• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2009

1. Objectives: The aim of this study is data analysis for acute toxicity and safety of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang. 2. Methods: We investigated the acute toxicity for water-extracted Yangkyuksanhwa-tang. 25 male and 25 female mice were observed for 14 days after one day oral administration of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang at the respective doses of 0(control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg. 3. Results: We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. 4. Conclusions: The data confirmed that Yangkyuksanhwa-tang is free from the toxicity and safety problems in oral route respectively. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups(2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg). In conclusion, LD50 of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang was over 5000 mg/kg and it is very safe to mice.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.511-522
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• 2015

This study investigates the acute and repeated-dose oral toxicity of crude antifungal compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum AF1 (Lb. plantarum AF1) and Lactobacillus plantarum HD1 (Lb. plantarum HD1) in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. In the acute toxicity study, crude antifungal compounds (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg) did not reduce mortality or produce significant changes in general behaviors or the gross appearance of external and internal organs. In the repeated-dose toxicity study, crude antifungal compounds were administered orally to rats at doses of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg daily for 28 days. There were no test-article-related deaths, abnormal clinical signs, or body weight changes. In addition, there were no significant differences between groups treated with crude antifungal compounds and the control group in their organ weight, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, or any other factors. These results suggest that the acute or repeated-dose oral administration of crude antifungal compounds produced by Lb. plantarum AF1 plus Lb. plantarum HD1 is not toxic in male and female rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.423-433
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• 1997

The acute and subacute toxicity of water soluble dimethyl dimethoxy biphenylate derivative (new DDB), hepatitis therapeutics, were investigated in SD rats. In the acute toxicity study, body weights and clinical signs were observed for 7 days after the intravenous injection of new DDB at doses of 140, 182, 236, 307 and 400 mg/kg(r=1.3). Death. Severe convulsion, tremor and decrease motor activity were observed in almost treated groups (except the 140 mg/kg treated group). Changes of body weight in treated groups were not significantly different from control group. Autopsy of survived animals revealed no abnormal gross findings related to new DDB. As a results, the $LD_{50}$ values of new DDB were 244.1 mg/kg for male and 232.5 mg/kg for female. In subacute toxicity study, body weights and clinical signs were observed after intravenous injection of new DDB at doses of 57, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Death, decrease motor activity and tremor were observed above 75 mg/kg treated groups. Statistically significant changes were observed in hematological and biochemical parameters of new DDB-treated groups; however, these changes were within normal range and had no relationship with dosage. Several abnormal findings were observed in microscopic examination of tissue; however, these findings were not caused by new DDB but environmental factor. The no toxic dose level of new DDB were estimated to be 57 mg/kg/day in this study.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2009

1. Objectives This study was designed to andyze the acute toxicity and safety of Yeoldahanso-tang 2. Methods We investigated the acute toxicity for water-extracted Yeoldahanso-tang. 25 male and 25 female mice were observed for 14 days after one day oral administration of Yeoldahanso-tang at the respective doses of 0(control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg. 3. Results We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. 4. Conclusions The data confirmed that Yeoldahanso-tang is free from the toxicity and safety problems in oral route respectively. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups(2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg). In conclusion, LD50 of Yeoldahanso-tang was over 5000 mg/kg and it is very safe to mice.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.112-112
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• 2002

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.809-814
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• 1995

The acute and subacute toxicity of fumomsin $B_1$ was evaluted in fingerlings of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Dipping of fish for acute toxicity was performed for a period of 48 hours, and the $TLm_{48h}$ value(median tolerance limit) was more than 1000 ppm in common carp. Severe damages were observed in various organs and among them, clubbing of gill lamella, lytic degeneration and vacuolation of liver cells, and epithelial edema of renal tubules were relatively prominent. The most significant changes were hyperbasophilic foci of liver cells in subacute toxicity test and these can imply the possibility of hepatocarcinogenecity of fumonisin $B_1$.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.369-374
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• 1994

