• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.429-439
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the status of psychological health among boys in high school and to examine the mediating effects of social support on the relationship between anger and entrapment on psychological health. Methods: The participants in this study were 193 high school boys from Jeju. Measurements included state-trait anger expression inventory, entrapment scale, student social support scale, and questionnaires to assess mental and physical health. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple and multiple regression techniques with the SPSS 21.0. Mediation analysis was performed with the Baron and Kenny's method, and Sobel test. Results: Mean scores for anger experience, entrapment, social support, and psychological health were $29.81{\pm}7.34$, $34.09{\pm}16.33$, $45.75{\pm}7.02$, $22.51{\pm}9.91$, respectively. There was a significant correlation between anger experience and psychological health. Entrapment was significantly correlated with psychological health. Social support showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between anger experience and psychological health (Sobel test: Z=54.18. p<.001). Social support showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between entrapment and psychological health (Sobel test: Z=2.24. p=.025). Conclusion: The results indicate a need to develop social support programs for boys in high school.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.592-603
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• 2001

Seasonal variations of nutrient intake ware evaluated through a 3-day dietary records in 196 Korean adolescents(86 males, 108 females) aged 13 - 15 years and living in urban and rural areas of Chungnam. The seasonal differences of nutrient intake were tested by repealed measure ANOVA. Comparing nutrient intakes among flour seasons using repealed measure ANOVA, mean values of daily intakes were higher in winter and autumn for most nutrients, and were the lowest in summer in the urban areas and in spring in rural areas. Girls recieved the largest amount of nutrients, except Ca and vitamin $B_12$, in winter and the lowest amount in summer, while in boys significant differences were not observed among the four seasons for meet nutrients, except fats, Mg, and vitamin E. Interestingly, the seasonal differences for many nutrients were more evident in rural areas than in urban areas. Vitamin A intake in urban areas was higher in winter and spring, while in rural oreas, in summer. Mean values of daily intakes as a percent of the RDA throughout the year in boys and girls ware 82.2% and 84.2% for energy and 88.9% and 82.7% for protein, respectively. Ca and vitamin A intakes were as low as 32.4% and 24.2% of the RDA in boys and 39.7% and 30.6% in girls. Intakes of Fe, Zn, folic acid and vitamin B$_{12}$ ranged from 40 - 60% of the RDA. The nutrients which showed the largest seasonal difference in the percent of RDA were vitamin E in boys and vitamin C, vitamin E, and Fe in girls. The index of nutritional quality(INQ) for Fe was significantly lower in autumn in both genders. The INQ for vitamin C in girls of both areas was much higher in winter. Annual mean adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall nutritional quality, ranged from 0.57 - 0.69, which was higher in winter than in other seasons. Conclusively, nutrient intakes of Korean adolescents showed seasonal variations, particularly in girls and in rural area. Thus, seasonal variations should be considered in the assessing nutritional status, particularly ill the rural areas of Korea.a.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

This study compared actual weight with perceived weight, described the prevalence of unhealthy weight control behavior, determined the differences in psychological and personal variables between participants that reported unhealthy weight control behavior and those who did not, and examined the relationship of eating habits to unhealthy weight control behavior for Korean adolescents. The study population consisted of a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students who completed the Fifth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS): Fifth in 2009. Among the 75,066 participants of KYRBWS, 35,473 (n = 18,851 girls and 16,622 boys) were eligible for a research focused on unhealthy weight control behavior. The results of this research were as follows: First, there were considerable discrepancies (45.1% of girls and 32.8% of boys) between the perceived weight and the actual weight. Second, overall, unhealthy weight control behavior was more prevalent in girls and fasting was the most commonly reported behavior. Third, participants that reported unhealthy weight control behavior scored significantly lower on scaled measures of happiness, health, academic achievement, and economic status; in addition, they scored higher on stress measures. Fourth, girls and boys shared common protective factors of having breakfast and vegetables more often, perceiving their weight as underweight rather than overweight, and having a correct weight conception. Protective factors unique to girls were having lunch and dinner more often. Girls and boys shared common risk factors of the consumption of soda, fast food, instant noodles, and snacks more often, while consumption of fruit more often was a risk factor only for girls. The improvement of protective factors and minimization of risk factors through Home Economics classes (and other classes relevant to health) may mitigate unhealthy weight control behavior of adolescents.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.97-114
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• 1998

