• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.787-799
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• 2008

Objective : Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end stage renal disease. AGE, $TGF-{\beta}1$ type IV collagen, and macrophage/monocyte infiltration are the main factors of diabetic nephropathy. We investigated the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on renal function and histopathological changes in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy rat model. Methods : Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats(290${\pm}$10g) by injecting STZ(45mg/kg) into the tail vein. Rats were divided into 3 groups(n = 6): normal, control, and salvia. After 8 weeks of administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract on the Salvia group, we checked 24 hrs urine, blood biochemistry and renal tissue to evaluate renal function and histopathological changes by examining parameters including albuminuria, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, LDL, TG, macrophage/monocyte antigen(ED-1), $TGF-{\beta}1$, AGE, and type IV collagen. Results : Salvia miltiorrhiza decreased the amount of 24hrs proteinuria, and inhibited histopathological changes of diabetic nephropathy including the expression and accumulation of various factors which could promote development of diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion : These findings suggest that Salvia miltiorrhiza might protect the renal function and inhibit the development of renal injury by regulating factors including AGE, $TGF-{\beta}1$ Type IV collagen, macrophage and monocyte infiltration. So Salvia miltiorrhiza can be used for diabetic patients to prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1199-1208
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of metabolite levels in serum and milk obtained from cows fed on different concentrate to forage feed ratios. Methods: Eight lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a high forage ratio diet (HF; 80% Italian ryegrass and 20% concentrate of daily intake of dry matter) group and a high concentrate diet (HC; 20% Italian ryegrass and 80% concentrate) group. Blood was collected from the jugular vein, and milk was sampled using a milking machine. Metabolite levels in serum and milk were estimated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses performed using Chenomx 8.4. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and multivariate analysis were performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: In the principal component analysis, a clear distinction between the two groups regarding milk metabolites while serum metabolites were shown in similar. In serum, 95 metabolites were identified, and 13 metabolites (include leucine, lactulose, glucose, betaine, etc.) showed significant differences between the two groups. In milk, 122 metabolites were identified, and 20 metabolites (include urea, carnitine, acetate, butyrate, arabinitol, etc.) showed significant differences. Conclusion: Our results show that different concentrate to forage feed ratios impact the metabolite levels in the serum and milk of lactating Holstein cows. A higher number of metabolites in milk, including those associated with milk fat synthesis and the presence of Escherichia coli in the rumen, differed between the two groups compared to that in the serum. The results of this study provide a useful insight into the metabolites associated with different concentrate to forge feed ratios in cows and may aid in the search for potential biomarkers for subacute ruminal acidosis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to compare hepatotoxicity of each treatment for dermatophytosis; one is the administration of the ketoconazole only and the other, ketoconazole with diphenyl-dimeththyl-dicarboxylate. Have chosen the range of 14-24 months of healthy dogs divided by two groups (group 1 and group 2) for the experiment of which test proved positive in dermatophytosis diagnosis and showed normal reaction in terms of physical examination, blood chemistry and especially of liver function. Group 1 was administrated ketoconazole orally at 10 mg/kg/day and of same dose of ketoconazole with diphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate for group 2. After administering, we have tested two groups by blood collecting every one week in order to check the differences of hepatotoxicity state through AST, ALT and r-GTP, the barometers of liver function which lasted for 12 weeks. Moreover, tested Indocyanine Green (ICG), known as susceptible gauge of function of excretion before starting the experiment and tested ICG as well after 12 weeks. The experiment of result the value of group 1 in AST, ALT and r-GTP has been highly rised after administering ketoconazole for 10 weeks meanwhile, of group 2 has shown a steady state troughout the whole experiment. For ICG test, we injected 0.5 mg/kg of ICG into a vein for both groups and tested the retention rate at regular interval of 15, 30, 45 minutes. The results of retention rate in two groups were similar to before the drug administration. However, after 12 weeks the retention rate of group 1 has been delayed, on the other hand, retention rate of group 2 were a steady state. In conclusion, the administration of ketoconazole only for a long period of time induced hepatotoxicity where as, the administration of ketoconazole with diphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate didn't induce hepatotoxicity. Therefore, when doctors prescribes for a dog with dermatophytosis should not administrate ketoconnazole itself but with diphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate and one who has abnormal condition of liver function should not be prescribed ketoconazole treatment. If there is a case needed to prescribe ketoconazole treatment, the regular monitoring should be accompanied by at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of topical and intravenous heparin on thrombosis and patency in the microvascular anastomosis of the traumatized veins. Nine white rabbits weighing about 2 kg were used. After exposure of both femoral veins, the veins were crushed by the jaws of smooth needle holder in order to create a thrombosis model. Transectional incision was made in the vein. The animals were then divided into 3 groups based on the administration method of heparin: 1) Experimental Group I, topical irrigation of lumen with heparin saline solution (n=6); 2) Experimental Group 2, topical irrigation of lumen with heparin saline solution and intravenous injection of heparin (0.75 mg/kg) via the marginal ear vein for 3 days; 3) Control Group, topical irrigation of lumen with saline solution (n=6). The patency was evaluated with empty-and-refill test and thrombus formation was judged by surgical microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Thirty minutes after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all Experimental Groups was better than Control group. However, there was no significant difference among groups. 