The acute and subacute toxicity of fungicide folpet was evaluated in fingerings of common carp, Cyprinus carpio and goldfish, Carrassius auratus. Dipping of fishes for acute toxicity was performed for a period of 24h, and the TLm value(median tolerance limit) was 1.52 ppm in common carp and 1.45 ppm in goldfish. Severe damages were observed in various organs and among them, clubbing of gill lamella, lytic degeneration and vacuolation of liver cells, and epithelial edema of renal tubules were relatively prominent. The most significant changes were hyperbasophilic foci of liver cells in subacute toxicity test and these can imply the possibility of hepatocarcinogenecity of folpet.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular manifestations and clinical course in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over a 36 month period on consecutive patients who visited an emergency medical center and were diagnosed with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. A standardized data extraction protocol was performed on the selected patients. Results: A total of 293 patients were selected during the study period. Cardiac manifestations were observed in 35.2% (n=103) of the patients: hypotension in 11 patients (3.8%), ECG abnormalities in 44 patients (15.0%) and cardiac enzyme abnormalities in 103 patients (35.2%). Echo cardiography was performed on 56 patients with cardiac toxicity: 12 patients had abnormal results (5 patients with global hypokinesia and 7 patients with regional wall akinesia). Five patients died within 3 hours after ED admission, and the remaining patients were discharged alive. At 3 months after discharge, none of these patients had died.The SOFA scores in the severe cardiac toxicity group and non-severe cardiac toxicity group at the time of arrival were $2.53{\pm}2.29$ and $2.19{\pm}2.12$, respectively (p=0.860). Conclusion: Cardiovascular manifestations occur after acute CO poisoning at arateof 35.2%. Even those with severe cardiovascular toxicity recovered well within 10 days after admission. Therefore, the importance of cardiac toxicity after acute CO poisoning is not significant in itself in the clinical course, and the short-term prognosis of cardiac toxicity is unlikely to be unfavorable in acute CO poisoning.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2018

The RNA interference (RNAi) has been considered as an important genetic tool and applied to develop a new living modified (LM) crop trait which is an improvement of nutrient quality or pest management. The RNAi of DvSnf7 has been used for resistance to LM maize and the Western Corn Rootworm which is a major agricultural pest for the US Corn Belt. Most of the environmental risk assessments (ERA) of double strand RNA (dsRNA) have been performed using in vitro transcript products, and not in vivo expressed product. A large amount of dsRNA was required for the acute toxicity assay of water fleas. Therefore development of massive dsRNA purification techniques is critical. Daphnia, a freshwater microcrustacean, is a model organism for studying cellular and molecular mechanism involved in life history traits and ecotoxicology. In this study, we established the massive dsRNA purification method using Escherichia coli and implemented acute toxicity assays to Daphnia magna. As a result, the present RNase A and DNase I, dsRNA was efficiently purified without any special techniques or equipment. Even though purified dsRNA existed during the acute toxicity test, lethality or abnormal behavior were not observed in D. magna. These results indicated that GFP and DvSnf7 dsRNA were not significantly affected to D. magna due to their lack of sequence matching in its genome. The purification method of dsRNA and the acute toxicity assay of water fleas using purified dsRNA would be suitable for the toxicological studies of LMOs to aquatic non-target organisms.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2008

우리나라 하천수 중 검출빈도가 높게 검출되고 있는 제초제 molinate의 담수 무척추동물에 대한 영향을 평가하고자 물벼룩에 대한 급 만성독성시험 및 다세대노출시험을 수행하였다. Molinate는 담수 무척추동물인 물벼룩 Daphnia magna 와 Moina macrocopa,에 대한 $EC_{50}$(48시간)이 각각 11.4와 8.3 mg/L, 번식독성 무영향농도(NOEC)가 2.5와 2.0 mg/L로서 종간 감수성에 있어 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며 M. macrocopa에 대한 3세대노출시험의 NOEC은 0.16 mg/L이었다. 하천에서 molinate에 의한 물벼룩에 대한 위해 가능성은 낮은 것으로 판단된다.