• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2011

Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) are considered to be formed from aberrant adrenal tissue that has become hyperplastic because of elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). A 6-year-old boy presented with testicular enlargement and pubic hair. He was diagnosed with CAH complicated by precocious puberty. However, he was not followed-up. At the age of 17, he visited the outpatient clinic because of testicular enlargement and short stature. His right and left testicles were $10{\times}6$ cm and $7.5{\times}4.5$ cm, respectively. His height was 155.1 cm (standard deviation score (SDS), -2.90). The diagnosis of CAH due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency was confirmed by mutation analysis of CYP21A2. Histological examination of the testes showed large, polygonal, eosinophilic cells with round nuclei and prominent nucleoli, which were suggestive of TARTs. He was treated with dexamethasone for 3 weeks and tumors regressed. Subsequently, dexamethasone was replaced by prednisolone and $9{\alpha}$-fludrocortisone; thereafter, the reduced testis size has been maintained.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Citri Peticulatae Viride Pericarpium and Lycii Radicis Cortex on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamic system was investigated Methods : The forced swimming test(FST) was performed. The expression of corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN), and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the ventral tegmental area(VTA) and locus coeruleus(LC) was measured with immunohistochemical method and the concentration of seum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) was measured with ELISA method. And the experimental groups were divided into the extraction after mixing(A) and mixture after extraction(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results : The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the A400 group(P<0.01). The expression of CRF in PVN were significantly reduced in the A100, A400, B100, B400groups(P<0.001). but the expression of c-fos in PVN weren't reduced in all groups. And the concentration of ACTH in Plasma were significantly reduced in the A 100 group(P<0.01). The expression of TH in LC were significantly reduced in the A 400, B 100 and B400 groups(P<0.05~P<0.01). Conclusion : Mixture of Citri Peticulatae Viride Pericarpium and Lycii Radicis Cortex has antidepressant effects. But the difference between mixing and extracting methods was not shown.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.64.1-64.12
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• 2021

Background: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), a neurodegenerative disease leading to reduced dopamine production, is a common disease in aged horses. The treatment is based on administration of the dopamine agonist pergolide. This drug has been related to valvular fibrosis in humans, but the cardiovascular effect of this drug has not yet been investigated in horses. Objectives: To determine whether pergolide induces valvular disease in horses or affects the cardiac function. Methods: Standard, tissue Doppler (TDE) and two-dimensional speckle tracking (STE) echocardiography were performed in horses with diagnosed PPID based on adrenocorticotropic hormone dosage. Measurements taken in horses treated with pergolide were compared with those from untreated horses with nonparametric t-tests. Furthermore, measurements from follow-up examinations performed at least three months after the initial exam were compared with a Wilcoxon signed rank test for repeated measurements in each group. Results: Twenty-three horses were included. None of the 12 horses under treatment developed valvular regurgitation. Furthermore, no differences in the measurements of the left ventricular systolic or diastolic function could be seen between the group of horses with treatment and those without treatment. Measurements taken in the follow-up exam did not differ compared to those taken in the initial exam in both groups. Conclusions: No changes of the left ventricular function assessed by TDE and STE could be shown in a small population of horses with confirmed PPID. Treatment with pergolide did not affect the ventricular function nor induce valvular disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.706-716
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• 2021

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and bowel habit changes. Although diverse complicated etiologies are involved in its pathogenesis, a dysregulated gut-brain axis may be an important factor. Red ginseng (RG), a traditional herbal medicine, is proven to have anti-inflammatory effects and improve brain function; however, these effects have not been investigated in IBS. Methods: Three-day intracolonic zymosan injections were used to induce post-infectious human IBS-like symptoms in mice. The animals were randomized to receive either phosphate-buffered saline (CG) or RG (30/100/300 mg/kg) for 10 days. Amitriptyline and sulfasalazine were used as positive controls. Macroscopic scoring was performed on day 4. Visceral pain and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by colorectal distension and elevated plus maze and open field tests, respectively, on day 10. Next-generation sequencing of gut microbiota was performed, and biomarkers involved in gut-brain axis responses were analyzed. Results: Compared to CG, RG significantly decreased the macroscopic score, frequency of visceral pain, and anxiety-like behavior in the IBS mice. These effects were comparable to those after sulfasalazine and amitriptyline treatments. Moreover, RG significantly increased the proliferation of beneficial microbes, including Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii. RG significantly suppressed expression of IL-1β and c-fos in the gut and prefrontal cortex, respectively. Further, it restored the plasma levels of corticosterone to within the normal range, accompanied by an increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone. Conclusion: RG may be a potential therapeutic option for the management of human IBS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.734-741
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between plasma and salivary cortisol concentrations in beef cattle that were subjected to handling prior to sampling. Methods: Twenty-one Nguni cows of three age categories; 5 to 7 yr (n = 7), 8 to 10 yr (n = 6), and 11 to 13 yr (n = 8) were handled for five consecutive weeks. In the pen, a human avoidance test was performed and cattle responses to restraint in the chute and crush were observed. In addition, rectal temperature readings were taken and, faecal samples were collected and analysed for glucocorticoid metabolites. Through the handling and restraint process, excretory and vocalisation behaviour, as a sign of stress were observed and recorded. Thereafter, six cows were randomly selected and subjected to an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge. Blood and saliva samples were extracted to determine cortisol concentrations. Results: Repeated handling affected (p<0.05) faecal glucocorticoid metabolites, rectal temperatures, avoidance distance, crush scores as well as urination and defaecation behaviour. Acclimation to handling was variable based on each respective parameter. Saliva cortisol concentrations increased and decreased significantly (p<0.001). A peak value of $136.78{\pm}15.869nmol/L$ was observed 30min after administration of ACTH, from a baseline value of $8.75{\pm}15.869nmol/L$. Plasma cortisol concentrations did not differ (p>0.05) across the time of sampling. A low and insignificant correlation (r = 0.0131, p>0.05) between plasma and saliva cortisol was therefore observed. Conclusion: We conclude that if beef cows are subjected to handling prior to sampling, a weak relationship exists between plasma and salivary cortisol levels.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권2호
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• pp.386-397
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• 2023

