• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.617-624
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• 2017

In this study, a new empirical method is presented to obtain Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF) in nonlinear static analysis of structures against sudden removal of a gravity load-bearing element. In this method, DIF is defined as a function of minimum ratio of difference between maximum moment capacity ($M_u$) and moment demand ($M_d$) to plastic moment capacity ($M_p$) under unamplified gravity loads of elements. This function determines the residual strength of a damaged building before amplified gravity loads. For each column removal location, a nonlinear dynamic analysis and a step-by-step nonlinear static analysis are carried out and the modified empirical DIF formulas are derived, which correspond to the ratio min $[(M_u-M_d)/M_p]$ of beams in the bays immediately adjacent to the removed column, and at all floors above it. Therefore, the new DIF can be used with nonlinear static analysis instead of nonlinear dynamic analysis to assess the progressive collapse potential of a moment frame structure. The proposed DIF formulas can estimate the real residual strength of a structure based on critical member.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

국내 재개발 및 건설공사현장에서 암반파쇄 및 굴착 절취 작업의 일환으로 화약을 사용하는 발파공법과 유압 장비를 이용한 무진동 절취 공법, 브레이커를 이용한 파쇄 공법이 대표적으로 사용되고 있다. 유압력을 이용한 무진동 절취공법은 진동, 소음, 비석 등의 공해를 제어하고, 현장에 인접한 보안물건을 보호하며, 기상조건에 제한을 받지 않아 민원을 예방함과 동시에 암 절취 공사의 효율성을 높일 수 있어 암반 파쇄에 따른 여러 분야에서 적용되고 있다. 그러나, 현행 무진동 절취공법은 암반의 특성을 정확하게 파악하지 않고 대부분을 경험에 의존하여 시공패턴을 설정하고, 시공이 행하여지고 있다. 이러한, 각각의 암반 파쇄 공법은 그 적용에 따른 경제적 이익과 시공성, 안전성등을 극대화 할 수 있으나, 반대로 적절하지 못한 공법 적용은 커다란 경제적 손실과 시공성 및 안전성의 저하를 가져오므로 현장 주변 여건과 암반 상황 등 현장 여건을 종합 검토하여 공법 선정이 이루어져야 한다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제25권6_1호
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• pp.575-583
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• 2007

Surface segmentation aims to represent the terrain as a set of bounded and analytically defined surface patches. Many previous segmentation methods have been developed to extract planar patches from LIDAR data for building extraction. However, most of them were not fully satisfactory for more general applications in terms of the degree of automation and the quality of the segmentation results. This is mainly caused from the limited information derived from LIDAR data. The purpose of this study is thus to develop an automatic method to perform surface segmentation by combining not only LIDAR data but also images. A region-based method is proposed to generate a set of planar patches by grouping LIDAR points. The grouping criteria are based on both the coordinates of the points and the corresponding intensity values computed from the images. This method has been applied to urban data and the segmentation results are compared with the reference data acquired by manual segmentation. 76% of the test area is correctly segmented. Under-segmentation is rarely founded but over-segmentation still exists. If the over-segmentation is mitigated by merging adjacent patches with similar properties as a post-process, the proposed segmentation method can be effectively utilized for a reliable intermediate process toward automatic extraction of 3D model of the real world.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.539-558
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• 2016

Minarets are almost the inevitable part of Mosques in Islam and according to some, from a philosophical point of view, today they symbolize the spiritual elevation of man towards God. Due to slenderness, minarets are susceptible to earthquakes and wind loads. They are mostly built in a masonry style by using cut limestone blocks or occasionally by using bricks. In this study, one minaret (M1 Minaret) of one of the charmest mosques of Turkey, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, popularly known as Blue Mosque, built between 1609 and 1616 on the order of Sultan Ahmed by the architect Mehmet Agha is investigated under some registered earthquake loads. According to historical records, a great earthquake hit Istanbul and/or its close proximity approximately every 250 years. Ottomans tackled with the problem of building earthquake resistant, slender minarets by starting to use forged iron connectors with lead as a filler to fix them to the upper and lower and to adjacent stones instead of using traditional mortar only. Thus, the discrete stones are able to transfer tensile forces in some sense. This study investigates the contribution of lead to the energy absorption capacity of the minaret under extensive earthquakes occurred in the region. By using the software ANSYS/LS-DYNA in modelling and investigating the minaret nonlinearly, it is found out that under very big recorded earthquakes, the connectors of vertical cast iron-lead mechanism play very important role and help to keep the structure safe.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 도시철도 운행으로 발생하는 지반진동의 예측을 위하여 서울지하철 현장 계측을 실시하였다. 현장 계측 결과와 뉴욕지하철의 예측식과 동경지하철의 예측식으로 산정된 값과 비교한 결과, 국내 지반의 지반진동레벨은 뉴욕지하철의 예측식보다 크게 산정되었으며, 동경지하철의 예측식보다는 다소 작게 산정되었다. 또한, 계측현장 지반의 전파경로에 따라 토사지반과 암반지반으로 구분하여 국내 지반특성에 적합한 지반진동 예측식을 제안하였다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.91-118
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find what factors are directly related to the delay of public projects, usually going beyond the planned deadline and budget. From a series of System Dynamics simulation works applied to the Cheongju Cremation Project, the research finds that the negative externalities originated from the adjacent location of the LULU(locally unwanted land use) facilities have exerted significant influence on dynamic perceptions of key stakeholders, typically resulting in project delay. As shown repeated experiments, the proposed negotiation-based models would produce relatively higher planning performance level than the typical approaches hinged on the administrative-expediency tactics. Even though the former may require more human and material resources in the very beginning stage, as they have to deal with diverse grievances raised by major stake-holders, most of them would bound for strengthening reinforcing loops within the complex structure. These results also imply that negotiation or consensus-building approaches would enhance mutual agreement among stake-holders, upgrading the overall quality of project management.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1026-1031
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• 2003

