• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 2007

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the extranodal location most frequently involved in MALT lymphomas, and although MALT lymphomas can be found in the small intestine, most MALT lymphomas of the GI tract occur in the stomach. In addition, MALT lymphoma occurs predominantly in adults; however, a ten-year old female that was admitted to our hospital due to Rt. lower quadrant abdominal pain 1 month ago,was diagnosed with intussusception secondary to ileocecal MALT lymphoma. A biopsy specimen confirmed lymphocyte infiltration with lymphoepithelial lesions, suggesting a low grade MALT lymphoma. Therefore, we report a case of low-grade MALT lymphoma occurring in a ten-year-old female who presented with ileocecal intussusception.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.27
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• pp.69-93
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• 2008

The study tried to identify suicidal factors of adolescences by analyzing effect factors of adolescences' suicide. Demographic factor, Self-respect, depression, suicidal ideation, and school adjustment scale, Social support, self-regulation, and problem solving scale were analyzed as effect factors. 307 junior high and high school students in Pusan city were surveyed by community education experts for this research. As a result, there are significant differences between high suicidal risk group and low suicidal group in all subcategories including economic status. As for the correlation analysis between risk factors and preventive factors, variables, it was analyzed that each variable was correlated to other variables. In addition, multiple regression analysis was conducted to find out affecting factors of adolescence suicide categorized into demographic factor, personal factor, school factor, and social factor. As a result, it was founded that the affecting factors of adolescence suicide were school adjustment, problem solving ability, suicidal ideation, depression and neighborsupport, and self-regulation. That is, to prevent adolescence suicide, the adolescence who are exposed to suicidal risk should be identified by measuring the degree of suicidal ideation, strengthened their school adjustment, and then conducted group therapy to strengthen their problem solving ability and self-regulation. In addition, adolescence suicide can be prevented by strengtheningsocial support for adolescences.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the main and side dish preference of food with 681 children (145 of kindergarten, 300 of children, 236 of adolescences) in Seoul and Gyeonggi area using questionnaires. Regarding preference of the staple foods, it was shown that all group had the highest preferences for boiled rice, The kindergarten period prefer Jajangmyen the most, children and adolescences like spaghetti (p<0.05). For breads, the kindergarten preferred cakes the most, the middle years and the adolescences preferred pizza. Regarding preference of soups, it represents the kindergarten liked seaweed soup, the children and adolescences liked sollongt'ang (p<0.05). For pot stew, the kindergarten preferred bean-paste pot stew the most, the children with parents' income level less than 4 million won preferred Kim-chi stew, the middle years with parents' income level equal or greater than 4 million won preferred beanpaste pot stew and all adolescences preferred Kim-chi pot stew (p<0.05). Stewed beef with soy sauce was preferred the most by all ages. For pan-fried foods, the kindergarten with parents' income level less than 4 million won preferred pan-fried spicy port the most, the kindergarten with parents' income level equal or greater than 4 million won preferred pan-fried anchovy the middle years preferred pan-fried spicy pork, the adolescences with parents' income level less than 4 million won preferred pan fried Kim-chi the most (p<0.05). And for vegetable dish, all age groups preferred seasoned bean sprouts and Chinese cabbage Kim-chi the most which they can easily see on their tables.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.192-206
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• 2012

This study aimed to examine the effects of demographic variables, stress, appearance management behavior, and family environment on self-esteem with the subjects of high school students with serious stress and great interest in appearance among the adolescences. This research was conducted during June, 2012, and the research method employed was the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the contents about self-esteem, stress, appearance management behavior, and demographical variables. Regarding the adolescents' stress, generally, influential variables include relationship with parents and friends, school records, or school life satisfaction. And the adolescences' self-esteem was the crucial variable to indicated socio-psychological adaptation. And it was related with stress or appearance management behavior.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in psychological characteristics according to cell phone dependency and use purpose in cell phone users of adolescences. Psychological characteristics of adolescents were consisted of attention aggression, somatic symptoms, social withdrawal, depression variables. The subjects were 2,158 cell phone owned second graders of middle school. A data of the Korean Child-Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) was employed for the this study. Dependency and use purpose of cell phone were classified by cluster analysis into four groups with similar characteristics : 'high dependency-multipurpose', 'low dependency-social', 'low dependency-unsocial' 'middle dependency-peer interaction' groups. Major findings were that: the group differences in psychological characteristics were statistically significant. The 'low dependency-social' group showed highest on adjustments, and the other groups were maladaptive. Finally, implications for future research were discussed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2008

This research was carried out a to investigate the food habit and preference of parents' social and economic level with 681 children (145 of Kindergarten, 300 of Children, 236 of Adolescences) in Seoul and Gyeonggi area using question naires. The parents' income level divided into 2 groups, less than 4 million won and equal or greater than 4 million won. Most of the middle years were over-weighing but kindergarten and adolescences had standard weights. The majority of parents had Bachelor degrees, most of father were office workers, majority of mothers of kindergarten with parents' income level less than 4 million won were professional women and mothers of the rest of the groups were mostly house wives. The middle years with parents income level less than 4 million son were skipping meals most frequently, but other groups didn't show much differences in their eating habits. All age groups showed that they like meats the most and dislike vegetables the worst. All age groups also showed that they mostly eat out 1-2 times a week and the next was 3-4 times a week. All age groups preferred ice creams, fruits, juices and snacks for their desserts. The middle years with parents' income equal or greater than 4 million won also showed high preference on strawberry and chocolate flavored milk, burgers and pizzas. The food s that preferred to eat when dining out were Chinese foods (Ja-jang-myeon and sweet and sour pork) for kindergarten group, Korean foods (kalbi and bulgogi) for the middle years with parents' income level less than 4 million won, family restaurant food (steak and rib) for the middle years with parents' income level equal or greater than 4 million won and Korean foods (kalbi and bulgogi) for the adolescences. The preferred cooking methods were roast (fish and sea weeds) for the kindergarten, roasted meat for the middle years, Kimchi and bean paste pot stew for the adolescences with parents' income level less than 4 million won and roasted meats for the adolescences with parents' income level equal or greater than 4 million won. The results showed that the adolescences with higher parental income lever preferred meats.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.595-607
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• 2002