This study's purpose is to clarify the growth pattern of Down Syndrome cases -particulary centering on the adolescent growth pattern - and to draw up a standard growth chart on body height and weight which is one estimation of physical growth for the effective caring of their health. I sampled 269 Down syndrome cases (Male 151, Female 118) whose ages ranged from 6 years of age to adulthood and 348 normal control cases (Male 175, Female 173) who were in same age group with Down Syndrome. We also picked 124 Down syndromes cases(Male 70, Female 54) and gathered 8 year longitudinal data on their body height and weight. The results were that, I found Down syndrome cases' height to be short and their weight to be overweight. As far as age at peak height velocity was concerned, boys were at 11-12 years of age and girls were at 10-11 years of age, showing that girls were about one year faster. Peak height velocity was 6.8cm/yr for boys and 5.4cm/yr for girls. The age at peak weight velocity were 12-13 years for age for boys and 10-11 years of age for girls. Peak weight velocity was 5.7kg/yr for boys and 4.3kg/yr for girls. The menarche age of girls with Down syndrome was anticipated to come about 2 years after peak height velocity and peak weight velocity. Finally, we drew up a standard growth chart and compared it with that of the NCHS, which caused us to come to the conclusion that the Standard Growth Chart for Down syndrome cases in Korea that came out of this study was appropriate for the growth-assesment of Down syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the utilization status of internet dietary information by gender(boys: 363, girls: 366) in adolescent(middle & high school students). The results were summarized as follows. The internet using frequency of 6-7times per week had 45.0% of subjects and the using time of internet per a time was shown mainly'<2hours(68.5%)'. The main place for internet use was home(79.0%) and favorite search engine was 'Yahoo'(45.7%) and 'Daum'(19.3%). As main purpose using internet were mentioned 'social intercourse'(45.0%) and data search'(24.8%). The organization that offer to reliable internet information was educational institution'(49.4%). The problems in using information site were 'poor information'(26.4%), 'slow connection speed'(22.6%), and 'don't arouse interest'(18.8%). The search experience about dietary information had only 27.9% of subjects and search purpose was 'for homework'(33.3%) and 'for health'(32.0). The satisfaction degree of dietary information was not high. The connection motive to dietary information was mainly 'by site navigation casualty'(55.7%). Only 7.7% of subjects had experience of nutrition counseling using internet, and the motive of nutrition counseling was also 'by site navigation causally'(55.8%). The purpose of counseling was 'for diet'(41.5%) and 'for health problem'(30.2%), and the satisfaction degree of counseling result was very low. As the ask of improvement for counseling site were pointed out 'poor in answer content'(44.8%) and 'lazy answer'(31.0%). The subjects wanted to get the dietary information about 'growth in status'(41.4%), 'diet related skin beauty'(14.6%), the update period less 1 month, and the way of 'free board'(32.3%), 'game'(21.1%) and 'animation'(19.3%) as offer tool. The results of this study showed that although the internet using percent and frequency of subjects was high, they used dietary information very seldom and they are dissatisfied with internet nutritional information. Therefore, the information donor should consider which dietary information was needed and what is the optimal tool for adolescent.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2008

Objectives : Internet addiction or pathologic internet use is one of the major mental health problems in children and adolescents in Korea. Internet addiction is defined as uncontrollable, markedly time-consuming internet use, which lasts for a period of at least six months. Internet addiction results in poor academic performance and negative parent-child relationships. By using $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), we investigated the effects of internet addiction on functional changes occurring in the adolescent brain. Methods : Adolescent patients with an internet addiction (4 boys and 2 girls; $15.6{\pm}1.2$ years) participated in this study. Eight healthy young adults (5 males and 3 females; 18-30 years old) with no previous history of psychiatric illness also participated as normal controls. Brain FDG-PET data was obtained with the participants in the resting condition and with no addictive stimuli. Results : Statistic parametric mapping analysis of the brain FDG-PET data revealed hypometabolic changes in the visual information processing circuits and hypermetabolic changes in the prefrontal areas in the adolescents with internet addiction, as compared with normal controls (p<.001). Conclusion : These results suggest a neuronal adaptation to excessive visual stimulation and synaptic plasticity due to internet addiction.