• 식물병연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.220-233
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• 2023

The phenomena of global warming has led to an increase in the average air temperature in temperate climates. Springtime frost damage is becoming more common, and after a period of dormancy, damage to buds, blooms, and developing fruits is greater significant than damage from low winter temperatures. Peaches are a crucial crop among moderate fruits. Spring frost damage in peaches can have a negative effect on crop growth, yield, and quality. It is noteworthy that these plants have evolved defenses against spring frost damage while being exposed to a variety of low temperatures in the early spring. In this current review, recent research advancements on spring frost damage avoidance in peaches were deliberated. Additionally, adaptive mechanisms of peach, such as deacclimation and reacclimation, were emphasized. Moreover, the emerging advancements using various omics approaches revealed the peach physiology and molecular mechanisms comprehensively. Furthermore, the use of chemical products and understanding the spring frost mechanisms through the use of environmental chamber temperature stimulation and infrared thermography studies were also discussed. This review is essential groundwork and paves the way to derive and design future research for agronomists and horticulturalists to overcome the challenges of spring frost damage avoidance and crop management in these circumstances.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2006

IP 주소 검색 구조는 라우터 시스템에서 고속 네트워크 기술의 중요한 이슈가 되고 있으며 패킷 전달의 성능을 좌우하는 주요한 문제 요소로 지적되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 복수 해슁의 적응적인 적용과 프리픽스 그룹화를 이용하여 효율적인 고속 IP 주소 검색 구조를 제안한다. 여러 라우팅 데이터의 엔트리 분포를 분석하여 프리픽스를 그룹화하고 그룹별로 적용되는 해쉬함수의 개수를 적응적으로 적용하여 해슁에 의한 충돌(collision)을 줄일 수 있었으며 이를 통해 테이블의 수를 최적화하고 메모리 효율을 높일 수 있었다. 또한 제안하는 구조는 단 한 번의 메모리 접근만으로 포워딩 테이블의 구성 및 검색 과정을 수행할 수 있는 고속 구조이다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2014

Adaptive development of early stage embryo is well established and recently it is explored that the mammalian embryos also have adaptive ability to the stressful environment. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, to evaluate the possible role of aquaporin in early embryo developmental adaptation, the expression of aquaporin (AQP) 5 gene which is detected during early development were examined by the environmental condition. To compare expression patterns between in vivo and in vitro, we conducted quantitative RT-PCR and analyzed localization of the AQP5 by whole mount immunofluorescence. At in vivo condition, Aqp5 expressed in oocyte and in all the stages of preimplantation embryo. It showed peak at 2-cell stage and decreased continuously until morula stage. At in vitro condition, Aqp5 expression pattern was similar with in vivo embryos. It expressed both at embryonic genome activation phase and second mid-preimplantation gene activation phase, but the fold changes were modified between in vivo embryos and in vitro embryos. During in vivo development, AQP5 was mainly localized in apical membrane of blastomeres of 4-cell and 8-cell stage embryos, and then it was localized in cytoplasm. However, the main localization area of AQP5 was dramatically shifted after 8-cell stage from cytoplasm to nucleus by in vitro development. Those results explore the modification of Aqp5 expression levels and location of its final products by in vitro culture. It suggests that expression of Aqp5 and the roles of AQP5 in homeostasis can be modulated by in vitro culture, and that early stage embryos can develop successfully by themselves adapting to their condition through modulation of the specific gene expression and localization.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2020

Communication is a process involving a group of interrelated elements working together for the purpose of information transfer. This paper discusses information retrieval as a communication process in the 21st century library. The difficulties associated with access to recorded knowledge through bibliographic control devices have been exacerbated by the interposition of additional encoding processes in the library and further decoding by the users. In addition, the innovation of internet/web has revolutionized the means and mode of communication process in the library by flooding information seekers with information and creating an illusion of self-sufficiency in many users. With these changes in information seeking behaviour and pattern, a cybernetic approach to information retrieval has emerged emphasizing adaptive control mechanisms and feedback processes. This paper argues that libraries should strive to continuously remain relevant by keeping abreast with changes in the behavior of information users. To this end, this paper proposes apomediatic-cybernetic model of communication, which illustrates information retrieval processes for the 21st-century library.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2015

