• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to extract the major areas of interest in health insurance research in Korea, and infer policy agendas related to health insurance by analyzing research keywords. Methods: For this study, 2,590 articles were selected from among 7,459 academic papers related to health insurance published between January 1987 and December 2018, which were looked up using the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS). Keyword extraction and keyword network analysis were performed using the KrKwic, KrTitle, and UCINET software. Results: First, the number of studies in the area of health insurance continued to increase in all government terms, and it was not until after the 2000s that the subjects of health insurance researches were diversified. Second, degree centrality showed that 'medical expenditure' and 'medical utilization' were consistently high-ranking keywords regardless of the government in power. Aging and long-term care insurance-related keywords were ranked higher in the Lee Myung-bak government, Park Geun-hye government, and Moon Jae-in government. Third, betweenness centrality showed the same high ranking in key topics such as medical expenditure and medical utilization, while the ranking of key keywords differed depending on the interests and characteristics of each government policy. Conclusion: We confirm that health insurance as a research topic has been the main theme in Korean health care research fields. Research keywords extracted from articles also corresponded to the main health policies promoted during each government period. Efforts to systematically investigate policy megatrends are needed to plan adaptive future policies.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.21.1-21.14
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• 2020

Background: Physical exercise is known to cause significant joint changes. Thus, monitoring joint behavior of athletic horses is essential in early disorders recognition, allowing the proper management. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the morphological patterns, physical examination characteristics and ultrasound findings of show jumping horses in training and to establish a score-based examination model for physical and ultrasound follow-ups of metacarpophalangeal joint changes in these animals. Methods: A total of 52 metacarpophalangeal joints from 26 horses who were initially in the taming stage were evaluated, and the horses' athletic progression was monitored. The horses were evaluated by a physical examination and by B-mode and Doppler-mode ultrasound examinations, starting at time zero (T0), which occurred concomitantly with the beginning of training, and every 3 months thereafter for a follow-up period of 18 months. Results: The standardized examination model revealed an increase in the maximum joint flexion angles and higher scores on the physical and ultrasound examinations after scoring was performed by predefined assessment tools, especially between 3 and 6 months of evaluation, which was immediately after the horses started more intense training. The lameness score and the ultrasound examination score were slightly higher at the end of the study. Conclusions: The observed results were probably caused by the implementation of a training regimen and joint adaptation to physical conditioning. The joints most likely undergo a pre-osteoarthritic period due to work overload, which can manifest in a consistent or adaptive manner, as observed during this study. Thus, continuous monitoring of young athlete horses by physical and ultrasound examinations that can be scored is essential.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2023

Background: Ankle sprains occur frequently among humans who undertake various body movements. Diverse walking environments and dual tasks, that can affect ankle sprains, have been studied. However, there is a lack of research on inter-trial variability according to the changes in gait speed. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the adaptive ability of walking between the subjects with chronic ankle instability and healthy adults while performing a walking task with different walking speeds. Methods: In this study, 24 people in the chronic ankle instability group and 24 people in the healthy ankle group were selected as subjects. The length of the pre-measurement and the actual walking measurement were both set to 4.6 m. Once the subjects entered the measurement section, they changed their gait speed according to the randomly assigned speed change. Gait was measured twice and the average value was used for the analysis. Results: The coefficient of variation (CV) of cycle time in subjects with chronic ankle instability showed a significant difference in all cases except when the subjects changed their speed from preferred to slow and from slow to preferred. The CV of step length demonstrated a significant difference in all cases except for the change from slow to preferred and from preferred to fast. The cycle time and step length differential showed a significant difference only when the subjects changed the speed from slow to fast. Conclusion: The subjects with chronic ankle instability were found to have significantly reduced walking adaptability while performing inter-trial variability tasks with different gait speeds compared to healthy subjects.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.406-417
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Pathophysiological changes of right ventricle (RV) after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are coupled with a highly compliant low-pressure pulmonary artery (PA) system. This study aimed to determine whether pulmonary vascular function was associated with RV parameters and exercise capacity, and its impact on RV remodeling after pulmonary valve replacement. Methods: In a total of 48 patients over 18 years of age with repaired TOF, pulmonary arterial elastance (Ea), RV volume data, and RV-PA coupling ratio were calculated and analyzed in relation to exercise capacity. Results: Patients with a low Ea showed a more severe pulmonary regurgitation volume index, greater RV end-diastolic volume index, and greater effective RV stroke volume (p=0.039, p=0.013, and p=0.011, respectively). Patients with a high Ea had lower exercise capacity than those with a low Ea (peak oxygen consumption [peak VO₂] rate: 25.8±7.7 vs. 34.3±5.5 mL/kg/min, respectively, p=0.003), while peak VO₂ was inversely correlated with Ea and mean PA pressure (p=0.004 and p=0.004, respectively). In the univariate analysis, a higher preoperative RV end-diastolic volume index and RV end-systolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and higher RV-PA coupling ratio were risk factors for suboptimal outcomes. Preoperative RV volume and RV-PA coupling ratio reflecting the adaptive PA system response are important factors in optimal postoperative results. Conclusions: We found that PA vascular dysfunction, presenting as elevated Ea in TOF, may contribute to exercise intolerance. However, Ea was inversely correlated with pulmonary regurgitation (PR) severity, which may prevent PR, RV dilatation, and left ventricular dilatation in the absence of significant pulmonary stenosis.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.152-162
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• 2024

