• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2014

In case of esthetic restorative procedure with zirconia restoration, we have to use resin cement because of not only just for retention but also esthetic reason. In such a clinical situation, we have to consider two bonding interfaces, one is tooth surface to resin cement and the other is zirconia surface to resin cement. There is well established bonding protocol between tooth surface to resin cement, but bonding protocol of zirconia surface to resin cement is still controversial. In scientific point of view, there are two mechanism for bonding of zirconia restoration.. One is mechanical retention and the other is chemical adhesion. However, we have three different options for bonding of zirconia restoration in clinical situation; 1) Tribo-chemical coating with silica and silane coupling agent 2) Zirconia primer with phosphate chemistry 3) Self-adhesive resin cement with phosphate chemistry.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.425-435
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• 1996

The effect of application of dentin bonding agent to the exposed dentin on the intradental nerve activity (INA), dentinal fluid movement and sealing of the dentinal tubules, was investigated in this study. The INA was recorded from the single pulp nerve unit dissected from the inferior alveolar nerve. And specimen of dentin was observed by SEM. Dentinal fluid 'movement through exposed dentin surface was measured before and after the application of dentin bonding agent. 1. Eight Ao-fiber units (conduction velocity: $8.0{\pm}4.0m$/sec) were identified. 4M NaCl evoked an irregular burst of action potentials which ceased immediately after washing. 2. In 4 $A{\delta}$-fiber units, appliction of All Bond 2 completely abolished the INA induced by 4M NaCl. Also, application of Scotchbond Multipurpose(SBMP) totally abolished the INA induced by 4M NaCl in 4 $A{\delta}$-fiber units. 3. Before the application of dentin bonding agent, outward dentinal fluid movement of $10.2{\pm}5.7\;pl{\cdot}s^{-1}{\cdot}mm^{-2}$ was obsered. But after the application of dentin bonding agent the movement of dentinal fluid was stopped. 4. The gap width of 2-$3{\mu}m$ was formed between exposed dentin and adhesive resin in the specimens applied with dentin bonding agents of All Bone 2 and SBMP. But the formation of hybrid layer and the penetration of resin into were dentinal tubules were not clearly observed in interface between dentin and adhesive resin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.243-253
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• 2000

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate dentin bonding by two different dentin bonding systems(DBS) using acetone based primer or adhesive [All Bond 2(AB2), One Step(OS)] when they were applied by wet or dry bonding technique. Morphology of resin-dentin interface and hybrid layer thickness(HLT) were investigated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope(CLSM) and compared to shear bond strength(SBS). 72 extracted sound human molars were randomly divided into 4 groups of 18 teeth each - Group 1.(AW); AB2 by wet bonding. Group 2(AD); AB2 by dry bonding. Group 3.(OW); OS by wet bonding, Group 4.(OD); OS by dry bonding. In 6 teeth of each group, notch-shaped class V cavities(depth 2mm) were prepared on buccal and lingual surface at the cementoenamel juction(12 cavities per group). To obtain color contrast in CLSM observation, bonding resins of each DBS were mixed with rhodamine B and primer of AB2 was mixed with sodium fluorescein. Prepared teeth of each group were treated with AB2, OS, respectively according to the manufacturer's instructions except for dentin surface moisture treatment after acid etching. In group 1 and 3, after acid etching, excess water was removed with wet tissue(Kimwipes), leaving consistently shiny, visibly hydrated dentin surface. In group 2 and 4, dentin surface was dried for 10 seconds at 1 inch distance. The treated teeth were then packed with composite resin(${\AE}$litefil) and light-cured. 12 microscopic samples($60{\sim}80{\mu}m$ thickness) of each group were obtained after longitudinal section and grinding(Exakt cutting and grinding system). Morphological investigation of resin-dentin interface and HLT measurement using CLSM were done. For measurement of SBS, remaining 12 teeth of each group were flattened occlusally to remove all enamel and grinded to 500 grit SiC(Pedemet Specimen Preparation Equipment). After applying DBS on the exposed dentin surface, composite resin was applied in the shape of cylinder, which has 5mm diameter, 1.5mm thickness, and light cured. SBS was measured using Instron with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. It was concluded as follows, 1. HLT of AW(mean: $2.59{\mu}m$) was thicker than any other group, and followed by AD, OW, OD in descending order(mean; 2.37, 2.28, $1.92{\mu}m$). Only OD had statistically significant differences(p<0.05) to AW and AD. 2. There were intimate contact of resin and dentin at the interface in wet bonding groups, but gaps or irregular interfaces were observed in dry bonding groups. 3. The length, diameter, density of resin tags were various even in the same group without significant differences between groups and lots of adhesive lateral branches were observed. 4. There were no statistically significant difference of SBS between AB2 and OS, but SBS of wet bonding groups were significantly higher(p<0.05) than dry bonding groups. 5. There were no consistent relationships between HLT and SBS.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2013

