestock manure applied to arable soil. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of peat moss (PM) and zeolite (ZL) is high enough to adsorb ammonium (NH₄⁺) in soil. Therefore, they might inhibit volatilization of NH₃. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of PM and ZL on NH₃ volatilization from upland soil. For this, a laboratory experiment was carried out, and NH₃ volatilization from the soil was monitored for 12 days. PM and ZL were added at the rate of 0, 1, 2, and 4% (wt wt^-1) with 354 N g m^-2 of urea. Cumulative NH₃-N volatilization decreased with increasing addition rate of both materials. Mean value of cumulative NH₃-N volatilization across application rate with PM was lower than that with ZL. CEC increased with increasing addition rate of both materials. While the soil pH increased with ZL, it decreased with PM. Increase in CEC resulted in NH₄⁺ adsorption on the negative charge of the external surface of both materials. In addition, decrease in soil pH hinders the conversion of NH₄⁺ to NH₃. Based on the above results, the addition of PM or ZL could be an optimum management to reduce NH₃ volatilization from the soil. However, PM was more effective in decreasing NH₃ volatilization than ZL due to the combined effect of CEC and pH.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of combining acidification with adsorbents (zeolite and biochar) to mitigate the environmental impacts of pig slurry, focusing on ammonia (NH₃) emission and nitrate (NO₃^-) leaching. The four treatments were applied: 1) pig slurry (PS) alone as a control, 2) acidified PS (AP), 3) acidified pig slurry with zeolite (APZ), and 4) acidified pig slurry with biochar (APB). The AP mitigates NH₃ emission and NO₃^- leaching compared to PS alone. Acidification reduced the cumulative NH₃ emission and its emission factor by 35.9% and 12.5%, respectively. The APZ and APB increased NH₄⁺-N concentration, with the highest level in APB, compared to AP. The NH₄⁺ adsorption capacity of APB (0.90 mg g^-1) was higher than that of APZ (0.63 mg g^-1). The APB and APZ treatments induced less NH₃ emission compared to AP. The cumulative NH₃ emission was reduced by 12.2% and 27.6% in APZ and APB, respectively, compared to AP treatment. NO₃^- leaching began to appear on days 12 and 13, and its peak reached on days 16 and 17, which were later than AP. The cumulative NO₃^- leaching decreased by 17.7% and 25.0% in APZ and APB, respectively, compared to AP treatment. These results suggest that combining biochar or zeolite with acidified pig slurry is an effective method to mitigate NH₃ emission and NO₃^- leaching, with biochar being particularly effective.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.532-539
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 건조된 저등급 석탄에 대하여 상온 또는 가온에서 다양한 기체를 이용한 표면처리를 수행한 전과 후 다양한 물리화학적 특성이 조사되었다. 건조된 저등급 석탄에 대하여 공업분석을 수행한 결과, 수분 함량이 2.0% 이하였으며, 상대적으로 휘발분, 고정탄소, 회분 등의 조성이 각각 44.2, 44.9, 8.9%로 구성됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 건조된 저등급 석탄에 대하여 원소분석을 수행한 결과, 탄소, 수소, 질소, 산소, 황 성분이 각각 62.66, 4.33, 0.94, 27.01, 0.09%의 조성으로 구성됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 건조된 저등급 석탄에 대하여 상온에서의 다양한 농도를 지니는 오존을 이용한 표면처리, $200^{\circ}C$에서의 5 vol% 농도의 암모니아를 이용한 표면처리 과정 전과 후에 대하여 FT-IR, 원소분석, 공업분석, $NH_3-TPD$, 발열량 측정, 열무게 분석에 의한 산화 특성, 발화점 측정, 수분 흡착 등의 물리화학적 특성이 조사되었다. 그 결과, 상온에서 수행된 오존에 의한 표면처리 과정 후에는 오존 기체에 의하여 석탄의 표면이 산화 과정을 통하여 함산소 관능기가 형성되어 산소 함유량이 증가, 상대적으로 탄소 및 수소 함유량이 감소되어 발열량이 저하되었다. 또한 발화점이 저하되었으며, 수분 흡착이 촉진되었다. 이와는 달리 $200^{\circ}C$에서 암모니아에 의한 표면처리 후에는 표면처리 전 석탄이 지니고 있는 함산소 관능기를 분해 및 소실시킴으로써 산소성분의 함량이 감소, 상대적으로 탄소 및 수소 성분의 함량이 증가되어 발열량이 증가되었으며, 발화점이 높아졌다. 이를 통하여 표면처리 방법에 따라 건조된 저등급 석탄에 대한 조성 및 기타 물리화학적 특성들의 변화를 확인하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.69-73
• /
• 2004

