• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2015

Impaired respiratory function is common in patients with stroke. The purpose of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of exercises and to assess forced vital capacity and peak cough flow after completion of neck stabilizing and respiratory reeducation exercises (combining diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises). The 45 participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group 1 ($n_1=15$), experimental group 2 ($n_2=15$), and a control group ($n_3=15$). All subjects performed conservative physical therapy for 30 minutes. Experimental group 1 undertook the neck stabilizing exercise and the respiratory reeducation exercise. Experimental group 2 undertook the respiratory reeducation exercise. Additional exercise did not exceed 30 minutes, five times a week for six weeks. The subjects were assessed for deep neck flexor thickness and breathing function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, forced expiratory volume at one second/forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, and manual assisted peak cough flow) at pre-post value. The results of this study were as follows. Experimental group 1 showed a significant increase only in deep neck flexor thickness change rate (p<.05). All groups showed significant increases in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, and peak expiratory flow in pre-post measurement (p<.05). Experimental groups 1 and 2 showed an increase in manual assisted peak cough flow in pre-post measurement (p<.05). There was no significant difference between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, but experimental group 1 improved more than experimental group 2 in respiratory function as a whole. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the neck stabilizing exercise in combination with the respiratory reeducation exercise can improve forced vital capacity and peak cough flow in patients with stroke.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.425-437
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• 2016

Objective:The objective of this study is to develop an ergonomic toilet system along with constituent facilities that can be used with the front-entry sitting method when transferring from wheelchair to the toilet stool, instead of using the back-entry sitting method which is currently used. This system can offer more ease, convenience and safety for wheelchair users when using the restroom. Background: For users with disabilities, even a dedicated handicapped toilet requires maneuvering, especially when in a wheelchair. To transfer from wheelchair to the current back-entry sitting toilet, users need to get closer to the toilet and then turn or twist after erecting their body to get onto the toilet. This method induces inconvenience as well as secondary injury by falling when transferring to/from toilet. Method: To design a front-entry sitting toilet system, an ergonomics approach was applied which introduces a new design concept for people using wheelchairs. Using this toilet system, the wheelchair users don't need to turn or twist but can simply slide forward off the wheelchair directly onto the toilet stool in an easier and safer way. Results: The newly developed front-entry sitting toilet system is easier and safer for wheelchair users, and also space efficient requiring only two-thirds of the space of existing handicapped toilet. It is also usable by both individuals with disabilities and the general population. Conclusion: With the spread of the front-entry sitting toilet system developed in this study, wheelchair users can benefit from enhanced convenience and safety as well as significant restroom space savings. Additional effects can also be achieved such as improved self-esteem of people with disabilities by enabling to use the toilet on their own. Application: The newly developed front-entry sitting toilet system should enhance toilet accessibility to wheelchair users and the elderly. Introduction is needed with efforts at the national policy level and a macroscopic objective to promote the health and safety of the handicapped.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to report the effect of oriental medical treatment including chuna manual therapy for the spondylolisthesis patient. Methods : We treated him by oriental medical treatment including acupuncture, herb therapy and chuna manual therapy. And the result was assessed by numerical rating scale(NRS), walking distance at once and radiological examination. Results : After treatment, NRS changed from 8 to 4, walking distance at once changed from 175m to 500m, percent of slip changed from 28.62% to 19.80% and slip angle changed from $20.0^{\circ}$ to $22.8^{\circ}$. Conclusions : In this study, oriental medical treatment including chuna therapy was effective in spondylolisthesis patient. But additional studies will be needed.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.180-189
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• 2003

