• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.55-71
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of coping behaviors of non-professional working mothers and find out the individual and situational factors which affect the degree of coping behaviors. For this research, the working mothers in non-professional job with children under age 18 answered the structured questionaire. The findings were as follows. First, the degree of coping behaviors was rather high in multiple role management strategies, strengthening family system and positive thinking, but rather low in housework socialization and role reduction/standard adjustment. Second, the effect of associated variables were different according to the subcategories of coping behaviors. So we conclude that, the coping behaviors of the non-professional working mothers were different from those of professional working mothers in some aspects, althought they have much similarities. The different aspects were 1) The relationship of family income and the degree of housework socialization was more evident. 2) The work-related variables did not affect the coping process significantly because of the conservative sex-role attitued of them. Second, non-professional working mothers should use coping behaviors such as housework socialization, role reduction/standard adjustment more for the more effective management of the role strain. Third, the attitude of occupational and parental role was one of the most important factors in using the role strain coping behaviors. And such an unconscious use of the coping behavior won't be helpful in the feeling of control over environment including role strain and active coping of working mothers.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1044-1055
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• 1997

To find out generating mechanism of eddies in the polar frontal zone of the East Sea, we carried out a series of numerical experiments using the nonlinear $1^{1/2}-layer$ model allowing the effect of the polar front. We assumed the polar front at about $39^{\circ}N$ in zonal direction with the cold water region in the northern part and the warm water region in the southern part of the model ocean. To examine the effect of the frontal motion without the influence of the Tsushima Current from the beginning of the geostrophic adjustment, the initial state of the model ocean was assumed motionless. Eastward current was caused by the geostrophic adjustment process in the polar frontal zone that induced a steady northward coastal current along the Korean coast to satisfy the mass continuity. The overshooting of this coastal current acted as an initial disturbance of the zonal flow field which caused meanders and eddies. The spatial scales of eddies were in good agreement with the baroclinic instability theory.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

This study initially analyzes the meaning of Community-Based Residential Environment Improvement. A residential environment improvement factor was determined through an analysis of the function, components, Planning techniques of the community, the evaluation criteria of the residential environment, and through relative literature documenting plans for the adjustment of urban and housing environments. In terms of the methodological approach, decisions were made based on the results of an expert focus-group-interview, a goodness-of-fit test, and by using the analytic network decision-making method from which the correlation among items can be considered. Results of this analysis show that the, order of importance of factors for a community-based residential environment is as follows: interactional character, cognitive character, and locational character. Furthermore, the most important aspect for each of these factors are the neighbor-hood relationship in terms of the interactional character, common consciousness for the cognitive character and place for locational character. The results of this study can be used by linking them with questionnaire items for basic resident research when a residential environment improvement project or a plan for the adjustment of urban and housing environments is planned.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.609-611
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• 2003

This paper presents a method for a congestion management in the competitive market which is modeled as the multiple bilateral transaction. Traditionary, the congestion management for the multiple bilateral transaction is accomplished through the process of adjustment bids. It is necessary in for the market entity to submit their price information when the congestion is occured. Finally, the ISOs can be blown about the approximated contract price of participants from the price of adjustment bids. However, the entities can submit only the amount of their contract to ISOs and ISOs are required the method to manage the congestion only by the contracted quantity. Therefore, this paper presents a method for congestion management by curtailing the only contracted quantity of market entities. To evaluated the above problem, we suggest Bilateral Transaction Distribution Factors(BTDFs), which is the sensitivity of line flow with curtailment of transactions. Using this factor, we studied about congestion management when the objective function is to minimize total curtailment of transaction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.3665-3674
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• 2021

One of the important parts of the in-core fuel management is loading pattern optimization (LPO). The loading pattern optimization as a reasonable design of the in-core fuel management can improve both economic and safe aspects of the nuclear reactor. This work proposes the hybrid of fuzzy logic controller with harmony search algorithm (HS) for loading pattern optimization in a pressurized water reactor. The music improvisation process to find a pleasing harmony is inspiring the harmony search algorithm. In this work, the adjustment of the harmony search algorithm parameters such as the bandwidth and the pitch adjustment rate are increasing performance of the proposed algorithm which is done through a fuzzy logic controller. Hence, membership functions and fuzzy rules are designed to improve the performance of the HS algorithm and achieve optimal results. The objective of the method is finding an optimum core arrangement according to safety and economic aspects such as reduction of power peaking factor (PPF) and increase of effective multiplication factor (Keff). The proposed approach effectiveness has been tried in two cases, Michalewicz's bivariate function problem and NEACRP LWR core. The results show that by using fuzzy harmony search algorithm the value of the fitness function is improved by 15.35%. Finally, with regard to the new solutions proposed in this research it could be used as a trustworthy method for other optimization issues of engineering field.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.261-278
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• 2003