2. Three days after anastomosis, the patency of all Experimental Groups was much more improved than that of Control Group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between Experimental Group 1 and 2. 3. Three days after anastomosis, the amount of thrombus in all Experimental Groups was much less than that of Control Group (P<0.05). 4. In histologic findings a lot of luminal thrombus were observed around sutured area in Control Groups. Few luminal thrombus was observed in all Experimental Groups. Mild necrosis in the vessel wall was observed around sutured area in all specimens. These results indicate that topical irrigation of heparin may improve the patency and inhibit the formation thrombus in the microvascular anastomosis of the traumatized veins.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of visualizing soft tissue lesions and vascular structures using contrast-enhanced cone-beam computed tomography (CE-CBCT) after the intravenous administration of a contrast medium in an animal model. Materials and Methods: CBCT was performed on six rabbits after a contrast medium was administered using an injection dose of 2 mL/kg body weight and an injection rate of 1 mL/s via the ear vein or femoral vein under general anesthesia. Artificial soft tissue lesions were created through the transplantation of autologous fatty tissue into the salivary gland. Volume rendering reconstruction, maximum intensity projection, and multiplanar reconstruction images were reconstructed and evaluated in order to visualize soft tissue contrast and vascular structures. Results: The contrast enhancement of soft tissue was possible using all contrast medium injection parameters. An adequate contrast medium injection parameter for facilitating effective CE-CBCT was a 5-mL injection before exposure combined with a continuous 5-mL injection during scanning. Artificial soft tissue lesions were successfully created in the animals. The CE-CBCT images demonstrated adequate opacification of the soft tissues and vascular structures. Conclusion: Despite limited soft tissue resolution, the opacification of vascular structures was observed and artificial soft tissue lesions were visualized with sufficient contrast to the surrounding structures. The vascular structures and soft tissue lesions appeared well delineated in the CE-CBCT images, which was probably due to the superior spatial resolution of CE-CBCT compared to other techniques, such as multislice computed tomography.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.703-711
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of butanol(BuOH) fraction of Polygonatum odoratum with selenium tr-eatment on blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidations in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetric rats. Male Sprague-Dawly rats weighing(180-200g) were divided into five groups : normal STZ-control and three expreimental groups(P, odoratum group P, odo-Se group and Se group) Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection STZ in the tail vein at the dose of 45mg/kg B.W The BuOH fraction of Polygonatum odoratum(500mg/kg. B,W) given orally administered for 14 days. The Se treated group were fed a AIN-76 recommendation diet mixed with Na2Seo3(2mg/kg diet). Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. the plasma glucose levels of the P. odo-Se group were significantly lower than the other experimental groups. The plasma cholesterol levels were higher in STZ-control and Se groups compared toP.odoratum and P. odo-Se groups and HDL-cholesterol levels were increased in the diabetic experimental groups fed on BuOH fraction of P. odoratum with Se supplementation. The liver and muscle glycogen levels were not significantly differ among all groups. The plasma free fatty acid levels were lower in diabetic experimental groups fed on BuOh fraction of P. odoratum or Se sup-plementation than STZ-control and Se groups. Diabetics rats showed the higher levels of triglyceride in plasma andlower levels in liver compared with the normal group. Supplementation with Se decreased significantly the liver triglyceride level. The MDA levels in liver and kidney were significantly reduced in all the experimental groups. In conclusion administration of BuOH fraction of Polygonatuum odoratum with selenium supplementation reduced blood glucose levels and peroxdative tissue damage in STZ induced diabetic rats showing the possibility of preventiave and therapeutic use of the wild edible plant to the diabetes mellitus.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.199-214
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• 1998

This study was performed to prove the antithrombotic effects of DoHongYeum fluid by way of experimental methods. The thrombosis was induced by injection of collagen the mixture (0.1ml/10g, 2mg/kg B.W)plus serotonin (5mg/kg B.W) into the caudal vein of rat, 2 hours after liquid extract of DoHongYeum was oral administration. The effect of the fluid of DoHongYeum was rxamined by the number of RBC and platelets, bleeding time, blood clotting time, death rate, platelet aggregation, plasmacoagulation factor activity, exvivo and fibrinolytic activity of englobulin fracture in the rats. The results were summerized as followings. 1. The number of RBC and platelets was significantly increased in DoHomeYeum group incomparison with the control group. 2. Bleeding time was significantly shortened in DHY group in comparison with the controlgroup. 3. Blood clotting time was significantly prolonged in DHY group in comparison with the control group. 4. The death rate of mouse was inhibited in DHY group in comparison with the control group. 5. The platelet aggregation was inhibited in DHY group in comparison with the control group. 6. The prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasmacoagulation factor activity was prolonged but was not valuable in DHY group. 7. Fibrinogen lyses time of rat was reduced and lyses area was increased in DHY group incomparison with the control group. 8. Fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay was reduced in DHY group. From the above results, it was thought that the DoHongYeum could be applied effectively in the thrombosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.246-249
