• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 1995

Medical Internal Radiation Dose(MIRD) schema was developed for calculating the absorbed dose from the administered radiopharmaceuticals. With the biological distribution data and the physical properties of the radionuclide we can estimate the absorbed dose by the MIRD schema. For the thyroid cancer patients received $^{131}I$ therapy, the absorbed dose to the bone marrow is the limiting factor to the administered dose, and the duration of admission is deter-mined by the retained activity in the whole body. To monitor the whole body radioactivity, we used Eberline Smart 200 system using ionization chamber as a detector. With the time activity curve of the whole body, total body residence time was obtained. From the ICRP publication 53, the residence times of the source organs, such as kidney, urinary bladder content and stomach, were used to calculate the absorbed doses of the target organs, such as stomach, red marrow, bladder wall and remaineder total body. In 8 thyroid cancer patients with 175 mci of $^{131}I$ administered orally, the mean absorbed dose in the bladder wall was 375.1, in the stomach 285.1, red marrow 25.4 and total body 22.4 rad respectively. For the monitoring of the large administered activity, this method seemed to be quite useful.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop a severity-adjusted LOS(Length of Stay) model for knee replacement patients and identify factors that can influence the LOS by using the Korean National Hospital Discharge in-depth Injury Survey data. The comorbidity scoring systems and data-mining methods were used to design a severity-adjusted LOS model which covered 4,102 knee replacement patients. In this study, a decision tree model using CCS comorbidity scoring index was chosen for the final model that produced superior results. Factors such as presence of arthritis, patient sex and admission route etc. influenced patient length of stay. And there was a statistically significant difference between real LOS and adjusted LOS resulted from health-insurance type, bed size, and hospital location. Therefore the policy alternative on excessive medical utilization is needed to reduce variation in length of hospital stay in patients who undergo knee replacement.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to help apply spiritual care in clinics by testing whether spiritual support like prayer and praise, which is appled on a patient who has been cared for by Facility Hospice can have an effect on their physical pain, emotional anxietv, loneliness and well being. Method: This research was done on a subject patient who had been hospitalized in Saemmul from Jan, 2002 to June, 2003, and who could easily communicate. Questionnaire of quality of life, they had this test from the date of admission into the hospital 1week, 3week, 5week later. The Target was 182 people for the hospital data, 124 people after one week, 84 people after 3 weeks and 54 people after for 5 weeks later. For statistics, SPSS for Window(SPSS inc. ver.10), student T-test and one way ANOVA were used. The interrelation between pray and pain was analyzed by the "Pearson correlation". In case where the P-value was below 0.05, we concluded it had statistical-value. Results: When we compared both the party which had a low degree of peace by prayer and praise and the B party which had the highest degree, B party had an increasing tendency for less anxiety and loneliness and more well-being. Each of the data 0, 1, 3 and 5 week showed visible difference between both parties. Conclusion: First, in case that a late cancer patient is hospitalized, the difference for tranquility and pain control by prayer and praise is not noticeable. While, 1 and 3 weeks later, the difference is visible, so we concluded the relationship between the cancer patient's spiritual tranquility and physical pain are closely related with each other. Also the patients who are in spiritual peace by prayer and praise can control the pain better than the other patients. Second, because the patient who can feel calm from the data of being admitted into the hospital is mentally calm, both party's difference is noticeable in each period of the 1, 3 and 5th week. Compared with other patients, the object patients who have spiritual tranquility will have less anxiety and loneliness and more tranquility.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of mechanical interventions for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients. Methods: The participants were assigned to the intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and graduated compression stocking (GCS) intervention. Patients who met the criteria were selected for comparison from our previous study. Data for 140 patients were included in the final analysis. Results: The mean age was 57.5 (${\pm}15.7$) and 61.4 % were men. About forty-seven percent of the participants were 61 years or over. In the second duplex scan, 3, 2 and 1 critically ill patients developed deep vein thrombosis in the control, GCS, and IPC groups, respectively. Incidences of DVT were 6.0%, 5.0%, and 2.0% for the control, GCS, and IPC groups, respectively. This difference was not significant. Relative risks of no intervention were 3.0 and 1.2 compared with IPC and GCS application. There were no significantly different variables among the three groups before the intervention except for diagnosis on admission. Conclusion: Although it may difficult to conclude that mechanical prophylaxis effectively prevents DVT among SICU patients because there was no statistical significance in this study, but incidence rates among the three groups differed greatly. The findings reveal that further study should be conducted with larger samples and randomized controlled trial for SICU patients.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.375-385
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• 2002