Numbers of people living in high rise apartments are growing due to the overcrowding in urban area. Acoustic environment in those residential buildings has been seriously deteriorated by the increase of wheeled transports. Commonly used sound barriers have a limitation in controlling noise influencing higher part of a residential building. The use of noise barrier tunnels can be an alternative to supplement the defects of conventional noise barriers. But intensive measurements on noise levels at apartments vicinity of current noise barrier tunnels show that the tunnel now has a limited advantage on reducing the noise levels from arterial roads. The present work aims at providing an useful design tool In designing noise barrier tunnels for residential areas adjacent to roads. Number of field measurements, scale model measurements, and computer simulations were performed to ensure whether the prediction from scale model and computer simulation are appropriate. Result shows that the predictions from scale models and computer simulations could be valid prediction tools for designing sound barrier tunnels.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2016

Structural members are designed to maintain the load-carrying capacity as well as structural strength, and the structural serviceability such as the deflection, cracks, and vibration to give the occupants uncomfortable environment should be checked. Recently, the importance of the vibration has been issued since the Techno Mart accident due to vibration resonance. This study provides a passive vibration control system using the repulsion force of magnets to reduce dynamic vibrations. The systems is devised by importing the constraint condition by a hinge to operate magnets installed at two adjacent locations. The effectiveness of the proposed system is investigated by the vibration control test of a steel beam with and without the control system. It is illustrated in the test that the system is activated by the control forces executed by the magnets and can be utilized in reducing the dynamic responses. The system can be applied to pedestrian bridge and traffic bridge. The applicability is expected in the future by optimizing the factors to affect the dynamic responses like the intensity, mass, locations of magnets.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제3권
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• pp.51-63
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• 2001

국립경주박물관 미술관 신축과 관련하여 미술관 부지의 우물지(I-지역)와 공동구부지의 우물지(II-지역)에서 총 588점의 자연목의 시료가 출토되었으며 32종의 수종이 식별되었다. 가장 높은 점유비율을 차지하는 수종은 감나무와 물푸레나무류의 수종으로 나타났다. 그 다음으로 소나무, 상수리나무류, 졸참나무류, 밤나무등의 참나무과의 수종, 개살구나무류, 복사나무류, 윤노리나무류등의 장미과의 수종이 높은 점유율을 나타내었다. 두 지역은 서로 인접하고 있었던 바 수종의 점유율에 큰 차이가 없었다. 식별된 수종들은 열매를 식용할 수 있는 유실수가 많았으며 아름다운 외형과 재질이 우수하여 가공이 용이하여 이용하기 쉬운 좋은 수종들임을 알 수 있었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.783-791
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• 2019

Prefabricated reinforced-concrete shear walls are used extensively in building structures because they are convenient to construct and environmentally sustainable. To make large walls easier to transport, they are divided into smaller segments and then assembled at the construction site using a variety of connection methods. The present paper proposes a precast shear wall assembled using steel shear keys, wherein the shear keys are fixed on the embedded steel plates of adjacent wall segments by combined plug and fillet welding. The anchoring strength of shear keys is known to affect the mechanical properties of the wall segments. Loading tests were therefore performed to observe the behavior of precast shear wall specimens with different anchoring components for shear keys. The specimen with insufficient strength of anchoring components was found to have reduced stiffness and lateral resistance. Conversely, an extremely high anchoring strength led to a short-column effect at the base of the wall segments and low deformation ability. Finally, for practical engineering purposes, a design approach involving the safety coefficient of anchoring components for steel shear keys is suggested.