새우양식장의 저질에서 암모니아, 황화수소가스와 같은 독성물질의 용출은 수질관리에서 매우 중요하다. 그러므로 이 연구에서는 칼럼에 저질을 주입하고 저질 개선제로 활성탄, 제올라이트, 패각 그리고 철 등을 주입하여 저질로부터 용출되는 독성물질을 중심으로 수질에 미치는 영행을 평가하였다. 암모니아 질소($NO_3$)는 제올라이트와 패각을 주입한 곳에서 효과적으로 제거되었다. 제올라이트는 암모늄이온($NH_4^+$)을 이온교환으로 제거된 것으로 판단되며, 패각은 pH의 상승을 방지하여 안정하게 pH를 유지시켜 암모니아가스($NO_3$)의 농도를 낮게 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 황화수소와 COD는 활성탄을 주입한 곳에서 효과적으로 제거되었으며 황화수소는 패각에서도 부분적으로 제거가 일어난 것으로 나타났다. 인은 활성탄, 패각, 철에서 잘 제거되었다. 새우 양식장에서는 특히, 주간에 플랑크톤의 광합성에서 의해서 pH가 상승하게 되며 이것은 암모니아가스의 농도가 높게 된다. 그러나 패각의 주입은 pH의 상승을 방지하여 암모니아가스의 농도가 높게 된다. 그러나 패각의 주입은 pH의 상승을 방지하여 암모니아가스의 농도를 낮게 유지할 수 있다는 것을 나타내고 있다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2017

The adsorptive removal properties of synthetic A4 zeolite were investigated against a total of 16 offensive odors consisting of reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs), nitrogenous compounds (NCs), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and phenols/indoles (PnI). Removal of these odors was measured using a laboratory-scale impinger-based adsorption setup containing 25 g of the zeolite bed (flow rate of $100mL\;min^{-1}$). The high est and lowest breakthrough (%) values were shown for PnIs and RSCs, respectively, and the maximum and minimum adsorption capacity (${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) of the zeolite was observed for the RSCs (range of 0.77-3.4) and PnIs (0.06-0.104), respectively. As a result of sorptive removal by zeolite, a reduction in odor strength, measured as odor intensity (OI), was recorded from the minimum of approximately 0.7 OI units (indole [from 2.4 to 1.6]), skatole [2.2 to 1.4], and p-cresol [5.1 to 4.4]) to the maximum of approximately 4 OI units (methanethiol [11.4 to 7.5], n-valeric acid [10.4 to 6.5], i-butyric acid [7.9 to 4.4], and propionic acid [7.2 to 3.7]). Likewise, when removal was examined in terms of odor activity value (OAV), the extent of reduction was significant (i.e., 1000-fold) in the increasing order of amy acetate, i-butyric acid, phenol, propionic acid, and ammonia.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.737-742
• /
• 2014

This study aimed for evaluating the applicability of the two stage dual media filtration system in field water treatment plant. The field plant of two stage and dual media filtration system was operated for 2 months. Average iron concentrations of the settled water, existing filtered water and second stage filtered water was 0.041 mg/L, 0.007 mg/L and 0.005 mg/L, respectively. Removal efficiency of iron concentration in the second stage is appropriately 35% more than in existing filtered water. Also removal efficiency of residual chlorine in the dual media filtration system is relatively 42.3% more than in existing filtered water due to adsorption of activated carbon, but the removal of ammonia nitrogen by adsorption is insufficient. Average concentrations of THM and chloroform in the settled water are 0.033 mg/L, 0.026 mg/L, respectively and in existing filtered water are 0.023 mg/L and 0.023 mg/L. Average concentrations of THM and chloroform in the dual media filtration system are 0.008 mg/L and 0.013 mg/L. Therefore removal efficiency of THM concentration in second stage is more than 66.4% in existing filtrated water. Also removal efficiency of chloroform in the dual media filtration system is more than 50.0% in existing filtered water because of the adsorption of activated carbon. In this case backwashing period in dual stage system is 4~5 days, but in existing filtration system is 1~2 days.