Sexuality education in the period of adolescents need much care and attention. The programs of sexual education through the Internet are excellent resources for adolescents to gain the information related to their sexual health. And systematic program which is necessary for adolescents to manage their sexual health has been rarely found in Korea. The purpose of this study was to offer valuable database for program design and evaluation on sexual education of middle school students through the Internet. Needs assessment for the information of sexual education on the internet among middle school students were carried out. A questionnaire survey was conducted with respondents of 602 middle school students from January to March in 2002. In the sexual counseling center for middle school students, counseling cases through internet were analyzed and evaluated from October, 2001 to September, 2002, We have selected 16 Sexual educational websites in Seoul confirmed Korean Educational Human Resource. Contents which was illustrated in 16 sexual educational websites were analyzed and evaluated by 12 sexual counselors. Design and evaluation of the program on the internet for sexuality education of adolescences was conducted on the basis of this study results by middle school expert teachers, sexual counselors, sexuality education professionals. Data was statistically analyzed using dBSTAT 4.0 for Windows. The extent and phase of the teaching-learning program of the sexuality education on the internet was seen as follows : 1. We evaluated to need for sexuality education on the internet by middle school student. 2. We assessed the properness of sexuality education curriculum on the internet frequently used by middle school students. 3. We designed teaching strategy and learning program for sexuality education of the middle school students. 4. We developed the assessment method for the teaching-learning program of the sexuality education in adolescences on the internet. Middle school students responded that sexual education through Internet is needed in the order of programs related to acquaintances with opposite sex, Sexual culture and ethics, Sexual health, Reproductive health structure and development, Marriage and family, Psychology of Sexuality, Pregnancy and birth. In the internet counseling, cases on the 'reproductive health structure and development' was ranked as the top. In short we have found the most needs as follows; Meaning of the marriage life and having family, Sexes and Love, Human relation, Sexual Culture.We recommend as follows on the basis of this study results: 1. It is necessary for sexuality education program on the internet to specify according to age and target the specific individual needs. 2. Sexual educators have to employ various educational materials such as flash, cartoon, multimedia in order to provide effective sexuality education. 3. Internet based sex education need to be evaluated regularly through reassessment of the effectiveness of sexuality education for content quality and richness.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2001

This study was administered to analyze important needs for the health education among Chinese, Korean-Chinese adolescents in Gilin, China and Korean adolescents in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from 400 chinese and 200 Korean-Chinese boys and girls of 3 high schools in Gilin, China and 396 boys and girls of 3 high schools in Seoul, Korea. The results were as follow: 1. The prevalence of smoking and drinking in Korean students was quite high among three groups. More than one third of Korean students had behaviors of smoking and drinking. Forty two point five percent of Korean students were sick during the past 4 weeks, but only 10.8% of Korean-Chinese students and 11.5% of Chinese students were sick during the past 4 weeks. More than 70% of Chinese and Korean-Chinese students had health concern, but only 22.7% of Korean students were interested in health status and education. 2. Korean-Chinese and Chinese students had higher health education needs than the Korean students. They were not interested in sex education. On the other hand, Korean students were interested in mental health and health habits. 3. Korean-Chinese students had more health education needs than Chinese or Korean adolescents and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). 4. For the Chinese and Korean-Chinese students, the higher prevalence of drinking behavior, the higher needs of health education, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). 5. The Chinese students tended to need health education after their illness experience, but the Korean students, the higher the self- rating health status, the higher health education need scores were(p<0.05).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.19 no.1 s.27
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• pp.187-200
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to find out the craniofacial skeletal characteristics and to establish standards in facial patterns of Korean adolescences with normal occlusion. The subjects consisted of 54 males and 71 females ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. To classify facial patrons, number the clinical deviations from the normal five key measurements: the facial axis, facial angle, mandibular plane angle, lower face height, mandibular arc, are added and averaged with the proper sign to divide subjects into three groups ; brachyfacial, mesofacial dolichofacial groups. For the comparison of each group, a total of 43 morphologic variables were employed and the data were analyzed by statistical methods. The findings of this study can be summerized as follows; 1. The mesofacial group was $54.4\%$, the brachyfacial group was $29.6\%$ and the dolichofacial group was $16.0\%$ in this subjects. 2. There were no significant differences in size and shape of cranial base among each groups. 3. The brachyfacial group manifested the forward positioned maxilla and mandible to anterior cranial base, smaller cant of the mandibular plane, square shaped mandible, and prominent symphysis as compared with dolichofacial group. 4. There were no significant differences in the cant of the maxilla to the anterior cranial base among each groups. 5. Ramal height and madibular body length of brachyfacial group were larger than those of dolichofacial group. 6. Brachyfacial group indicated the smallest degree in divergency of maxilla and mandible while dolichofacial group showed the largest degree.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find out the changing trajectory of online game use as the development of early adolescences. It is also to explore whether the self-control has a current and a lag effect on the game use while development of students. We found these results: (a) There is a statically significant individual variability in initial levels and rates of change in online game use over time. The change of trajectory is declined. (b) Boys also have higher rate of the change in using game than girls over time. (c) Both initial state and changing rate of online game use affects negatively the academic achievement. (d) Current effect always supports, but lag effect does not support except the period from last elementary school grade to middle school grade as explanations for the developmental relation between self-control and online game use in young adolescents.