The wafer bonding process becomes a flexible approach to material and device integration. The bonding strength in 3-dimensional process is crucial factor in various interface bonding process such as silicon to silicon, silicon to metals such as oxides to adhesive intermediates. A measurement method of bonding strength was proposed by utilizing AFM applied CNT probe tip which indicated the relative simplicity in preparation of sample and to have merit capable to measure regardless type of films. Also, New Tool was utilized to measure of tip radius. The cleaned $SiO_2$-Si bonding strength of SPFM indicated 0.089 $J/m^2$, and the cleaning result by RCA 1($NH_4OH:H_2O:H_2O_2$) measured 0.044 $J/m^2$, indicated negligible tolerance which verified the possibility capable to measure accurate bonding strength. And it could be confirmed the effective bonding is possible through SPFM cleaning.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2011

In this paper, the direct bonding process between FPCB and HPCB was studied. By using an ultrasonic horn which is mounted on the ultrasonic bonding machine, it is alternatively possible to bond the gold pads attached on the FPCB and HPCB at room temperature without an adhesive like ACA or NCA. The process condition for obtaining more bonding strength than 0.6 Kgf, which is commercially required, was carried out as 40 kHz of frequency, 0.6 MPa of bonding pressure and 2 second of bonding time. The peel off test was performed for evaluating bonding strength which results in more than 0.8 Kgf.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

Structural stability and shock absorption are important properties for corrugated board. In order to maintain structural stability, adhesive properties between top/bottom liners and corrugated medium are not only essential but also important for productivity and product quality. Borax has been an essential ingredient in corrugating adhesive solution. Borax increases viscosity, bonding between starchs and green adhesive bond. The objective of this research is to improving adhesive strength and viscosity stability by adding cross-linking agent instead of borax. Rheology and penetration of main starch gelatinization slurry were affected by borax addition level. Borax increased viscosity and decreased viscosity stability, while cross-linking additives increased viscosity stability and adhesive strength by anchoring effect.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 1991

성공적인 종이수술을 위하여 안전하고 효과적인 접착제가 필요하며, 합성 접착제의 독성작용 때문에 인체에서 추출한 접착제를 사용하게 되었다. Fibrin 접착제가 저장 혈액에서 체취되면 감염성 질환의 전염 위험성이 있지만 자가 fibrin 접착제를 사용하면 전염위험성이 없다. 저자들은 ammonium sulfate fibrin 접착제와 상품화된 fibrin 접착제의 접착력을 비교한 결과 ammonium sulfate fibrin 접착제의 접착력이 상품화된 fibrin 접착제의 반 정도의 접착력을 가지지만 그 정도의 접착력이면 고막재생술, 안면신경 봉합술, 이소골 재건술, 외이도 후벽재건술, 뼈가루를 이용한 전두동 및 유양동폐쇄술 등 이비인후과 수술에 사용하기엔 충분한 접착력이다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2022

To investigate the influence of manufacturing environment on bonding performance of mixed cross laminated wood (CLT) using polyurethane (PUR) adhesive, a boiling water soak delamination test according to the temperature and relative humidity was conducted. The 5-ply mixed CLT consisted of Japanese Larch for external and middle layer and yellow poplar for internal layer. The PUR adhesives with different opening times of 10 and 30 minutes were used. The mixed CLT was manufactured according to pressing times of PUR and manufacturing environments of summer and winter. In case of summer environment, the delamination rate of the mixed CLT with pressing time of 4 hours using a PUR adhesive with open time of 10 minutes met the requirements of KS F 2081. In case of winter environment, the delamination rate of the mixed CLT didn't meet the requirements of KS standard. However, it was possible to confirm the effect of improving the adhesive performance by adjusting the pressing time according to the open time of the adhesive under the manufacturing conditions. The delamination rate of CLT with open time 30 minutes PUR, manufactured by indirect moisture supply methods was 11.2% better than direct moisture supply methods. As a result of delamination test in the same condition of relative humidity and adhesive, it was found that the temperature of manufacturing environment influences the adhesive performance.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.200-211
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• 2022