일차성고알도스테론혈증은 고혈압의 원인 중 높은 비중을 차지하는 질병이다. 부신정맥채혈술은 일차성고알도스테론혈증의 원인을 감별하여 최종적인 치료방침을 결정하는 데 있어 필수적인 검사이다. 부신정맥채혈술의 성공 여부는 각 부신정맥에서 채혈한 샘플의 혈중 코티솔 농도와 말초혈관에서 채혈한 샘플의 혈중 코티솔 농도의 비를 측정하여 판단한다. 하대정맥으로 바로 연결되는 오른부신정맥에서 시술의 실패율이 더 높게 보고되며 상대적으로 왼부신정맥의 시술 실패율은 낮지만 드물게 보고된다. 본 임상화보에서는 왼부신정맥 부신정맥채혈술의 실패 사례를 소개하고 분석하여 최적의 부신정맥채혈술을 위한 고려사항에 대해 고찰하고자 한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.244-248
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• 2011

부신피질기능저히증은 부신에서 생산되는 글루코코르티코이드와 미네랄로코르티코이드의 결핍으로 발생한다. 개에서 부신피질기능저하증을 관리하기 위해 fludrocortisone이 사용되어왔다. 그러나 desoxycorticosterone pivalate의 경우 fludrocortisone과 대등한 효과와 보호자와 환자에게 적은 부담을 주기 때문에 최근 몇 년간 부신피질기능저하증 개의 관리를 위해 사용되었다. 임상증상, 전해질불균형, adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test를 통하여 부신피질 기능저하증으로 진단된 14마리의 개에서 DOCP의 효과를 분석하였다. DOCP의 초기용량은 2.2 mg/kg 으로 사용되었으며 25일 간격으로 근육 또는 피하로 주사되었다. DOCP의 효능을 보기 위해 25일 간격으로 임상증상, 혈청 전해질 수치, 혈청 요소질소, 크레아티닌 수치를 모니터링 하였다. Fludrocortisones은 개에서 효과적인 치료법이지만 부작용과 불충분한 반응으로 7마리의 개에서 DOCP로의 전환이 필요하였다. 7마리의 개는 처음부터 DOCP가 투약되어 총 14마리의 개가 DOCP로 관리 받았다. 12마리의 개에서 임상증상, 전해질 불균형이 완전히 해소되었으나 2마리의 개에서는 몸 떨림과 같은 약간의 임상증상이 여전히 남아있었다. 4마리의 개는 프레드니손의 정기적 투여가 필요하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 보면, fludrocortisone과 비교하여 DOCP가 임상증상과 전해질불균형의 개선에 훨씬 효과적이었으며 이 결과는 부신피질기능저하증 개에서 DOCP가 더 좋은 치료법임을 제시해준다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2012

