• Animal cells and systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.161-164
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• 2007

Oxidative stress is prerequisite for the development of atherosclerosis. Apart from the traditional risk factors that contribute to this devastating condition, in the past few decades, much attention has been focused on plasma total homocysteine mainly because of its strong association with coronary artery disease. It has been suggested that homocysteine induces oxidative stress and hence the present work was undertaken to assess the total homocysteine status and plasma total antioxidant capacity in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients among Tamil population. The study subjects included only the Tamil population. Blood samples were collected from 100 AMI patients and 100 controls. Plasma was separated and the total antioxidant status was assessed as a measure of ferric reducing power of antioxidants using spectrophotometric method. Plasma total homocysteine concentrations were assessed by automated chemiluminescence method. While Total antioxidant status was significantly decreased, the plasma homocysteine concentrations were elevated in AMI patients compared to the controls. However, there was no correlation between the homocysteine levels and total antioxidant status. The findings of this study may have therapeutic implications, including food sources rich in antioxidants for all AMI patients to minimize the effect of free radicals formed during oxidative stress among Tamil population.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2009

In this article, we review the efficacy of early interventions after traumatic incidents and during acute stress disorder (ASD). There are some evidences that psychopharmacological medications such as propronolol, morphine, and hydrocortisone are effective in the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Considering the role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in hippocampal neurogenesis and an animal model of PTSD, early administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is also fairly promising. Other pharmacological treatments including benzodiazepines did not treat ASD nor prevent PTSD. There are good evidences that cognitive behavioral therapy including cognitive therapy and prolonged exposure is a valuable intervention for ASD and the most effective prevention for PTSD. No contolled researches on eye movement desensitization&reprocessing, psychodynamic psychotherapy and hypnotherapy have performed. Recent randomized controlled studies using psychological debriefing did not prove as a useful intervention for the prevention of PTSD until now, although the efficacy of debriefing has been at the centre of controversy.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.733-739
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• 2020

Olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (total weight 216.4±14.6 g, total length 28.4±1.7 cm) were exposed to different pH levels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) for 96 h. At pH 4, hemoglobin decreased significantly, while plasma calcium, glucose, cholesterol, and ALP increased significantly. Exposure to pH 4 also induced stress responses, as evidenced by a significant decrease in heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) and a significant increase in cortisol. The results of this study indicate that acute exposure to acidic or alkaline pH (pH 3 or 9) induced significant mortality, while exposure to pH 4significantly affected hematological parameters and stress responses in P. olivaceus.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2018

Objectives : The current study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of youngyanggak-san (YGS) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury in rats. Methods : YGS is composed of Glycyrrhizae Radix, Asiasari Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Saigae Tataricae Cornu. While N-YGS (non-youngyanggak-san) doesn't include Saigae Tataricae Cornu. Two samples were administrated TAA together for 3 days. Thirty-six rats were divided into four groups. Rats except for the normal group were received TAA (200 mg/kg of body weight, I.P) were divided into three groups (n=9/group) : Group 1 (TAA only), Group 2 (TAA + 200 mg/kg YGS) and Group 3 (TAA + 200 mg/kg N-YGS). Acute liver damage confirmed using histological examination, The factors associated with oxidative stress and liver function activity measured in serum. Also, expressions of inflammation related proteins were investigated by western blot analysis. Results : Oxidative stress factors such as ROS and $ONOO^-$ in the Group 2 was manifested by a significant rise compared with Group 1. YGS markedly decreased the elevated ROS and $ONOO^-$. Furthermore, YGS significantly reduced the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) The nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) activation induced by TAA led to increase both inflammatory mediators and cytokines. While YGS administration remarkably suppressed such the overexpression. In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in YGS treatment. Conclusion : YGS provided a hepatoprotective effect on acute liver damage through the suppression of oxidative stress. Especially, this effect enhanced markedly when Saigae Tataricae Cornu is included.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2020

Heat stress negatively affects cattle productivity by reducing feed intake. In the present study, we assessed if the rumen microbiome composition of Hanwoo steers was altered by exposure to heat stress. Rumen samples were collected from four Hanwoo steers that were individually housed in climate-controlled chambers with 60% humidity and environmental temperatures of: 1) 15℃ (0-day group), 2) 35℃ for 3 days (3-day group), and 3) 35℃ for 6 days (6-day group). The total community DNA of samples was extracted, and 997,843 bacterial and 1,508,770 archaeal sequences were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Assessment of the relative abundances revealed 15 major phyla of which Bacteroidetes was found to be the most dominant. After 3 days of heat stress exposure there were no significant changes in the rumen microbiome composition, except for a decrease in the Planctomycetes. However, after 6 days of heat stress exposure, we found that the relative abundance of fibrolytic Ruminococcaceae had decreased while that of lactate-producing Lactobacillaceae and amylolytic Prevotella and Ruminobacter had increased. The normal rumen microbiome of Hanwoo cattle was shown to be disrupted after 6 days of heat stress, which led to the decrease in fibrolytic bacteria that are sensitive to low pH and the increase in both lactate-producing and amylolytic bacteria. We have demonstrated that the microbiome composition of the rumen is affected by acute heat stress. Our findings may contribute to the development of different feeding strategies to restore heat stress-induced disruption of the rumen microbiome.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.2 no.2 s.3
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• pp.107-113
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• 2002