The IETF has defined the Intserv model and the RSVP signaling protocol to improve QoS capability for a set of newly emerging services including voice and video streams that require high transmission bandwidth and low delay. However, since the current Intserv model requires each router to maintain the states of each service flow, the complexity and the overhead for processing packets in each rioter drastically increase as the size of the network increases, giving rise to the scalability problem. This motivates our work; namely, we investigate and devise new control schemes to enhance the scalability of the Intesev model. To do this, we basically resort to the SCORE network model, extend it to fairly well adapt to the three services presented in the Intserv model, and devise schemes of the QoS scheduling, the admission control, and the edge and core node architectures. We also carry out the computer simulation by using ns-2 simulator to examine the performance of the proposed scheme in respects of the bandwidth allocation capability, the packet delay, and the packet delay variation. The results show that the proposed scheme meets the QoS requirements of the respective three services of Intserv model, thus we conclude that the proposed scheme enhances the scalability, while keeping the efficiency of the current Intserv model.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2023

Constipation is the most common digestive disorder, and it occurs frequently in the early stages and affects the prognosis on rehabilitation stage in the patients with brain injury. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bowel habits of brain-injured patients undergoing enteral nutrition immediately after admission to rehabilitation and transmission, and to investigate the effects of abdominal massage and lower extremity exercise. The study design is a quasi-experimental study to investigate the effect of a bowel care intervention (abdominal massage and lower extremity exercise) applicable to patients with brain lesions. As a result of the study, the number of bowel movements was significantly higher in the intervention group (p=.030), and the use of suppositories in the control group was statistically significantly higher than that in the intervention group (p=.004). The time of constipation relief was 1.73 days for the experimental group and 4.61 days for the control group, indicating that there was a difference in the time of constipation relief between the two groups (p<.001). Abdominal massage and lower extremity exercise were effective as nursing interventions to relieve constipation and prevent constipation in patients with brain injury from the early stage of rehabilitation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.192-204
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• 2023

This study aimed to determine the criteria for quantifying developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth in premature babies and to investigate the severity of developmental defects according to the gestational age, birth weight, systemic complications, and treatments received after preterm birth. Birth information, a history of complications, the duration of parenteral nutrition, and endotracheal intubation were investigated by retrospectively reviewing the admission and discharge records of premature babies in the neonatal intensive care unit. The Preterm Developmental Defects of Enamel (PDDE) index was designed by modifying the existing developmental defects of enamel index. Based on PDDE index, the evaluator scored developmental defects of enamel by classifying them as enamel hypomineralization and hypoplasia. The PDDE scores in the extremely preterm and extremely low birth weight groups were significantly higher than those in other groups. Furthermore, PDDE scores of premature babies with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, rickets, intraventricular hemorrhage, or necrotizing colitis were significantly higher than those in the control group. In addition, more than 50 days of endotracheal intubation and more than 20 days of parenteral nutrition were associated with significantly higher PDDE scores than those in the control group and were risk factors for developmental defects of enamel. This study provides basic information for identifying risk factors for developmental defects of enamel in premature babies.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

