• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.107-111
• /
• 2004

Recently, the incidence of perinatally detected asymptomatic adrenal gland masses has increased because of widespread use of radiological diagnostic tools. However, optimal treatment of these masses has not been determined. The aim of this study is to elucidate the treatment guideline of perinatally diagnosed adrenal gland masses. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the 11 patients with asymptomatic adrenal gland mass, detected perinatally, between 1999 and 2004. Six cases were detected by prenatal ultrasound and 5 cases were incidentally detected by postnatal ultrasound. Six patients (surgery group) underwent mass excision. The pathologic diagnoses were neuroblastoma (n=4), adrenocortical adenoma (n=1) and adrenal pseudocyst (n=1). The indications for operation were suspicion of neuroblastoma (n=5) or absence of size decrease during observation (n=1). Three of the 5 suspicious cases of neuroblastoma and one case under observation were proven to be neuroblastoma. There was no surgical complication in the urgery group. All neuroblastoma patients have been well during the follow up period ($24.4{\pm}14.4$ month) without evidence of recurrence. Five cases (observation group) were closely observed because of the benign possibility or size decrease in follow up ultrasound. During the observation period ($39{\pm}21$ week), 4 cases showed complete spontaneous resolution and 1 case showed markedly decreased size of the mass but could not be followed up completely. Surgical resection of the perinatally diagnosed asymptomatic adrenal gland mass is a safe treatment method especially in case of suspicion of neuroblastoma, but closed observation can be applied.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.140-144
• /
• 2013

Adrenal venous malformation is an uncommon disease. We report a case of an incidentally diagnosed adrenal cystic mass during an evaluation for gastritis in a child. A 14-year-old girl admitted to our pediatric department for epigastric pain. After the gastroscopy, she was diagnosed with hemorrhagic gastritis. A 5.5 cm-sized cystic mass was incidentally found adjacent to her left adrenal gland during an ultrasound examination for evaluating her abdominal symptoms. She underwent laparoscopic surgery for the diagnosis and treatment of this cystic mass, which was confirmed to be venous malformation at pathologic diagnosis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.265-268
• /
• 2019

Adrenal cystic lymphangiomas are extremely rare entities that are often identified incidentally, with less than 60 cases reported to date. We found a protruding ovoid mass consisting of a multiloculated cystic lesion within right adrenal gland in the cadaver of a 75-year-old Korean man. The epithelial cells lining the adrenal cyst were diffusely positive for cluster of differentiation 31 and podoplanin, and negative for pan-cytokeratin. The histopathological diagnosis confirmed a cystic lymphangioma arising from the adrenal gland. Post-mortem findings of the present case are discussed based on the clinicopathological features of adrenal cystic lymphangiomas.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.321-325
• /
• 2013

A mass of the adrenal gland was observed during a routine necropsy of a female 23-year-old Asian Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) at Seoul Zoo in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The animal showed no clinical signs but the necropsy examination revealed hydropericardium, ascites, hydrothorax and edema of the intestinal wall, lung and adrenal gland. Histopathologically, the neoplastic cells of the right adrenal gland were arranged in lobules supported by a fine fibrovascular stroma. The neoplastic cells had round hyperchromatic nuclei and granular eosinophilic to basophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for chromogranin A and S-100 and negative for vimentin, synaptophysin and cytokeratin. Based on the above findings, this case was diagnosed as a pheochromocytoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a pheochromocytoma in an Asian Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.321-325
• /
• 2013

Metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be found in the multiple organs including adrenal gland. But adrenal metastasis of HCC without obvious hepatic lesion is very rare. We report CT and MR findings of a patient who presented with adrenal metastasis as the first clinical manifestation of HCC. Signal intensity and enhancement pattern of adrenal metastastic mass of HCC were similar to those of HCC on MRI.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.389-392
• /
• 2002

A 17-year-old female tiger (Panthera tigris altica) was found dead after suffering from continuously growing mass at the right mammary gland area. At necropsy, a firm tan mass approximately 25 cm in diameter was noted at the ventral abdomen. The mass was not fixed to the adjacent tissue and mottled tan to red on cut sections. Chains of similar nodules ranging from 2 to 5 cm in diameter were also present along the right mammary glands region. Histologically, the neoplastic masses consisted of lobules that were filled with pleomorphic neoplastic cells and separated by fibrious conntective tissue. The neoplastic cells have hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleolus and moderate amount of cytoplasm. The degree of mitosis was high. Multiple areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, mineralization and tumor emboli were also noted. Metastasis to the regional lymph nodes, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and adrenal gland were observed. Based on the gross and histopathologic examinations, a diagnosis of lobular type metastatic mammary gland carcinoma was made.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.68-72
• /
• 2001

Prenatally diagnosed neuroblastomas have been reported in increasing numbers over the past several years. The vast majority are in favorable stages of the disease (stage I, II, IV-S). The authors experienced one case of stage IV-S neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland with liver metastasis, which regressed spontaneously after removal by adrenalectomy. This patient was noticed to have an abdominal mass at prenatal ultrasonography performed at 36weeks of gestation. This tumor was a neuroblastoma of the left adrenal gland with multiple liver metastases. Left adrenalectomy and liver biopsy were performed at 3 months of age. Thirty-eight months after surgery, an MRI demonstrated that the hepatic metastatic lesions had completely regressed without chemotherapy or radiation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.268-272
• /
• 2009

An-11-year-old male Shih-tzu was admitted to emergency care unit of Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital with signs of dyspnea, anuria and depression. There were abnormalities on complete blood count and serum chemistry included leukocytosis with mild left shift, mild azotemia, and increased ALT activity. Fluid therapy(0.9% saline, 40 ml/hr) and antibiotics were immediately initiated. The patient began to vomit after 5 hours' rest and pale mucous membrane, bradycardia, and hypertension were noted. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed enlarged left adrenal gland and thrombus in caudal vena cava(CVC). Result of ACTH stimulation test was normal. Cytology of ultrasound-guided FNA smears showed numerous naked nuclei, which was suggestive of adrenal medullar tumor. Concentrations of 24 hour urine metanephrine and normetanephrine was moderately increased compared to those of a control dog. Adrenal mass was surgically removed, and biopsy of the CVC mass was obtained. After surgery the patient began to recover but the dog acutely developed cardiopulmonary arrest and died. On histopathology the adrenal mass and biopsy of the CVC mass were consistent with pheochromocytoma. On electron microscopic view norepinephrine specific granules were found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2009

A 15-year-old, spayed female maltese dog was presented with polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, abdominal distention, alopecia and hyperpigmentation. The complete blood counts were in normal range, and the serum biochemistry revealed elevated level of glucose and globulin. Mild hepatomegaly was seen on radiography of abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed the uniformly enlarged left adrenal gland measured 2.4 cm in diameter. ACTH stimulation test and LDDST revealed hyperadrenocorticism. HDDST revealed pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. On CT images, isodense mass with contrast enhancing was seen in left adrenal gland. Cytologic result is consistent with benign tumor. Adrenal mass was surgically removed and evaluated. Histopathologic examination revealed adenocortical adenoma.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.263-267
• /
• 2015

Three dogs having adrenal masses detected on ultrasonographic examination were underwent computed tomography (CT) for surgery. After adrenalectomy, each mass was diagnosed pheochromocytoma with myelolipoma, adrenocortical carcinoma and adrenal adenoma through histopathology. Five minutes were used to get delayed enhanced CT images. Attenuation value was measured in each mass and the absolute and relative percentage of enhancement washout were calculated.