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• 2011

The present study was carried out on broilers to study the effect of oral administration of vitamin E and selenium (E-care Se) on growth performance, haematological and biochemical parameters for a period of 42 days (6 weeks). A total of 90 oneday-old broiler chicks were divided into three equal groups: $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$. Group T1 was maintained as control and was fed only with the basal diet throughout the experimental period. Two experimental diets, $T_2$ and $T_3$, were formulated to contain an additional 100 g (150 IU vitamin E/kg+0.5 mg Se/kg) and 200 g (300 IU vitamin E/kg+1.0 mg Se/kg) of E-care Se which was the source of vitamin E and selenium. Body weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in antioxidant-treated groups compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in feed conversion ratio (FCR). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for haematological (TEC, Hb, PCV and ESR) and biochemical (GOT and GPT) study. Body weight was increased significantly in both treated groups compared with the control group and highest body weights were recorded in group $T_2$. TEC, PCV and Hb content increased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to the control group, but ESR, GOT and GPT values decreased significantly (p<0.01) in both treated groups as compared to the control group. The result reveals that use of antioxidants (vitamin E and selenium) is an effective way of getting the best result in terms of body weight gain and haemato-biochemical profiles in broiler birds at high altitude.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 1992

The pathway and time course of fucose-containing glycoprotein synthesis and intracellular translocation in osteoclasts of the mice maxillary alveolar bone were investigated by electron microscopic radioautography. Male Balb-C mice weighing 17gm were anesthetized with Nembutal and injected via the external jugular vein with 2.5 mCi of $L-[6-^{3}H]-fucose$ (specific activity 16.8 mCi/mmol) in 0.1 ml of sterile saline solution. At 5, 10, 20, 35 minutes and 8 hours after administration of the $^{3}H-fucose$, animals were killed by intracardiac perfusion of 30ml of 2% glutaraldehyde in a modified Tyroid solution, pH 7.4. The maxillae were then removed and further fixed in Karnovsky fixative for an additional 3-4 hours. After rinsing in 0.1M cacodylate buffer for 10 minutes, the maxillae were demineralized for 2 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$ in ethylene diamine tetra acetate containing 2% glutaraldehyde. The first interdental areas were mesiodistally sectioned into slices of 1mm thickness and postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Tissues were then dehydrated and embedded in Poly Bed. To prepare electron microscopic radioautography, the dipping method of Kopriwa (1973) was employed. Thin sections were coated with a crystalline monolayer of ILford $L_4$ photographic emulsion. After exposure for 4 months at $4^{\circ}C$, the sections were developed Kodak Microdol-X and Phenidon (for compact grains), fixed in 30% sodium thiosulfate, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined in the electron microscope (JEOL 1200 EX). At 5, 10 and 20 minutes after injection, $^{3}H-fucose$ was concentrated in Golgi cisternae of the osteoblasts. By 35 minutes the labels were observed over small vesicles in the suprannclear area of osteoclasts. At 8 hours, numerous silver grains were located on the ruffled border and cell membrane of osteoclasts. These results indicate that fucose molecules are added in the Golgi apparatus and small vesicles appear to be responsible for translocation of the glycoproteins to the marginal portion of osteoblasts. The glycoproteins are distributed on the osteoclast cell surface and especially over the ruffled border.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.106-112
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Bee Venom Herb-Acupuncture on the jaw opening reflex evoked by tooth pulp stimulation. Rats were anesthetized with thiopental sodium given intraperitoneally in an initial dose of 80mg/kg. Maintenance doses of 5mg/kg thiopental sodium were given through a cannular in the femoral vein as required to maintain light anesthesia. To apply noxious stimuli, a pair of enameled wires were inserted into the tooth pulp of the lower incisor. The effects of conditioning stimuli were estimated as an indicator of the degree of suppression of the digastric muscle electromyogram(dEMG) in the jaw opening reflex. Bee Venom Herb- Acupuncture(0.2% solution 0.1ml/rat) was injected to Hapgok(LI4) loci. In addition, Normal Saline (0.1ml/rat) was injected to Hapgok loci so as to compare the degree of suppression elicited from Bee-Venom. By administration of Bee Venom Herb-Acupuncture, the amplitude of dEMG was maximally suppressed to $67.5{\pm}3.38%$ ipsilaterally, 73.33{\pm}8.00%$ contralaterally. Generally, the dEMG activities caused by electrical stimulation were gradually suppressed during the stimulation and maximal suppressive effect showed at 15min after its onset. However the dEMG activities by Be Venom Herb-Acupuncture were immediately suppressed after its onset and the suppressive effect continued for a long time compared to electrical stimulation. In conclusion, Bee Venom Herb-Acupuncture may have a different mechanism of analgesia from that of electro-acupuncture and contribute to the modulation of pain analgesia.