Hyperventilation is defined as ventilation in excess of that required to maintain normal blood $PaO_2$ and $PaCO_2$. It is produced by several distinct causes: anxiety, respiratory alkalosis, increased blood catecholamine levels, and a decrease in the level of the ionized calcium in the blood. The dental fears about acute pain, needle, drill and dental surgery lead to the severe anxiety and increased blood catecholamine level. Therefore, the most dental patient should be cared gently as the stress reduction protocol. In spite of the gentle care, two cases of hyperventilation were occurred during local anesthesia for incision and drainage of acute odontogenic infectious lesions. We suggest that the dental patients with acute odontogenic infection must be attention for the manifestation of hyperventilation, especially in the medically compromised conditions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 1990

The acute and subacute toxicities and pharmacological actions of two preparations of Ssanghwa Tang prescriptions have been evaluated in mice, rats and rabbits. The two prescriptions were found to be safe drugs because those preparations exhibited almost no acute and subacute toxicities even at a high dosage level. The two prescriptions elicited CNS depressant activities characterized by potentiation of hexobarbital-induced narcosis, antipyretic activity in typhoid-vaccinated rabbits and a significant antifatigue effect against cold immobilized stress, the activities of prescription B being more potent.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.278-287
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• 2011

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the nephroprotective effects of Sojongchobisunki-tang (SCST), which has traditionally been used as Korean medicine for treating various renal diseases, on cisplatin-induced rat acute renal failure. Methods : Three different dosages of SCST were orally administered once a day for 23 days before cisplatin treatment (5 mg/kg, single intraperitoneally administered) and 5 days after cisplatin treatment (once a day for 28 days). 6 groups, of 8 rats per group were used in the present study after 7 days of acclimatization. Changes of the body weight, kidney weight, serum BUN and creatinine levels were observed, as well as changes of the kidney MDA and GSH contents. The results were compared with captopril 100 mg/kg of which the effects on cisplatin-induced acute renal failures are already confirmed. Results : Acute renal failure induced by cisplatin were induced by oxidative stress and related lipid peroxidation in the present study. However, these acute renal failures and inhibition of antioxidant effects induced by cisplatin were dose-dependently reduced by treatment at all three different dosages of SCST extracts. Conclusions : This study suggests that SCST extracts showed favorable effects on the cisplatin-induced rat ARF.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.130-144
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• 2007

UV-irradiated skin shows acutely erythema, edema, pigmantation (sunbum) and chronically coarse wrinkling, roughness, dryness, laxity (photoaging). Jawoongo(紫雲膏, JW) is clinically useful external application and effective bum, sunburn, wound and symptom of dryness(燥症) in skin disease. In this experiment, we examined if JW could cure the UVB-mediated acute skin damages, inhibit UVB-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation of skin, and block the photoaging. In vivo test, we found that JW could effectively cure the UVB-mediated acute skin damages(erythema, edema, angiogenesis, hyperplasia, infiltration of lymphocytes) and inhibit expression of HSP70, CYP1A1 and p53. We also found that JW could repair destruction of collagen fiber and inhibit activation of MMP-9, and inhibit expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS, hyperplasia of keratynocyte. In vitro test, we found that JW could inhibit expression of IKK, iNOS mRNA, and production of NO. These findings shows that JW could cure the UVB-mediated acute skin damages, inhibit UVB-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation of skin, and block photoaging.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1352-1358
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• 2012

In acute lung injury (ALI) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the underlying cause of infiltration and migration of neutrophils into the alveoli is considered to be from increased production of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the pulmonary surfactant lining the alveolar lumen. In this study I partially confirmed this concept. LPS increased lung leak and the infiltration of neutrophils in the lung of rats given LPS intratracheally. The migration of neutrophils into the lung, which had caused oxidative stress, was also morphologically identified. I verified that the metabolism of the pulmonary surfactant was affected and that there was increased production of PAF in the pulmonary surfactant, both of which are considered to contribute to ALI by LPS in rats.