The experiments were designated to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effect of low power laser stimulation on acupoint or non-acupoint using arthrogenic solution induced poly arthritis animal model. Evaluation of potential antinociceptive effect of low power laser on arthritis has employed measurements of the foot bending test, the development of either thermal or mechanical hyperalgesia following the arthritis induction. The analysis of thermal hyperalgesia includes Hargreaves's method. Randall-Sellitto test was utilized for evaluating mechanical hyperalgesia. In addition, the antinociceptive effect of low power laser stimulation on arthritis induced spinal Fos expression was analyzed using a computerized image analysis system. The results were summerized as follows: 1. In laser stimulation on acupoint treated animal, laser stimulation dramatically inhibited the development of pain in foot bending test as compared to those of non acupoint treated animal group and non treated animal group. 2. The threshold of thermal stimulation was significantly increased by low power laser stimulation on acupoint as compared to that of non treated control group. 3. Laser stimulation on acupoint dramatically attenuated the development of mechanical hyperalgesia as compared to that of non treated group. 4. Low power laser stimulation on acupoint significantly suppressed arthritis induced Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord at 3 week post arthritis induction. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that low power laser stimulation on acupoint has potent anti-nociceptive effect on arthritis. Additional supporting data for an antinociceptive effect of laser stimulation was obtained using Fos immunohistochemical analysis on spinal cord section. Those data indicated that laser stimulation induced antinociception was mediated by suppression of spinal neuron activity in pain sensation.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate how COP displacement of a hemiplegic foot in stance phase during gait is related to clinical balance measures and the recovery stage in hemiplegic stroke patients. Twenty-eight functionally ambulant hemiplegic patients who had suffered from strokes and thirty age-matched healthy subjects participated in this study. COP parameters were calculated. Clinical balance was measured using the Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). The recovery stage, proprioception, and clonus of the ankles or lower extremities were also measured for physical impairment status. The COPx max-displacement in the medial-lateral side of the stroke patients was significantly longer than that of the normal group (p=.038). The COPy max-displacement in the anterior-posterior side of the stroke patients was significantly shorter than that of normal group (p<.001). Significant differences in the COPx and COPy displacement asymmetry index were found between the two groups (p<.01). The FRT was correlated with the COPx displacement (r=.552) and COPy displacement (r=.765). The TUGT was correlated with the COPy displacement (r=-.588) only. The recovery stage of the lower extremities was correlated with COPy displacement (r=.438). The results of the study indicate that the characteristic of COP displacement in hemiplegic feet in stance phase during gait is related to balance ability and recovery in stroke patients. COP parameters acquired by the mapping of foot pressure in stance phase during gait will provide additional useful clinical information. This information can be used by clinicians to assess objectively the pathologic gait with other diseases and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on gait in stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.285-295
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of sacroiliac joint mobilization and lumbopelvic stabilizing exercises on the equilibrium ability. The subjects were consisted of ninety healthy adult two decade(43 females. 47 males; mean aged 22.1) from 20 to 29. All subjects randomly assigned to the control group, sacroiliac joint mobilization group, lumbopelvic stabilizing exercises group. Lumbopelvic stabilizing exercises group received lumbopelvic stabilizing exercises for 30 minutes, sacroiliac joint mobilization group received sacroiliac joint mobilization for 2-3 minutes per day and three times a week during 3 weeks period. Active balancer(SAKAI EAB-100) was used to measure equilibrium ability. All measurements of each subjects were measured at pre-experiment, after 10 days, and post-experiment. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The WPL of control group, sacroiliac joint mobilization group, lumbopelvic stabilizing exercises group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment(p>.05), but significantly reduced after 10 days and post-experiment(p<.05). The results of analyzed effects of WPL was significantly reduced between experiment type of control group, sacroiliac joint mobilization group, lumbopelvic stabilizing exercises group according to pre-experiment, after 10 days, and post-experiment(p<.05). 2. The RA of control group, sacroiliac joint mobilization group, lumbopelvic stabilizing exercises group was no significantly differences at pre-experiment(p>.05), but significantly reduced after 10 days, and post-experiment(p<.05). The results of analyzed effects of RA was significantly reduced between experiment type of control group, sacroiliac joint mobilization group, lumbopelvic stabilizing exercises group according to pre-experiment, after 10 days, and post-experiment(p<.05). Conclusionally these data suggest that a 3-week SI joint mobilization and lumbopelvic stabilizing exercises improved equilibrium. Additional randomized controlled trials to more fully investigate treatment effects and factors that may mediate these effects are needed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.191-204
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• 1999