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the association between the children's psychopathology and age, intellectual quotient, and parental psychopathology in children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: The emotional and behavioral problems of 35 children with PTSD (23 boys, 12 girls, mean age, $10.26{\pm}2.47$ years) were investigated by retrospective chart review. Their parents' anxiety and depression symptoms were also investigated. We examined the correlations between children's psychopathology and their parents' anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as their age and IQ. Results: There were positive correlations between maternal trait anxiety and depression, and children's emotional problems. State and trait anxiety of children with PTSD were positively correlated with age, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were negatively correlated with age. Conclusion: Our results suggest that psychiatric manifestation of children who experienced trauma could differ according to the development stage, and the treatment of children with PTSD should involve parental education about the effect of maternal emotional states on children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preliminary effects of school-based short term mental health awareness and school bullying prevention programs. Methods : From April to December 2013, the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Promotion team of Seoul National Hospital conducted school-based short term social skill training (N=56, 4 sessions), mental health awareness (N=84, 4 sessions) and school bullying prevention programs (N=171, 1 session) in elementary and junior high schools located in Seoul. The changes in the subjects before and after the program were assessed. Results : The social skills training program improved the 'helping' behaviors in boys (t=-2.355, p<.05) and 'sharing' (t=-3.223, p<.01), 'cooperation' (t=-2.235, p<.05), and 'comforting' (t=-2.830, p<.01) behaviors in girls, assessed using the Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire. The mental health awareness program improved 'general health awareness' (t=2.620, p<.05), measured using the Korean General Health Questionnaire. The school bullying prevention program resulted in decreased 'self esteem' (t=3.769, p<.01), measured using the Self Esteem Scale and decreased 'anger' (t=4.198, p<.01), assessed using the Novaco Anger Scale. Conclusion : The results of our preliminary analysis suggest that school-based mental health awareness and school bullying prevention programs may be effective even when conducted for a short term. Future investigation is necessary in order to validate the long term effects of these programs.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with energy drink consumption in Korean high school students. Methods: This cross sectional study used the secondary data from the 2015 Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey. A total of 33,744 high school students were included in the study. Energy drink consumption was measured by asking how often they consumed energy drink during the previous week. Associated factors were categorized into socio-demographic characteristics, psychological characteristics, and health related behavioral characteristics. Complex samples logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of associated factors on energy drink consumption. Results: For socio-demographic characteristics, adolescent boys were likely to consume more energy drink than adolescent girls (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.351, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.209~1.510). For psychological characteristics, depressed adolescents were likely to consume more energy drink than their counterparts (AOR: 1.697, 95% CI: 1.537~1.874). For health related behavioral characteristics, cigarette smoking (AOR: 1.336, 95% CI: 1.168~1.528), alcohol drinking (AOR: 1.126, 95% CI: 1.012~1.254), soda drink consumption (AOR: 1.800, 95% CI: 1.565~2.071), sweet drink consumption (AOR: 1.715, 95% CI: 1.431~2.054), and insufficient sleep time a day (AOR: 1.307, 95% CI: 1.197~1.427) were associated with energy drink consumption. Conclusions: In conclusion, energy drink consumption in Korean high school students were associated with such factors as psychological factors (depression) and health related behavioral characteristics (smoking, alcohol, sleep, soda and sweet drink). Thus, intervention programs in schools and communities should focus on these psychological and health related behavioral characteristics.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the phenotypes and predominant skeletodental pattern in pre-adolescent patients with Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS). Methods: The samples consisted of 26 Korean pre-adolescent PRS patients (11 boys and 15 girls; mean age at the investigation, 9.20 years) treated at the Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital between 1998 and 2019. Dental phenotypes, oral manifestation, cephalometric variables, and associated anomalies were investigated and statistically analyzed. Results: Congenitally missing teeth (CMT) were found in 34.6% of the patients (n = 9/26, 20 teeth, 2.22 teeth per patient) with 55.5% (n = 5/9) exhibiting bilaterally symmetric missing pattern. The mandibular incisors were the most common CMT (n = 11/20). Predominant skeletodental patterns included Class II relationship (57.7%), posteriorly positioned maxilla (76.9%) and mandible (92.3%), hyper-divergent pattern (92.3%), high gonial angle (65.4%), small mandibular body length to anterior cranial base ratio (65.4%), linguoversion of the maxillary incisors (76.9%), and linguoversion of the mandibular incisors (80.8%). Incomplete cleft palate (CP) of hard palate with complete CP of soft palate (61.5%) was the most frequently observed, followed by complete CP of hard and soft palate (19.2%) and CP of soft palate (19.2%) (p < 0.05). However, CP severity did not show a significant correlation with any cephalometric variables except incisor mandibular plane angle (p < 0.05). Five craniofacial and 15 extra-craniofacial anomalies were observed (53.8% patients); this implicated the need of routine screening. Conclusions: The results might provide primary data for individualized diagnosis and treatment planning for pre-adolescent PRS patients despite a single institution-based data.