• 농업과학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1978

단일조건하(短日條件下)에서의 수도출수기(水稻出穗期)의 유전(遺傳)에 관(關)한 정보(情報)를 얻고자 농백(農白)을 위시한 5개(個) 수도품종(水稻品種)의 전조합(全組合) 이면교배(二面交配)를 실시(實施)하여 얻은 $F_2$를 자연일장(自然日長)과 단일하(短日下)에 각각 재배(栽培)한 후 출수(出穗)까지 일수(日數)를 조사(調査)하여 유전분석(遺傳分析)을 수행(遂行)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 자연일장하(自然日長下)에서는 농백(農白)${\times}$팔굉(八紘) 및 농백(農白)${\times}$만경조합(萬頃組合)을 제외(除外)한 나머지 조합(組合)은 모두 양친(兩親)의 평균출수기(平均出穗期)보다 출수기(出穗期)가 지연(遲延)되었으나 단일하(短日下)에서는 만경(萬頃)${\times}$금남풍조합(金南風組合)의 출수기(出穗期)만 양친(兩親)의 평균출수기(平均出穗期)와 같았고 그 외조합(外組合)의 출수기(出穗期)는 모두 양친(兩親)의 평균출수기(平均出穗期)보다 현저(顯著)히 단축(短縮)되었다. 2. 자연일장하(自然日長下)에서는 비대립유전자(非對立遺傳子) 상호간(相互間)의 상호작용(相互作用)을 인정(認定)할 수 있었으나 단일하(短日下)에서의 출수기유전(出穗期遺傳)에서는 비대립유전자(非對立遺傳子) 상호간(相互間)의 상호작용(相互作用)은 인정(認定)되지 않았으며 상가적(相加的) 효과(效果)가 우성효과(優性效果)보다 큰 부분우성(部分優性)을 나타내었다. 3. 자연일장하(自然日長下)에서는 통일(統一), 금남풍(金南風)이 우성대(優性帶)에 농백(農白)이 열성대(劣性帶)에 위치(位置)하고 있었으나 단일조건하(短日條件下)에서는 농백(農白), 만경(萬頃)이 우성대(優性帶)에 통일(統一)은 열성대(劣性帶)에 위치(位置)하였다. 4. 자연일장하(自然日長下)에서는 우성효과(優性效果)가 상가적(相加的) 효과(效果)에 비(比)해 크게 나타났고 광의(廣義) 및 협의(俠義)의 유전력(遺傳力)은 아주 낮았으나 단일하(短日下)에서는 우성효과(優性效果)에 비9比)해 상가적(相加的) 효과(效果)가 현저(顯著)히 컸으며 광의(廣義) 및 협의(俠義)의 유전력(遺傳力)이 모두 높았다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2009

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major flavonoid in green tea has multiple health benefits including chemoprevention, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects. In connection with these effects, EGCG can be a candidate to help the treatment of metabolic diseases. Metformin is a widely used anti-diabetic drug regulating cellular energy homeostasis via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Therefore, the combination of metformin with EGCG may have additive or synergistic effects on treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, there is no report for the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic interaction of EGCG with metformin. Here, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between metformin and EGCG in rats. Pharmacokinetics parameters of metformin were measured after oral administration of metformin in rats pre-treated with EGCG (10 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days. The results showed that there is no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between saline control and EGCG-treated group. In addition, the hepatic AMPK activation by metformin in EGCG-treated rats was also similar to the control. The lack of additive effects of EGCG on AMPK activation or intracellular uptake of metformin was also evaluated in cells in the presence or absence of EGCG. Treatment of HepG2 cells with EGCG inhibited the metformin-induced AMPK activation. Combined results suggested that EGCG has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of metformin but may contribute to metformin action.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 1990

제초제(除草劑) thiobencarb 처리(處理)에 의한 벼 내성(耐性)의 유전양식(遺傳樣式)을 조사키 위하여 thiobencarb에 반응(反應)을 달리하는 5품종(品種)과 이들을 이용하여 이면교잡(二面交雜)으로 얻는 $F_1$ 잡종(雜種)을 대상으로 thiobencarb 2 kg 및 4 kg a.i. ha을 처리(處理)하여 이면교잡(二面交雜) 분석법(分析法)으로 조사한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. Thiobencarb 농도(濃度)에 관계없이 초장(草長)과 건물중(乾物重)의 일반조합능력(一般組合能力)과 특정조합능력(特定組合能力)에서 공(共)히 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으며 일반조합능력(一般組合能力)이 특정조합능력(特定組合能力)보다 높게 나타났다. 내성(耐性)에 관여(關與)하는 유전자(遺傳子)의 작용(作用)은 상가적(相加的) 효과(效果)가 지배적(支配的)이였으며 내성(耐性)이 높은 방향(方向)으로의 부분우성(部分優性)도 인정(認定)되었다. 협의(俠義) 및 광의(廣義)의 도전력(道傳力)은 비교적(比較的) 높게 나타났는데 특(特)히, 4kg a:/ha 처리(處理)에서 협의(俠義)의 유전력(遺傳力)이 초장(草長)에서 0.726 건물중(乾物重)에서 0.743으로 높은 편이었다. 제초제(除草劑) thiobencarb에 내성(耐性)을 나타낸 벼 IR9660-50-3-1 계통(系統)의 일반조합능력(一般組合能力) 효과(效果)는 내성(耐性)이 높은 방향(方向)으로 높고 내성(耐性)에 관여(關與)하는 우성유전자(優性遺傳子)를 많이 가진 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3651-3657
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• 2014