Background: Nasal polyps are benign mass of nasal mucose, chronic sinusitis are swelling of nasal mucose, so nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis take a place at the same time. Nasal polyps are located lateral wall of nose, middle meatus, between middle nasal concha and inferior nasal concha. Objective: To demonstrate the effect of herbal medicine therapy in the chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps before and after treatment using computed tomography (CT). To compared before and after treatment of otitis media using earscope. Materials and methods: Five patients (4 mail and 1 femail) treated in our hospital between August 1998 and July 1999 were studied. Ages ranged from 9 to 23 years (mean age:13 years). All patients had a underlying family history, and past history(allergy or sinusitis of parents or brothers). Illness period was from 1 to 36 months (mean period:10.5 month). To ascertain the efficacy of treatment, CT were checked out. In the CT, three images were obtained 2cm interval on the coronal and axial plan. We classified treatment period into the type of allergic disease. Gamihyunggyeyungyo-tang was administered mainly. Gamigwaghyangjeungki-san, Gamizwakwi-eum and Gamihyangso-san were administered for through oral route additional symptoms. Results: Treatment period was from 126 to 157 days (mean period:140.7 days). To 3 patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyp, treatment period was 140.7 days, to 2 patients with otitis media and chronic sinusitis and nasal polyp, treatment period was 141.5 days. So they had no significance. Not nasal polyp from middle meatus, but also polypoid mucosal change of maxillary sinus is polyps Conclusion: We know that herbal medicine therapy is the effective treatment of pediatric chronic sinusitis and otitis media using earscope and CT. Herbal medicine therapy was effective in increasing immunity, inhibiting allergic reaction and inflammation of respiratory system. we practice ECP(eosinophil cataionic protein) and MAST examination, objectify herbal medicine therapy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of warm needling therapy in a patient with cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. Methods : A 53-year-old Korean male patient diagnosed with cervical myelopathy due to ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament was treated with warm needling therapy on posterior neck aside from the routine inpatient treatment from June 26th to July 16th. Clinical improvement was evaluated with visual analogue scale(VAS), Japanese orthopedic score(JOA), grip and release test, finger escape sign and patient satisfaction was measured using a five-point Likert scale. Results : After 21 days of treatment, the patient showed improvement in VAS, JOA, grip and release test and finger escape sign. The patient also expressed satisfaction with the treatment. Conclusions : The results suggest that warm needling therapy may be an effective additional treatment for cervical myelopathy and other symptoms related to ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL). Further studies should be carried out regarding possible long-lasting effects.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2011

After stroke, many people have problems with balance during movement. Balance is essential for the optimal functioning of the locomotor system and the performance of many activities of daily living. The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) is a clinical tool for evaluating balance ability during walking. The test consists of ten tasks, seven tasks of the Dynamic Gait Index and three additional tasks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and internal consistency of data obtained with the Korean version of the FGA when used with people after suffering a stroke. One-hundred participants, at least three months poststroke and able to walk at least six meters with or without a walking aid, participated in the study (age range=30~83 years; $mean{\pm}SD=58.8{\pm}10.9$). Two physical therapists and two physical therapy students rated the FGA. Intrarater and interrater reliability of the FGA were assessed using kappa statistic and intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1). The internal consistency of the FGA was assessed using the Cronbach alpha. The Cronbach alpha was good (${\alpha}$=.86~.93). The intrarater (intraclass correlation coefficient=.92~.95) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=.91, .95) of the total scores administered by the therapists and students were good, whereas the reliability for single item scores when administered by the physical therapists was moderate to good (kapa value=.42~.97). This study found that intrarater and interrater reliability for total FGA scores and internal consistency were good. Therefore, the Korean version of the FGA can be used as a reliable tool to assess the functional gait performance of patients after stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the The Influence of contract-relax exercise of PNF on Equilibrium Ability. Methods: The subjects were consisted of thirty patients (14 females and 16 males). They were from 20 to 42 years old and the mean age was 25.03. All subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: contract-relax exercise of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) group (n=15), control group (n=15). Contract-relax exercise group received contract-relax exercise for about 10 minutes along with therapeutic massage for about 15 minutes, 3 times per week during 4 weeks period. However, control group did not receive intervention during the same 4 weeks. The Balance performance monitor(BPM) was used to measure equilibrium ability. All measurements of each subjects were measured at pre-experiment, after 2 weeks, and post-experiment. Results: The results of this study were summarized below : 1. The sway area of contract-relax exercise group was significantly reduced according to within treatment period(p<.05), most significantly reduced between pre-test and post-test(p<.05). Contract-relax exercise group significantly more reduced than control group(p<.05). 2. The sway path length of contract-relax exercise group was significantly reduced according to within treatment period(p<.05), most significantly reduced between pre-test and post-test(p<.05). Contract-relax exercise group significantly more reduced than control group(p<.05). Conclusion : Contract-relax exercise applied with therapeutic massage can increased equilibrium ability. Additional randomized controlled trials to more fully investigate treatment effects and factors that may mediate these effects are needed.