• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1897-1900
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• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate acute toxicity in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)/volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with or without cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 newly diagnosed, histologically proven non-metastatic NPC patients treated with IMRT between May 2010 and December 2012, were evaluated retrospectively, 37 planned with Eclipse and 8 with Prowess Panther treatment planning system. The doses to the planning target volumes of primary tumor and involved lymph nodes, high risk region, and uninvolved regional nodal areas were 70 Gy, 60 Gy, and 54 Gy respectively and delivered simultaneously over 33 fractions to 39 patients. Another 6 patients irradiated with sequential boost technique. Some 84.4% of patients received chemotherapy. Acute toxicities were graded according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring criteria and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) for chemotherapy side effects. Results: Median age was 43 years (14-79) and all patients were WHO type II. Grade 1 mucositis and dysphagia were observed in 17 (37.8%), and 10 (22.2%) patients, respectively. The incidence of acute grade 2 mucositis and dysphagia was 55.6% and 68.9%, respectively. The most common chemoradiotherapy related acute toxicities were nausea, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 toxicity was detected in 13 (28.8%) cases. No grade 4 toxicity was occurred. Mean weight loss was 9%. None of the patients required the insertion of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for nutritional support. Radiation therapy was completed without interruption in all patients. Conclusions: IMRT is a safe and effective treatment modality, and well tolerated by patients in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. No unexpected side effects were observed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2004

저자들은 실리콘 액을 이용한 질 성형술 후에 급성호흡 곤란 증후군을 보인 환자에서 경기관지 폐생검으로 실리콘에 의한 것으로 생각되는 폐포 대식세포내의 봉입체를 확인하고 대증적인 치료로 호전된 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.311-323
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• 2023

Immunosuppressants are vital in organ transplantation including facial transplantation (FT) but are associated with persistent side effects. This review article was prepared to compare the two most used immunosuppressants, cyclosporine and tacrolimus, in terms of mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety and to assess recent trials to mitigate their side effects. PubMed and Google Scholar queries were conducted using combinations of the following search terms: "transplantation immunosuppressant," "cyclosporine," "tacrolimus," "calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)," "efficacy," "safety," "induction therapy," "maintenance therapy," and "conversion therapy." Both immunosuppressants inhibit calcineurin and effectively down-regulate cytokines. Tacrolimus may be more advantageous since it lowers the likelihood of acute rejection, has the ability to reverse allograft rejection following cyclosporine treatment, and has the potential to reinnervate nerves. Meanwhile, graft survival rates seem to be comparable for the CNIs. To avoid nephrotoxicity, various immunosuppressants other than CNIs have been studied. Despite averting nephrotoxicity, these medications show increases in acute rejection or other types of adverse effects compared to CNIs. FT has been a topic of interest for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and the postoperative usage of immunosuppressants is crucial for the long-term prognosis of FT. As contemporary transplantation regimens incorporate novel medications along with CNIs, further research is required.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2012

It has been shown that QGC isolated and purified from Rumecis folium found protective effects of gastritis and esophagitis which EXT is an ethanol extract of it. We examined acute toxicity and the general pharmacological action of QGC EXT to search for any side effects of it in rats, mice, guinea pigs, and cats. In a single dose toxicity study, QGC EXT didn't show toxicological effects in rats and mice, and the $LD_{50}$ was over 5 g/kg in both animals, and there were also no changes in weight, feed and water intake during these toxicological experimental periods. We examined the general pharmacological action on central controlled behavior responses, and peripheral organs including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration and gastrointestinal system, We found that there were no significant changes in body temperature, locomotors activity, stereotyped behaviors, sleeping time, and convulsion. In other studies, writhing reaction, normal body temperature, there did not appear to be any changes. The large intestine movement and electrical field stimulation-induced contraction was not changes by its EXT. In addition, the influences on blood pressure, heart rates, and respiration by QGC EXT were not found. These results indicate that QGC EXT may be very safe as a new drug, since its $LD_{50}$ was very high over 5 g/kg and any side effects were not found.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2020

A butterfly web girder is a box-shaped girder with discretely distributed side openings along the spanwise direction. Until now, there have been few studies related to the aerodynamic performance of the butterfly web bridge. The objective of the current study was to clarify the effects of the side openings on the aerodynamic performance of the girder. Two butterfly web girders with side ratios B/D = 3.24 and 5, where B is the girder width and D is the depth, were examined through a series of wind tunnel tests. A comparison of the results for butterfly web girders and conventional box girders of the same shape confirmed that the side openings stabilized the vortex-induced vibration and galloping when B/D = 3.24, whereas the vortex-induced vibration and torsional flutter were stabilized when B/D = 5. The change in the flow field due to the side openings contributed to the stabilization against the vibration. These findings not only confirmed the good aerodynamic performance of the butterfly web bridge but also provided a new method to stabilize the box girder against aerodynamic instabilities via discretely distributed side openings.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1991