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for approximately 350 million chronic infections worldwide and is a leading cause of broad-spectrum liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although it has been well established that adaptive immunity plays a critical role in viral clearance, the pathogenetic mechanisms that cause liver damage during acute and chronic HBV infection remain largely known. This review describes our current knowledge of the immune-mediated pathogenesis of HBV infection and the role of immune cells in the liver injury during hepatitis B.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2005

Drosophila protects itself from infection by microbial organisms by means of its pivotal defense, the so-called innate immunity system. This is its sole defense as it lacks an adaptive immunity system such as is found in mammals. The strong conservation of innate immunity systems in organisms from Drosophila to mammals, and the ease with which Drosophila can be manipulated genetically, makes this fly a good model system for investigating the mechanisms of virulence of a number of medically important pathogens. Potentially damaging endogenous and/or exogenous challenges sensed by specific receptors initiate signals via the Toll and/or Imd signaling pathways. These in turn activate the transcription factors Dorsal, Dorsal-related immune factor (Dif) and Relish, culminating in transcription of genes involved in the production of antimicrobial peptides, melanization, phagocytosis, and the cytoskeletal rearrangement required for appropriate responses. Clarifying the regulatory interactions between the various pathways involved is very important for understanding the specificity and termination mechanism of the immune response.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1997

The kinetics of the interesterification of triolein and stearic acid catalyzed by immobilized Rhizopus delemar lipase were studied in a batch operation. In order to clarify the mechanisms of this reaction, three models are discussed under various conditions in terms of the ratio of triolein and stearic acid. The rate constants involved in the proposed model were determined by combining the numerical Gauss-elemination method, and the trial-and-error method so as to fit the calculated results with the experimental data. The accuracy of the obtained rate constants was confirmed after they were substituted for simultaneous differential equations and the equations simulated using an adaptive step-size Runge-Kutta method. Finally, the model which agrees with the calculated results and the experimental data was selected.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2011

Biological sensory systems continuously monitor and analyze changes in real-world environments that are relevant to an animal's specific behavioral needs and goals. Understanding the sensory mechanisms and information processing principles that biological systems utilize for efficient sensory data acquisition may provide useful guidance for the design of smart-sensing systems in engineering applications. Weakly electric fish, which use self-generated electrical energy to actively sense their environment, provide an excellent model system for studying biological principles of sensory data acquisition. The electrosensory system enables these fish to hunt and navigate at night without the use of visual cues. To achieve reliable, real-time task performance, the electrosensory system implements a number of smart sensing strategies, including efficient stimulus encoding, multi-scale virtual sensor arrays, task-dependent filtering and online subtraction of sensory expectation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권3_4호
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• pp.303-329
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• 2004

Magnetostrictive materials are routinely employed as actuator and sensor elements in a wide variety of noise and vibration control problems. In infrastructural applications, other technologies such as hydraulic actuation, piezoelectric materials and more recently, magnetorheological fluids, are being favored for actuation and sensing purposes. These technologies have reached a degree of technical maturity and in some cases, cost effectiveness, which justify their broad use in infrastructural applications. Advanced civil structures present new challenges in the areas of condition monitoring and repair, reliability, and high-authority actuation which motivate the need to explore new methods and materials recently developed in the areas of materials science and transducer design. This paper provides an overview of a class of materials that because of the large force, displacement, and energy conversion effciency that it can provide is being considered in a growing number of quasistatic and dynamic applications. Since magnetostriction involves a bidirectional energy exchange between magnetic and elastic states, magnetostrictive materials provide mechanisms both for actuation and sensing. This paper provides an overview of materials, methods and applications with the goal to inspire novel solutions based on magnetostrictive materials for the design and control of advanced infrastructural systems.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2014

Multiple level performance of seismically isolated elevated storage tank isolated with multi-phase friction pendulum bearing is investigated under totally 60 records developed for multiple level seismic hazard analysis (SLE, DBE and MCE). Mathematical formulations involving complex time history analysis have been proposed for analysis of typical storage tank by multi-phase friction pendulum bearing. Multi-phase friction pendulum bearing represent a new generation of adaptive friction isolation system to control super-structure demand in different hazard levels. This isolator incorporates four concave surfaces and three independent pendulum mechanisms. Pendulum stages can be set to address specific response criteria for moderate, severe and very severe events. The advantages of a Triple Pendulum Bearing for seismic isolation of elevated storage tanks are explored. To study seismic performance of isolated elevated storage tank with multi-phase friction pendulum, analytical simulations were performed with different friction coefficients, pendulum radii and slider displacement capacities.