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a relatively higher incidence in many countries of Asia. Globally, HCC has a high fatality rate and short survival. Epirubicin, a doxorubicin analogue, may be administered alone or in combination with other agents to treat primary liver cancer and metastatic diseases. However, the toxic effects of epirubicin to normal tissues and cells have been one of the major obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the effects of epirubicin in combination with kappa-selenocarrageenan on mice with H22 implanted tumors and HepG-2 cell proliferation, immune organ index, morphology, cell cycle and related protein expressions in vivo and in vitro with sequential drug exposure. The inhibitory rate of tumor growth in vivo was calculated. Drug sensitivity was measured by MTT assay, and the King's principle was used to evaluate the interaction of drug combination. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescent microscopy. Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 were detected by Western blotting. In vivo results demonstrated that the inhibitory rate of EPI combined with KSC was higher than that of KSC or EPI alone, and the Q value indicated an additive effect. In addition, KSC could significantly raise the thymus and spleen indices of mice with H22 implanted tumors. In the drug sensitivity assay in vitro, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously was more effective than exposure sequentially in HepG-2 cells, while exposure to KSC prior to EPI was more effective than exposure to EPI prior to KSC. Q values showed an additive effect in the simultaneous group and antagonistic effects in the sequential groups. Morphological analysis showed similar results to the drug sensitivity assay. Cell cycle analysis revealed that exposure to KSC or EPI alone arrested the cells in S phase in HepG-2 cells, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously caused accumulation in the S phase, an effect caused by either KSC or EPI. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 protein was down-regulated following exposure to KSC and EPI alone or in combination, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously resulting in the lowest values. Taken together, our findings suggest that KSC in combination with EPI might have potential as a new therapeutic regimen against HCC.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (NOP) on gas production, rumen fermentation, and animal performances depending on animal type using a meta-analysis approach. A database consisted of data from 14 studies, 18 experiments and 55 treatments. The supplementation of NOP linearly decreased methane (CH₄) emissions [g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)] regardless of animal type and length of experimental period (beef, p < 0.0001, R² = 0.797; dairy, p = 0.0003, R² = 0.916; and long term, p < 0.0001, R² = 0.910). The total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and the proportion of acetate, based on beef cattle database, were significantly decreased with increasing NOP supplementation (p = 0.0015, R² = 0.804 and p = 0.0003, R² = 0.918), whereas other individual VFAs was increased. Based on the dairy database, increasing levels of NOP supplementation linearly decreased proportion of acetate (p = 0.0284, R² = 0.769) and increased that of valerate (p = 0.0340, R² = 0.522), regardless of significant change on other individual VFAs. In animal performances, the DMI, from beef cattle database, tended to decrease when the levels of NOP supplementation increased (p = 0.0574, R² = 0.170), whereas there was no significant change on DMI from dairy cattle database. The NOP supplementation tended to decrease milk yield (p = 0.0606, R² = 0.381) and increase milk fat and milk protein (p = 0.0861, R² = 0.321, p = 0.0838, R² = 0.322). NOP is a viable candidate as a feed additive because of its CH₄ mitigation effects, regardless of animal type and experiment period, without adverse effects on animal performances.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2016

In this study, the effects of grape seed flour on the physical-chemical properties, microbiological and sensory properties of Turkish dry fermented sausage, sucuk, was investigated. After the sausages produced with beef, beef fat, sheep tail fat and spices, they were ripened for 14 d. Then they were vacuum-packaged and stored for 80 d at 4℃. The effects of grape seed flour (GSF; 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 3%) on the physical-chemical properties (pH, moisture, fat, protein, free fatty acids, thiobarbituric acids, diameter reduction, ripening yield, instrumental colour), microbiological properties (total aerobic mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, mould and yeast) and sensory properties of the sausages were investigated. Grape seed flour decreased moisture, TBA, diameter reduction, instrumental colour (a, b) values and sensory analysis scores during the ripening period; it also decreased TBA, instrumental colour (L, a, b) values, total aerobic mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria counts during the storage period. It was concluded that grape seed flour has a potential application as an additive in dry fermented sausages.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.651-668
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• 2013