Background: Plant species of the alpine treeline ecotone are highly sensitive to climate change and may adjust their population dynamics, and functional traits in response to changing climate. This study examined regeneration patterns and leaf traits variations in an important treeline ecotone element Rhododendron campanulatum along the elevation gradient in western Nepal to assess its potential adaptive responses to climate change. The distribution range of R. campanulatum (3,400-3,800 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) was divided into five horizontal bands, each with a 100 m elevational range. Eight plots (10 m × 10 m) were sampled in each band, resulting into a total of 40 plots. In each plot, all R. campanulatum individuals and co-occurring tree species were counted. From each elevation, R. campanulatum leaf samples were collected to determine leaf dimensions, leaf density, specific leaf area (SLA), and stomatal density (SD). Results: The density-diameter curve indicated that R. campanulatum was regenerating well, with enhanced regeneration at higher elevation (3,800 m a.s.l.) than at lower. Tree canopy cover appeared to be the major determinant of R. campanulatum regeneration, as indicated by a higher number of seedlings in treeless stands. With increasing elevation, the leaf length, width, SLA, and stomata length decreased but leaf thickness and SD increased. Conclusions: Overall, a higher regeneration and lower SLA with the high SD in the leaves at the upper limit of the species distribution suggested that R. campanulatum is well adapted at its upper distribution range with the possibility of upslope range shift as temperature increases.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2014

본 실험은 육계 품종(Ross vs. Cobb) 및 사육 밀도(표준 밀도구, $0.046m^2$/수 vs. 고밀도구, $0.023m^2$/수)가 생산성, 장기무게, 혈액 corticosterone, 친염증 사이토카인과 항산화 효소의 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 전체 사육 기간 동안 품종에 따른 생산성 지표들은 차이가 없었으나, 사육 밀도에 따른 사양 성적은 두 품종 모두 고밀도 사육구(HD)에서 표준 밀도구(SD)에 비해 체중과 사료 섭취량이 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 간과 비장의 상대적 무게는 품종에 따른 유의적 차이가 나타났으나(P<0.05), 사육 밀도에 따른 차이는 없었다. 혈액 corticosterone 농도는 품종 및 사육 밀도에 따른 통계적 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 육계 품종 및 사육 밀도에 따른 친염증 사이토카인과 항산화 효소의 mRNA 발현 양상으로 간 조직에서 이들 사이토카인(IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-18 및 IFN-${\gamma}$) mRNA 발현은 품종과 사육 밀도에 따른 차이가 없었다. 한편, 항산화 유전자인 GPX mRNA 발현은 품종에 따라 현저한 반응의 차이를 보였으며(P<0.05), Ross 품종이 Cobb 품종보다 GPX mRNA 발현이 낮았다. 사육 밀도 요인에 따른 차이를 보면, SOD, GPX 및 CAT의 mRNA 발현이 모두 고밀도 사육구에서 현저히 증가되는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 비장조직에서 대부분의 친염증 사이토카인은 품종 및 사육 밀도에 따른 차이가 없었으나, IL-18 mRNA 발현은 고밀도 사육 시 Cobb 종에서 발현이 감소되었다(P<0.05). 항산화 효소 mRNA 발현은 품종 및 사육 밀도 요인에 따라 SOD와 CAT에서 유의적 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 이와 같은 결과로 보아 사양 성적은 육계 품종에 따른 요인에 영향을 받지 않았지만, 사육 밀도는 생산성을 감소시켰다. 친염증 사이토카인의 mRNA 발현은 품종 및 사육 밀도에 따른 차이는 적었으나, 항산화 효소는 품종, 사육 밀도 및 장기조직에 따른 발현의 차이가 나타나 체내 항상성 조절에 중요한 지표로서 지속적인 연구가 요구된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2020

Background: Use of appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia is integral in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Although it is recommended that empirical treatment regimens should be based on the local distribution of pathogens in patients with suspected hospital-acquired pneumonia, few studies observe patients admitted to ICUs with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP). We found factors associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via the emergency room (ER). Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 83 pneumonia patients with confirmed causative bacteria admitted to ICUs via ER March 2015-May 2017. We compared clinical parameters, between patients who received appropriate or inappropriate antibiotics using the Mann-Whitney U, Pearson's chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. We investigated independent factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic use in patients using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 83 patients, 30 patients (36.1%) received inappropriate antibiotics. NHAP patients were more frequently treated with inappropriate antibiotics than with appropriate antibiotics (47.2% vs. 96.7%, p<0.001). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was more frequently isolated from individuals in the inappropriate antibiotics-treated group than in the appropriate antibiotics-treated group (7.5% vs. 70.0%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, NHAP was independently associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via ER. Conclusion: NHAP is a risk factor associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via the ER.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.276-287
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• 2006