Purpose : Acinetobacter baumannii is an aerobic, gram negative coccobacillus. Due to its pathogenicity and ability to accumulate diverse mechanisms of resistance, the importance of this organism is increasing. Many reports have targeted adults, and studies of pediatric patients are limited. This study aims to investigate the current status of A. baumannii infection in children. Methods : From January 2001 to December 2008, 505 patients hospitalized with A. baumannii infection were enrolled. Admission records for underlying disease, duration of hospitalization, previous antibiotic use, location of admission, presence of ventilator care, and resistance to antibiotics were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results : Hemato-oncological disease and neurological disease were 30.6% and 24.3% of all cases; therefore, these were the most common underlying diseases of patients with A. baumannii infection. Prevalence of A. baumannii infection was 78.1% in patients with previous antibiotic use, which was higher than that of the group not using previous antibiotic. And prevalence of multi-drug resistant and pan-drug resistant A. baumannii infection was 76.4% and 38.3% in patients with ICU care, 76.8% and 38.9% with ventilator care, and these were higher than the others. Rate of resistance to all groups of antibiotics showed a gradual increase to over 50% in 2008. Multi-drug resistant A. baumannii was 63.5% and pan-drug resistant A. baumannii was 48.2% of all cases. Conclusion : Prevalence of A. baumannii infection and resistance to antibacterial agents of A. baumannii is increasing. Adequate use of antibiotics and infection control should be emphasized in pediatric patients.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2007

Purpose: This study evaluate clinical findings & management of rhabdomyolysis after strenuous activities in military police recruit. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out from June $1^{st}$, 2004 and May $23^{nd}$, 2005. The study subjects were 13 military police recruit patients who were admitted to our hospital with intractable muscle pain and swelling, and had suspicions of Rhabdomyolysis. The patients were given various blood tests (CPK, CK-MB, AST, BUN/Cr, and Electrolyte) and clinically observed. The patients were all males, and their average age was 20 $(19\sim21)$ years. Seven cases were due to push-up exercises, 5 was due to a soccer game, and 1 was due to riot control activities. The patients complained of swelling and tenderness in various parts of the extremities. Four complained of swelling and tenderness in forearm, 3 in upper arm, 1 in shoulder, and 5 in lower extremity. The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was made if the patient complained clinical symptom and had a blood CPK level of above 1,000 IU/L at the time of admission. Patients who took medication or had medical problem were excluded from this study. Bone scans were taken of all patients 4 hours after giving 99mTc-MDP 20mCi intravenously. Treatment was bed rest and fluid therapy. Patients who complained of excessive pain were given splint immobilization. Results: The average hospitalization day for the 13 patients was 20 days ($14\sim42$ days). Excluding one patient who exhibited ARF at time of admission, all patients showed a decrease of blood CPK below 1000 IU/L at an average hospitalization time of 8 days ($2\sim11$ days). The patient with ARF recovered after hemodialysis and fluid therapy. Conclusion: Patients complaining of swelling and severe muscle pain after excessive exercise or training should be suspicious of exercise induced rhabdomyolysis, and should be given blood tests and fluid therapy immediately.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.11
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• pp.509-520
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• 2015

College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT) is a primary test to evaluate the study achievement of high-school students and used by most universities for admission decision in South Korea. Because its level of difficulty is a significant issue to both students and universities, the government makes a huge effort to have a consistent difficulty level every year. However, the actual levels of difficulty have significantly fluctuated, which causes many problems with university admission. In this paper, we build two types of data-driven prediction models to predict correct answer rate and to identify significant factors for CSAT English test through accumulated test data of CSAT, unlike traditional methods depending on experts' judgments. Initially, we derive candidate question-specific factors that can influence the correct answer rate, such as the position, EBS-relation, readability, from the annual CSAT practices and CSAT for 10 years. In addition, we drive context-specific factors by employing topic modeling which identify the underlying topics over the text. Then, the correct answer rate is predicted by multiple linear regression and level of difficulty is predicted by classification tree. The experimental results show that 90% of accuracy can be achieved by the level of difficulty (difficult/easy) classification model, whereas the error rate for correct answer rate is below 16%. Points and problem category are found to be critical to predict the correct answer rate. In addition, the correct answer rate is also influenced by some of the topics discovered by topic modeling. Based on our study, it will be possible to predict the range of expected correct answer rate for both question-level and entire test-level, which will help CSAT examiners to control the level of difficulties.