Concrete structures need repairing due to various reasons such as deteriorative effects, overloading, poor quality of workmanship and design failures. Cement based repair mortars are the most widely used solutions for concrete repair applications. Various factors may affect the bond strength between concrete substrate and repair mortars. In this paper, the effects of polymer additives, strength of the concrete substrate, surface roughness, surface wetness and aging on the bond between concrete substrate and repair mortar has been investigated. Full factorial experimental design is employed to investigate the main and interaction effects of these factors on the bond strength. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) under design of experiments (DOE) in Minitab 14 Statistical Software is used for the analysis. Results showed that the interaction bond strength is higher when the application surface is wet and strength of the concrete substrate is comparatively high. According to the results obtained from the analysis, the most effective repair mortar additive in terms of bonding efficiency was styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) within the investigated polymers and test conditions. This bonding ability improvement can be attributed to the self-flowing ability, high flexural strength and comparatively low air content of SBR modified repair mortars. On the other hand, styrene acrylate rubber (SAR) modified mortars was found incompatible with the concrete substrate.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.159-175
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• 2018

The main aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of metakaolin on strength and durability properties of concrete. For this purpose, concrete mixtures are produced by substituting cement with metakaolin 0, 5, 10 and 20% by weight. The amount of binder for the concrete mixtures are 300 and $400kg/m^3$ with a constant water to cement ratio of 0.6. Compressive and bending strengths, freeze-thaw and high-temperature resistances, capillary coefficients and rapid chloride permeability properties were determined and compared each other. Because of all the experiments conducted, it has been found that the use of metakaolin as a pozzolanic additive in concrete have positive effects especially on compressive and bending strengths, capillary, rapid chloride permeability, freeze-thaw resistance, and high temperatures, up to $800^{\circ}C$. The results indicated that the performance of concrete can be enhanced by metakaolin. Particularly, compressive strength and durability properties have found to be improved with increasing metakaolin content which is attributed to pozzolanic activity and filler effect. Furthermore, metakaolin has relatively positive impacts under elevated temperatures and freeze-thaw effects. However, almost all the strengths of entire concrete specimens are lost at $800^{\circ}C$. Consequently, the optimum metakaolin substitution ratio can be suggested to be 20% as per this study.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.241-245
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• 2017

Aged garlic has been reported to possess beneficial pharmacological activities, including anti-stress and anti-fatigue properties, and to exert protective effects on the cardiovascular system and liver. Pine needles are widely used in folk medicine and as food additives owing to their pharmacological properties such as anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects. It has long been known that combining certain phytochemicals with other phenols or organic acids can produce synergistic effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an optimal formula of aged garlic with added pine needle powder for improved antioxidant activity using the statistical technique of response surface methodology. The antioxidant activities of aged garlic mixed with pine needle powder were confirmed by measuring oxygen radical absorbance capacity and total polyphenol content. An optimized antioxidant formula was identified that contained 5.08 g aged garlic and 1.97 g pine needle powder. The antioxidant activities of the mixture prepared using this optimal formula were significantly higher than the predicted values according to an additive model. Hence, this study confirms that the addition of pine needle powder to aged garlic can improve its antioxidant activity. This study demonstrated an optimal mixing ratio to produce an aged garlic product with improved functionality through the addition of pine needle powder that could be successfully employed by the food industry to prepare functional foods.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2008

Objective to assess whether exposure to air pollutants is associated with postneonatal infant death, using a timeseries methodology, between 1999 and 2003 in Seoul, Korea.. Methods We investigated the short-term effects of air pollution for 548,725 live births during the study period. The daily count of postneonatal infant deaths from all causes and from SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) by birth order was analyzed by a Generalized Additive Poisson model, with controlling for the effects of seasonal trends, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and day of the week as covariates. Results During the study period, we observed 699 deaths from all causes and 47 deaths from SIDS. We did not find any significant associations between daily mortality and ambient levels of air pollutants except for CO and $NO_2$. The estimated relative risk of postneonatal infant death from all causes was 1.17 (95% CI=1.04-1.32) and 1.16 (95% CI=1.03-1.29) by IQR (interquartile range) for CO and $NO_2$ respectively. Also, we observed no clear trend of the mortality effects of air pollution by birth orders. Conclusion In conclusion, our findings suggest that air pollution, in general, influenced adversely postneonatal infant death from all-cause and SIDS although it was not statistically significant. This study may support that the rationale.