청자 투각고리문 의자는 4점 일괄유물로 경기도 개성에서 출토된 것으로 전해진다. 청자 의자는 고려시대 당시 청자 제작기술의 우수성과 화려한 생활상을 보여주는 등 미술사적으로 가치가 높아 보물로 지정 관리되어 왔다. 그러나 일괄유물 중 1점의 경우 과거 수리 복원된 것으로, 처리 재료의 열화, 처리자의 미숙함 등으로 인해 미적가치가 하락되었고, 구조적으로 불안하여 재처리의 필요성이 제기되었다. 처리 전 보존상태를 조사한 결과, 물리적 손상은 전반적으로 제조상 결함부위를 중심으로 인위적 손상이 가중되어 구조적으로 취약한 상태를 보였다. 균열부위 및 탈락된 편은 접합면이 맞지 않고 접착제가 청자 표면에 흐른 자국과 접착제 표면에 분진 등 2차적 오염물이 생겨 변질된 상태였다. 수리복원 상태를 조사하기 위해 자외선과 확대현미경을 이용하여 균열부의 접합 부위의 위치와 범위, 상태를 파악하였다. 적외선분광 분석(FT-IR)과 휴대용 X-선 형광분석을 실시하여 보존처리에 사용한 재료를 분석한 결과, 접착제로 셀룰로오스계 수지와 에폭시계 수지가 사용된 것을 확인하였다. 또한 일부 힘을 받는 접합부위에서는 접합강도를 높이기 위해 접착제에 석고(CaSO₄·2H₂O) 또는 골분(Ca₁₀ (PO₄)₆(OH)₂)을 첨가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 상태조사 결과를 바탕으로, 유물의 보존처리는 기존 접합된 상태에서 전면 해체하고 물리적으로 취약한 부분을 중심으로 접합·복원을 통해 보강하는데 중점을 두었다. 기존에 사용된 접착제를 제거하고 해체한 결과, 청자 의자는 크게 상부와 하부, 굽다리, 일부 고리 문 등 총 6개 편으로 분리되었다. 해체 후 접합면에 남아 있는 잔류 접착제 및 오염물은 화학적 및 물리적으로 제거하고 스팀세척기로 파단면 세척을 통해 재접합의 효율을 높였다. 유물의 접합은 접합부위와 크기에 따라 접착제를 다르게 적용하였다. 편의 위치만 고정하는 접합부에는 시아노아크릴계 수지 Loctite^® 401을 사용하고 구조적으로 안정화시키는 부분에는 가역성을 위해 아크릴계 수지인 Paraloid^® B-72 20%(in xylene)로 단면처리한 후 에폭시계 수지 Epo-tek^® 301-2를 이용하여 접합하였다. 상·하부 접합 같이 힘을 받는 부위는 Epo-tek^® 301-2에 Kaolin을 첨가하여 접합강도를 보강하였다. 연속되는 문양으로 추정 가능한 고리문의 결실 부분은 SN-Sheet로 뼈대를 만들고 Wood epos^®로 파손단면을 연결하여 모델링하면서 고리문을 복원하였다. 그 외 접합하면서 생긴 복원 부위는 심미적 및 구조적 안정화를 위해 Wood epos^®로 메움처리하였다. 복원부위 및 메움처리한 부분은 추후 전시활용에 있어 이질감이 없도록 색맞춤하였다. 다양한 과학기술을 활용한 조사와 처리과정은 체계적으로 기록하여 보존 관리하는데 기초자료로 활용하도록 하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2017

Polyurethane dispersion (PUD) polymers were synthesized by using polyether and polyester polyol. The effect of ionomeric centers, r(NCO / OH) values, chain extender process, and chain extender types on the adhesion properties was investigated. In the case of polyether-based PUD, the ionic center, r value, chain extension process and chain extender types were not adjusted even after adjustment. In the case of polyester-based PUD, when the ionic center content was more than 2.5%, the state of adhesive strength was $2.0kgf/cm^2$ or more. On the other hand, the initial adhesive strength was excellent at about $1kgf/cm^2$ when the ionic center content was over 3.5%. When the r value was 1.3 or more, it was found that the initial bonding strength and the state of bonding strength were excellent at about $1kgf/cm^2$ and $2.1kgf/cm^2$ or higher, respectively. An IR spectrum analysis of the synthesized PUD confirmed that PUD was composed of urethane based on the N-H characteristic peak at $3340cm^{-1}$ and the urethane characteristic peak at $1730cm^{-1}$. Moreover, the characteristic peaks of the isocyanate ($2260cm^{-1}$) used in the preparation of the prepolymer were not observed. As a result, the residual -NCO was not observed, and urethane was completely synthesized.