이 실험은 검사를 매일 실행하고, 동결건조된 표준액을 매번 녹여서 사용하는 검사실은 그 안정성에 대하여 고민을 할 필요는 없지만, 검사를 일주일에 한번 또는 두 번 정도 실행하는 검사실에 대한 보고라고 할 수도 있다. 동결 건조한 표준물질은 용해한 후 다시 동결을 할 경우 보통 $-20^{\circ}C$이하에서 유효기간까지 보관하라는 식으로만 표현 되어져 있고, 이는 몇 번을 녹인 후 재사용해도 안정한가에 대해서는 표현된 바가 없기에 이번 실험은 동결건조한 표준용액을 녹임과 동결을 여러 번 번복하였을 때와 냉장보관을 하였을 시에 표준용액의 변화도와 이것이 결과에 미치는 영향을 비교 평가하였다. 시판되고 있는 방사면역측정법을 이용한 체외진단키트 중 동결건조표준용액으로 되어진 부갑상선호르몬(PTH), 부신피지자극호르몬(ACTH), 황체형성호르몬(LH) kit를 같은Lot.NO.로 구성하였다. 이를 D.W.로 각 용량에 맞게 용해한 후 3개의 대조군으로 분리하였다. 제1대조군은 녹임, 동결을 번복하는 방법으로 하였고 제2대조군은 용해한 후 Test tube에 1회 사용할 만큼 분주하여 동결을 하였고 제3대조군은 냉장보관으로 하였다. 표준액과 환자농도값 날짜 별로 비교하였고, pH Test를 하였으며 날짜 별 단순회귀분석 및 결정계수 산출을 하였으며 Excel Paired t-Test (p-value)를 하여서 유의수준관계를 분석하였다. 위에서 실험한 ACTH, PTH, LH의 동결건조 표준액은 반드시 냉동보관을 할 것을 권고한다. 이는 다른 동결건조표준액도 같은 방법으로 보관을 해야 할 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2016

Objective: To investigate psychological distress and fertility quality of life (FertiQoL) in infertile Korean women, and to investigate whether a correlation exists between psychological distress and FertiQoL. Methods: Participants in this study were made up of 141 infertile women and 65 fertile women. We conducted a survey on psychological distress (using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales [DASS]-42 questionnaire) and administered a FertiQoL questionnaire. The levels of stress hormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] and cortisol) in serum were assessed. Results: The scores for depression ($13.7{\pm}8.4$), anxiety ($10.7{\pm}6.4$), and stress ($18.0{\pm}8.3$) among the infertile women were significantly higher than the scores for depression ($9.4{\pm}7.5$), anxiety ($6.6{\pm}6.0$), and stress ($12.2{\pm}8.3$, p<0.001) among the fertile women. There was no difference in the scores for depression ($13.5{\pm}8.2$, $13.8{\pm}8.6$), anxiety ($10.0{\pm}6.2$, $11.5{\pm}6.6$) and stress ($17.7{\pm}8.4$, $18.4{\pm}8.1$) between younger (${\leq}34$) and older (${\geq}35$) participants. The mind-body (r =-0.495) and emotional (r =-0.590) subscales showed a higher negative correlation with stress compared with other scales of psychological distress. At the same time, the social (r =-0.537) and relational (r =-0.385) subscales showed a higher negative correlation with depression. Levels of cortisol and ACTH in infertile women were $9.1{\mu}g/mL$ and 11.9 pg/mL, respectively, which are within normal ranges. Conclusion: The levels of psychological distress and quality of life in infertile Korean women seem to require psychological intervention. This study provides a baseline measurement of psychological distress and FertiQoL in infertile women in Korea, which will be available for developing psychological interventions for infertile Korean women.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2014

코르티코트로핀분비인자(Corticotropin-releasing factor)는 스트레스 반응에 관여하는 호르몬으로, 최근 스트레스가 탈모와 같은 피부질환에 영향을 미친다는 보고들이 많아지고 있다. 보고에 따르면, 사람 모낭 배양에서 코르티코트로핀분비인자는 길이생장을 억제하며, 모낭의 조기퇴행을 유도하고 모기질각질형성세포(hair matrix keratinocyte)의 세포사멸을 촉진시킨다. 본 연구에서는 코르티코트로핀분비인자가 모발성장과 모주기조절에 핵심적으로 역할하는 모유두세포에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 했다. 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신축의 주요 스트레스호르몬들인 코르티코트로핀분비인자, 부신피질자극호르몬, 그리고 코르티솔을 사람 모유두세포에 처리하였다. 흥미롭게도, 코르티코트로핀분비인자가 모발성장과 관련된 사이토카인(KGF, Wnt5a, $TGF{\beta}-2$, Nexin)의 발현을 변화시키는 것을 관찰하였으며, 세포 내 cAMP의 수준을 증가시켰고, 수용체의 발현을 억제시켰다. 이러한 변화는 수용체의 길항제인 antalarmin과 astressin2B, 또는 PKA 억제제의 전처리로 인해 막을 수 있었다. 코르티코트로핀분비인자는 cAMP/PKA경로를 통해 POMC의 발현을 유도하는데, 사람 모유두세포에서도 이 호르몬의 처리가 POMC mRNA의 발현을 증가시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었으나 부신피질자극호르몬의 변화는 western blot으로는 확인할 수 없었다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로, 코르티코트로핀분비인자가 그 수용체를 통해 사람 모유두세포 내 모발성장 관련 사이토카인의 발현을 조절함을 확인하였으며, 이는 코르티코트로핀분비인자의 수용체 길항제가 스트레스성 탈모환자를 위한 치료제 혹은 화장품 소재로써 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다.