The author studied the changes of subjective, objective symptoms and muscle activities with EM2 (myo-tronics Co., Seattle, USA) before and after MRA therapy. The 11 patients were treated with MRA and active range of motion, pain and mouth opening limitation were checked at each visit for 6-8 weeks. Electromyographic activities were measured in both anterior lobe of temporalis and middle fibers of masseter at the position in rest, clenching and mastication. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There were significant decrease in pain and mouth opening limitation and significant increase in active range of motion after MRA therapy. 2. The muscle activities tended to decrease in general, especially in the temporal and masseter muscles on clenching and in the masseter on mastication after MRA therapy. 3. There were no significant differences in muscle activities between affected and unaffected side, but there was significant differences in temporal muscle on clenching side after therapy. 4. There were no significant differences in active range of motion, pain and mouth opening limitation between acute and chronic groups. 5. There was more significant decrease in muscle activities of the affected side in acute group than those in chronic group.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2023

Vitamin D participates in the biological function of the innate and adaptive immune system and inflammation. We aim to specify the effectiveness of the vitamin D supplementation on the side effects BioNTech, Pfizer vaccination, and immunoglobulin G response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in subjects tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this multi-center randomized clinical trial, 498 people tested positive for COVID-19 were divided into 2 groups, receiving vitamin D capsules or a placebo (1 capsule daily, each containing 600 IU of vitamin D) over 14-16 weeks. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the second dose of vaccination. Fourteen to 16 weeks after supplementation, the intervention group had an immunoglobulin G (IgG) increase of 10.89 ± 1.2 g/L, while the control group had 8.89 ± 1.3 g/L, and the difference was significant between both groups (p = 0.001). After the second dose of vaccination, the supplement group significantly increased their 25-hydroxy vitamin D from initially 28.73 ± 15.6 ng/mL and increased to 46.48 ± 27.2 ng/mL, and the difference between them was significant. Those with a higher body mass index (BMI) had the most of symptoms, and the difference of side effects according to BMI level was significantly different. In 8 weeks after supplementation obese participants had the lowest IgG levels than overweight or normal subjects. The proportion of all types of side effects on the second dose was significantly diminished compared with the first dose in the intervention group. Supplementation of 600 IU of vitamin D3 can reduce post-vaccination side effects and increase IgG levels in participants who received BioNTech, Pfizer vaccine.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2013

Objectives : Aripiprazole is unique drug among the SGA (Second generation antipsychotics) in its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics,but is similar in clinical efficacy. Aripiprazole acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors, activating the receptor but eliciting a reduced response compared to the natural neurotransmitter. There are some side effects of aripiprazole, the most common side effects of aripiprazole are headache, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, tremor, constipation and EPS. Difficulty in opening eyes is not defined EPS yet, but it is a rare but important side-effect symptom of aripiprazole. Methods : This article is about a case of side-effect symptom of aripiprazole, 26-year-old single female suffering from schizophrenia had difficulty in opening eyes while she was taking antipsychotics. During the hospitalization, the relaxation therapy is helpful not only to reduce tension in the eyelids but also to headache. Results : It is important that early recognition of aripiprazole-induced oculogyric dystonia can prevent life-threatening complications. Education medical staff to this easily treatable reaction will improve overall quality of health care. Conclusions : This case notifies the need for awareness of the risk of acute oculogyric dystonia in adolescent female patients receiving aripiprazole.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.473-484
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• 1997

This study was performed to survey the specific information about the time of onset, frequency, duration, and severity of the side effect of radiation therapy following breast cancer surgery, and identify the difference of these data according to the type of breast cancer surgery : modified radical mastectomy(MRM) vs. breast consevative operation(BCO). 38 breast cancer patients were interviewed with side effect profile about radiation therapy. Interview was done weekley from the start of radiation therapy through 6 weeks and 3 month follow-up interview was done at 3 month after completion of the treatment. The results are as follow : 1. Total score of side effect experienced by the breast cancer patients was rapidly increased at 2-3 week after intiating treatement and continousely raised maintaing high score until completion of the treatement. Some problems like cough, dyspnea and pain were more experienced after treatment. 2. Patients with modified radical mastectomy showed more total score of side effects than patients with breast conservative operation. And both patients with MRM and BCO experienced similar pattern of side effect to radiation therapy. Through these data we concluded that side effect to radiation therapy was not ended at completion of treatement. Patents will continously experiend various problems and suffer from not only acute side effects like skin problem, sore throat and swollowing difficulty but also late effect of the radiation therapy. Clinically these data can be used for oncologic nurse to provide informational interventions to prepare breast cancer patients for the radiation therapy.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2008

A 47-year-old woman ingested about 12 mg of colchicine with suicidal intent. Colchicine, a highly poisonous alkaloid, is a commonly used treatment for gout, Bechet's disease, and familial Mediterranean fever. Despite the knowledge of its side effects, the risk of a significant overdose is under-appreciated. She suffered from acute multisystem toxicity, including gastrointestinal disorders, bone marrow suppression, alopecia, and probable pancreatitis, but she ultimately recovered with supportive therapy. We report a case of acute colchicine toxicity from a single overdose with a review of the literature.