Concepts.Wafer-Level Chip-Scale Concept with Handling Substrate.Low Accuracy Placement Layout with Isolation Trench.Possible Pitch of Interconnections down to $10{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (Sn-Grains).Wafer-to-Wafer Equipment Adjustment Accuracy meets this Request of Alignment Accuracy (+/-1.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$).Adjustment Accuracy of High-Speed Chip-to-Wafer Placement Equipment starts to meet this request.Face-to-Face Modular / SLID with Flipped Device Orientation.interchip Via / SLID with Non-Flipped Orientation SLID Technology Features.Demonstration with Copper / Tin-Alloy (SLID) and W-InterChip Vias (ICV).Combination of reliable processes for advanced concept - Filling of vias with W as standard wafer process sequence.No plug filling on stack level necessary.Simultanious formation of electrical and mechanical connection.No need for underfiller: large area contacts replace underfiller.Cu / Sn SLID layers $\leq$ $10{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in total are possible Electrical Results.Measurements of Three Layer Stacks on Daisy Chains with 240 Elements.2.5 Ohms per Chain Element.Contribution of Soldering Metal only in the Range of Milliohms.Soldering Contact Resistance ($0.43\Omega$) dominated by Contact Resistance of Barrier and Seed Layer.Tungsten Pin Contribution in the Range of 1 Ohm

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.355-375
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• 2022

In this study, LCA based on EU PAS 2050 and Product Category Rules (PCR) was conducted for steel products with the highest proportion of Korea's exports to the EU among the carbon border adjustment items that were passed by the EU Parliament in June and applied to imports from 2025. Carbon emissions were calculated by (ISO 14040) analysis. As a result of the analysis, the total emission is 394,000 tons, and when converted to the EU ETS weekly price, it is 39,000.000 euros, which is about 5% of the export amount of 734 million dollars. This is the same effect as a 5% tariff increase. This study applies international standards in calculating the carbon footprint and provides information that is closest to the expected amount to be imposed in the future EU CBAM, providing the effect of enabling exporters to establish trade strategies and international competitiveness measures in advance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2001

Short shot is a molded part that is incomplete since insufficient material was injected into the mold. Remedial actions to solve short shot can be done by injection molding experts based on their empirical knowledge. Modifying mold and part, changing resin to less viscous one, and adjusting process conditions are general remedies. Experts of injection molding might try to adjust process conditions such as mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time based on their empirical knowledge as the first remedy because adjustment of process conditions is the most economic way in time and cost. However it is difficult to find appropriate process conditions as they are highly coupled and there are so many elements to be considered. In this paper, a fuzzy logic algorithm has been proposed to find an appropriate mold temperature. With the percentage of the insufficient Quantity of an injection molded part, an appropriate mold temperature can be obtained by the fuzzy logic algorithm.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.1352-1355
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• 1996

The control of diamond turning is usually achieved through a laser-interferometer feedback of slide position. If the tool post is rigid and the material removal process is relatively static, then such a non-collocated position feedback control scheme may surface. However, as the accuracy requirement gets tighter and desired surface contours become more complex, the need for a direct tool-tip sensing becomes inevitable. The physical constraints of the machining process prohibit any reasonable implementation of a tool-tip motion measurement. It is proposed that the measured force normal to the face of the workpiece can be filtered through an appropriate admittance transfer function to result in the estimated depth of cut. This can be compared to the desired depth of cut to generate the adjustment control action in addition to position feedback control. In this work, the design methodology on the admittance model-based control with a conventional controller is presented. The recursive least-squares algorithm with forgetting factor is proposed to identify the parameters and update the cutting process in real time. The normal cutting forces are measured to identify the cutting dynamics in the real diamond turning process using the precision dynamometer. Based on the parameter estimation of cutting dynamics and the admittance model-based nanodynamic control scheme, simulation results are shown.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2002

Short shot is a molded part that is incomplete since insufficient material was injected into the mold. Remedial actions to solve short shot can be dune by injection molding experts based on their empirical knowledge. Modifying mold and part, changing resin to less viscous one, and adjusting process conditions are general remedies. Experts of injection molding might try to adjust process conditions such as mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time based on their empirical knowledge as the first remedy because adjustment of process conditions is the most economic way in time and cost. However it is difficult to find appropriate process conditions as they are highly coupled and there are so many elements to be considered. In this paper, a fuzzy logic algorithm has been proposed to find an appropriate mold temperature. With the percentage of the insufficient quantity of an injection molded part, an appropriate mold temperature can be obtained by the fuzzy logic algorithm.