• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 1996

6-[(N-3,4-Dibromophenyl)amino]-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinedione(FCK13) was tested for antifungal activities. The MIC values were determined by the two-fold dilution method. The therapeutic potential of RCK13 had been assessed in comparison with ketoconazole and fluconazole against systemic infections with candida albicans in normal mice. RCK13 had ED50,0.80$\pm$0.21 mg/kg but ketoconazole had ED50, 8.00$\pm$0.73 mg/kg respectively. And administered RCK13 at the ED50 for 14 days improved survival rates as well as ketoconazole. Acute oral toxicity studies of RCK13 were carried out in ICR mice of both sexes. These acute oral toxicities of RCK13 were low and LD50 values were over 2,850 mg/kg in ICR mice. The genotoxicities of RCK13 had been evaluated. RCK13 was negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium and chromosomal aberration test in CHL cells. The clastogenicity was tested on the RCK13 with in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. RCK13 did not show any clastogenic effect in mouse peripheral blood and was negative in mouse micronucleus assay. These results indicate that RCK13 has no genotoxic potential under these experimental conditions.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1999

6-(4-Iodophenyl)amino-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinedione (RCK9) was evaluated for antifungal activities. The MIC values of RCK9 were determined against A. flavus, c. albicans, C. neoformans and F. oxysporium. The RCK9 showed generally potent antifungal activities against the tested fungi. Acute oral toxicity studies of RCK9 were carried out in ICR mice of both sexes. These acute oral toxicities of RCK9 had been evaluated. RCK9 were low and LD50 values were over 2,850 mg/kg in ICR mice. The genotoxicities of RCK9 had been evaluated. RCK9 was negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium and chromosomal aberration test in CHL cells. The clastogenicity was tested on the RCK9 with in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. RCK9 did not show any clastogenic effect in mouse peripheral blood and was negative in mouse micronucleus assay. The results indicate that RCK9 has no genotoxic potential under these experimental conditions.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1999년도 IFSCC . ASCS 학술대회 발표 논문
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• pp.145-154
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• 1999

A novel retinol derivative, polyethoxylated retinamide (Medimin A) was synthesized, as an anti-aging agent. Collagen synthesis, skin permeation, stability, and toxicity of Medimin A were evaluated and compared with those of retinol and retinyl palmitate. In vitro collagen synthesis was evaluated by quantitative assay of [$^3H$]-proline incorporation into collagenase sensitive protein in fibroblast cultures. For in vitro skin permeation experiments, Franz diffusion cells (effective diffusion area: $1, 766{\;}\textrm{cm}^2$) and the excised skin of female hairless mouse aged 8 weeks were used The stabilities of retlnoids were evaluated at two different temperature ($25{\;}^{\circ}C$ and $40{\;}^{\circ}C$) and under UV in solubilized state and in OW emulsion. To estimate the safety, acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, primary skin irritation, acute eye irritation and human patch test were performed The effect of Medimin A on collagen synthesis was similar to that of retinol. The skin permeability of Medimin A was higher than those of retinol and retinyl palmitate. The Medimin A was more stable than retinol and retinyl palmitate. Medimin A was nontoxic in various toxicological tests. These results suggest that Medimin A would be a good anti-aging agent for enhancing bioavailability and stability.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2004

We exposed juvenile puffer fish, Takifugu obscurus(30 days after hatching) to various aqueous pollutants including 4 kinds of inorganic metals (Ag, Cd, Cu and Hg), 2 organotin compound.; (tributyltin ［TBT］ and triphenyltin［TPhT］) and 5 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds (chrysene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) to estimate median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of each pollutant after the 96-hour acute exposure. Among the inorganic metals, Hg (52 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L; 96-h LC50) was most toxic to test animals and followed by Ag (164 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L), Cu (440 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) and Cd (1180 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L). Aqueous TBT was more toxic between the two organotins; the 96-h LC50 for TBT (5.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) was 3 times lower than that of TPhT (17.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L). The acute toxicity of PAH compounds was highest for chrysene (1.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L; 96-h LC50) and decreased in the order of pyrene (65 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) > fluoranthene (158 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) > phenanthrene (432 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) > naphthalene (8690 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L). The toxicity of PAH compounds wat closely related to their physico-chemical characteristics such as $K_{ow}$ and water solubility, and well explained by simple QSAR relationship. The sensitivity of puffer fish to various inorganic and organic pollutants was generally comparable to various fish species widely used as standard test species in previous studies and further evaluation should be conducted to develop adequate testing procedure for T. obscurus when used in various toxicity tests.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the application possibility of leaf and stem extract(LSE) from the mixture of leaf and stem of ginseng radix(Panax Ginseng CA Meyer). This study measured antifatigue effects by rota-rod test and swimming test. Also we examined the cell toxicity in normal liver and kidney cells, and acute toxicity in mice. Dropping times of LSE treated group decreased about 39-83% compared to the control group according to supplementation intake levels. Swimming time in LSE treated group increased compared to the control group at short and long supplementation. Negative effects were not found from the results of the cell toxicity. Also acute toxicity not shown. These results imply that the leaf and stem of ginseng radix could be used as possible food resources and functional food material and feed stuff.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.392-396
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• 2007

Aquatic ecotoxicity of bisphenol A, a well-known endocrine disrupter in mammals, was studied using laboratory-reared Daphnia magna as a test organism. The static acute 48 h $EC_{50}$ of bisphenol A for daphnid neonates(<24 hold) was 12.9 mg/l and 110 h $LC_{50}$ values of bisphenol A for daphnid embryos of different ages after deposition into the brood chamber increase with ages in the range of 1.55 mg/l-8.91 mg/l. Also, 48 h $EC_{50}s$ generally increase with daphnid's ages in the range of 12.9 mg/l-19.8 mg/l. In the acute toxicity tests using mature daphnids, the lethal response and immobility all showed good concentration-response relationship with exposure concentration and exposure time, showing little difference between lethality and immobility. These results clarify that acute toxicity tests, using daphnid and its embryo, could also be useful tools easily available for the assessment of ecotoxicity of various harmful chemicals.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 1988