Background & Objective : The herbal medicine Sojukgunbihwan granule has been used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia, generally categorized as a gastric dysmotility disease. However, its mechanisms are not yet well known. Therefore, the effects of Sojukgunbihwan granules on gastric motility in rats was investigated. Methods : The myoelectrical activity of the gastric smooth muscle was recorded by a bipolar electrode placed at the gastric antrum of rats. The contractile waves were measured for 30 minutes before and after intragastric administration of each solution(normal saline, Pyungwisan 40mg/kg, Sojukgunbihwan granules 60mg/kg) and expressed as the motility index. Gastric emptying was measured by the number of glass beads expelled from the stomach(containing one hundred 1mm glass beads) within an hour after glass beads and test drugs(normal saline, Pyungwisan 40mg/kg, Pyungwisan 120mg/kg, Sojukgunbihwan granules 60mg/kg, Sojukgunbihwan granules 180mg/kg) were administered. In another series of experiments to evaluate the mechanisms of Sojukgunbihwan granules under delayed conditions, the rats were treated with atropine sulfate(1 mg/kg, s.c.), cisplatin(10mg/kg, i.p.), and NAME($N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 75mg/kg, s.c.) respectively. Results : Intragastric administration of Sojukgunbihwan granules increased the myoelectrical activity significantly, gastric motility index rose 25%, and gastric emptying of glass beads was significantly enhanced over a period of 60minutes. Under the delayed gastric emptying induced by atropine sulfate, cisplatin, and NAME, Sojukgunbihwan granules aggravated gastric emptying in the atropine sulfate($5.71{\pm}3.45\;vs\;3.71{\pm}4.42$) and cisplatin($13.86{\pm}3.53\;vs\;5.14{\pm}5.05$, p<0.01) treated groups, but enhanced gastric emptying in the NAME treated group($5.00{\pm}3.21\;vs\;11.71{\pm}5.65$, p<0.05). Conclusions : Results suggest that Sojukgunbihwan granules stimulate gastric motility through cholinergic and 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptors. Results are indicative of Sojukgunbihwan as an especially effective remedy in dysmotility-like functional dyspepsia with impaired reservoir functions such as gastric adaptive relaxation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2005

Background: We examined global gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with ulcerative colitis (DC), and tested whether the identified genes with the altered expression might be associated with susceptibility to UC. Methods: PBMCs from 8 UC and 8 normal healthy (NH) volunteers were collected, and total RNAs were subjected to the human 8.0K cDNA chip for the micro array analysis. Real time-PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to verify the results of micro array. One hundred forty UC patients and 300 NH controls were recruited for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Results: Twenty-five immune function-related genes with over 2-fold expression were identified. Of these genes, two chemokines, namely, CXCL1 and CCL20, were selected because of their potential importance in the evocation of host innate and adaptive immunity. Four SNPs were identified in the promoter and coding regions of CXCL1, while there was no significant difference between all patients with UC and controls in their polymorphisms, except minor association at g.57A>G (rs2071425, p=0.02). On the other hand, among three novel and one known SNPs identified in the promoter region of CCL20, g. -1,706 G>A (p=0.000000055), g. -1,458 G>A (p=0.0048), and g. -962C>A (p=0.0006) were found to be significantly associated with the susceptibility of Uc. Conclusion: Altered gene expression in mononuclear cells may contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Although the findings need to be confirmed in other populations with larger numbers of patients, the current results demonstrated that polymorphisms in the promoter region of CCL20 are positively associated with the development of Uc.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 진동센서를 기반으로 하는 탐지 시스템에서 불규칙적으로 변화는 잡음의 특성을 고려하여 허위경보(false alarm)를 감소하기 위한 적응형 탐지 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 커널 함수(Kerenl function)을 이용한 1차 검출과 탐지 확정 단계를 적용한 2차 검출로 구성된다. 1차 검출기의 커널 함수는 측정된 신호로부터 잡음의 확률적 모수를 이용하여 잡음 변화에 따라 Neyman-Pearson 결정법으로 문턱 값을 찾아 구한다. 그리고 2차 탐지기는 1차 탐지된 표본수를 이용하여 발걸음 신호의 점유시간을 계산한 후 4단계의 탐지 확정 단계로 구성된다. 본 논문에서 제안된 알고리즘을 검증하기 위해 측정된 걷기와 뛰기 진동 신호를 이용하여 발걸음 신호에 대한 탐지 실험을 수행 하였으며 고정 문턱 값을 이용한 탐지 결과와 비교 하였다. 제안된 1차 검출기의 목표물 탐지 결과 사람의 걷기와 뛰기에 대하여 10m 구간까지 95%의 높은 탐지 성능을 획득하였다. 또한, 허위경보 확률은 고정 문턱 값과 비교할 때 40%에서 20%로 감소하였으며 탐지 확정 단계를 적용한 결과 4%미만으로 크게 감소한 결과를 얻었다.