담수산 어류인 송사리(Oryzias latipes)에 대한 6개 농약의 급성독성을 7일동안 시간의 경과에 따라 측정, toxicity curve를 작성하여 각 농약의 시간의 경과에 따른 급성독성 발현의 현상을 평가하고 48시간 및 96시간 LC50값과 lethal threshold 농도와의 관계를 분석하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 농약의 toxicity curve를 중심으로 시간의 경과에 따른 급성독성값의 변화를 보면 butachlor가 120시간째, fenobucarb가 48시간째, chlorothalonil이 48시간째 lethalthreshold 농도를 나타내어, 각각 120시간, 48시간만에 급성독성현상이 더이상 시간의 경과에 따라 발현되지 않으나, 나머지 3개의 농약인 alachlor, diazinon, iprobenfos는 노출 7일 이후에도 계속 급성독성현상을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이로써 6개의 농약에 대한 lethal threshold 농도는 butachlor 0.53 mg/l(0.49-0.57 mg/1), alfachlor 1.15 mg/1>, fenobucarb 10.3 mg/1(9.3-11.4 mg/1), diazinon 6.70mg/1>, chlorothalonil 0.085 mg/1(0.082-0.087 mg/1), iprobenfos 3.42 mg/1>이었다. 결국 노출시간 96시간이내에 독성현상이 발현되어 더이상 치사율이 증가하지 않은 농약은 6개중 2종류뿐이며 나머지 4개중 3개에서는 노출후 7일이 경과하여도 계속하여 독성이 발현됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.561-567
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• 2007

본 연구는 김치로부터 분리한 EPS생성 유산균 Leu. kimchii GJ2에 대한 급성독성시험을 위하여 복강 및 경구로 1회 시료물질을 최고 용량(복강: 2,500 mg/kg, 경구: 5,000 mg/kg)으로, 10마리 ICR계통 암수 마우스에게 투여한 후 14일간의 일반증상, 사망률, 체중, 임상증상 및 육안적 소견을 관찰하였다. 복강 및 경구투여한 후 24시간 이내에 일부 시료투여군에서 부분적으로 사망례가 관찰되었으나 나머지 시험동물은 계속 생존하여 평균치사량을 산출할 수 없었다. 복강 혹은 경구투여한 후 마우스의 체중변화에 있어서도 암수 모두 대조군과 시료물질 투여군 사이에 유의성 있는 차이는 보이지 않았으며, 생존동물의 부검결과에서도 내부장기의 육안적 이상 소견도 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 시험물질인 Leu. kimchii GJ2는 복강 및 경구투여 시 마우스에서 독성학적인 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며, $LD_{50}$은 복강투여가 2,500 mg/kg, 경구투여가 5,000 mg/kg 이상인 저독성의 안전한 물질로 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2012

본 연구는 김치에서 분리한 항진균 및 항세균 활성을 나타내는 $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1을 분리하여 이 균의 천연 식품보존제 및 사료보존제로서 사용 적합성 및 안전성을 평가하고자 단회 급성독성시험을 실시하였다. 급성독성시험을 위하여 경구 혹은 복강으로 1회 시험물질을 최고 용량(경구: 5,000 mg/kg, 복강: 2,500 mg/kg)으로 하여 ICR계통 암 수 마우스에게 용량별 각 군당 10마리씩 투여한 후 14일간의 일반증상, 사망률, 체중, 임상증상 및 육안적 소견을 관찰하였다. 단회 경구투여 혹은 복강주사한 후 모든 시험군에서 사망례가 관찰되지 않았으며, 시험동물은 시험 종료 시까지 계속 생존하여 평균치사량을 산출할 수 없었다. 복강 혹은 경구투여한 후 마우스의 체중변화에 있어서도 암 수 모두 대조군과 시료물질 투여군 사이에 유의성 있는 차이는 보이지 않았으며, 용량 의존적인 차이도 볼 수 없었다. 경구구투여 혹은 복강주사 단회 투여한 후 시험 종료한 다음 생존동물 모두를 부검하여 주요 장기의 육안적 소견을 관찰한 결과 대조군과 시료투여군 모두에서 외관상이나 내부장기에 어떠한 이상소견이나 병변이 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 시험물질인 $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1는 경구투여 혹은 복강주사 시 ICR계통 암 수 마우스에서 독성학적인 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며, $LD_{50}$은 복강주사가 2,500 mg/kg, 경구투여가 5,000 mg/kg 이상인 저독성의 안전한 물질로 사료된다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2012

본 연구의 목표는 전자빔 공정을 적용하여 Triclosan의 제거효율 및 독성평가를 하는 것이다. 이 실험에서는 전자빔 선량과 Triclosan의 초기 농도에 따른 저감 효율 및 스캐벤저 가스에 따른 무기화의 정도를 알아보았다. 또한 녹조류 중 하나인 Pseudokirohneriella Subcapitata를 이용하여 생물독성과 위해성 평가를 통한 독성저감기술을 시험하였다. 그 결과 Triclosan은 전자빔 조사량이 증가할수록 분해 효율이 향상되었고, 라디칼 스캐벤저 가스에 의한 TOC 제거는 $N_2O$나 $O_2$를 용해시켰을 때 효율이 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 4일(96hrs) 후 독성평가 결과 전자빔 조사 강도의 증가에 따라 독성 영향이 저감되는 것을 알 수 있었다.