• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.625-633
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• 2016

Allium hookeri 뿌리의 $80^{\circ}C$ 열수 추출물 및 95% 에탄올 추출물을 각각 제조하여 추출별 항산화 활성, 항염증 효과를 비교한 후 효능이 더 뛰어난 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 급성 알코올 간 독성에 대한 보호 효과가 있는지를 살펴보았다. ICR mouse에 1주일간 A. hookeri 뿌리 추출물을 경구투여한 후 급성 알코올 간 독성을 유발하기 위하여 40% 알코올을 단회 투여한 후 혈청의 알코올 농도, AST, ALT의 변화, ADH, ALDH 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 A. hookeri 뿌리 추출물은 열수 추출물보다 95% 에탄올 추출물이 항산화 활성 및 항염증 효과가 더 뛰어났으며, A. hookeri 뿌리 95% 에탄올 추출물은 알코올 섭취 시 혈액 및 체내 에탄올 제거 속도를 촉진하고 혈청 AST와 ALT의 활성을 억제하며 간의 ADH, ALDH 활성을 증가시켰다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 음주로 인한 간 손상에 대해 보호 효과를 나타내는 기능성 식품 소재로서 A. hookeri 뿌리 95% 에탄올 추출물의 효능을 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2023

Red rice Yeasts는 홍국 또는 붉은 코지로 불리며 오래전부터 아시아에서 기능성 식품 친 전통의학에서 사용되고 있다. 홍국쌀에는 여러가지 생리 활성 물질을 포함하여 기능적인 2차대사산물과 6가지 유형의 색소를 생성한다. 간 질환의 주요한 원인인 알코올로 인한 알코올성 간 질환(ALD)은 단순 지방증 또는 염증으로 섬유증 및 간경변에 이르기까지 다양할 수 있으며, 장 누수 및 전신 내독소혈증을 유발하여 장장벽을 파괴하고 장내 미생물 변화를 증가시킨다. 본 연구는 홍국쌀(Monascus purpureus; RYR) 에탄올 추출물이 과량의 에탄올로 유발된 간 및 장 손상 마우스모델에서 간 및 장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. RYR 추출물을 10일 동안 200 mg/kg 체중/일의 농도로 C57/BL/6N 마우스에 경구 투여한 후 과량의 알코올 (5g/kg/용량)을 12시간 간격으로 3회 처리하였다. 과량의 알코올 노출은 혈장의 내독소, AST 및 ALT 활성과 간 트리글리세리드 수치를 유의적으로 증가시켰지만 RYR 처리는 이들 수치를 감소시켰다. 또한, RYR 전처리는 과량의 알코올 유발 장누수 및 간 손상에서 알코올 유발 산화 인자 단백질 및 세포사멸 인자를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과는 RYR이 알코올로 인한 급성 장누수 및 간 손상을 예방할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2016

본 연구는 선행연구를 통한 으름 추출물의 간 보호 효과에 대하여 으름 추출물 내 유효물질로 알려진 oleanolic acid와 hederagenin을 생쥐에 투여하였을 때 알코올로 인한 급성 간독성 상태에서 간 보호 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과 oleanolic acid와 hederagenin의 투여는 알코올로 유발된 급성 간독성 상태에서 혈중 알코올 농도 감소 및 alcohol dehydrogenase mRNA 발현을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 간 조직 내 항산화 물질인 glutathione(GSH)의 농도를 증가시키고, GSH synthetic enzyme의 mRNA 발현 역시 증가시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 염증반응 지표인 tumor necrosis factor-alpha의 mRNA 발현도 억제하는 것으로 분석되었다. 위의 결과들과 기존의 실험에서 확인한 으름 추출물의 간 보호 효과를 종합하였을 때 으름 추출물의 알코올로 유발된 산화 스트레스, 염증반응에 대한 간 보호 효과는 추출물 내 유효물질로 알려진 oleanolic acid 및 hederagenin의 작용에 의한 것이라 생각한다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2014

발효에 의한 헛개열매의 기능성 상승 정도를 검토하고자, 헛개열매열수추출물을 발효시킨 후 급성 및 만성 알코올 투여 간손상 동물모델을 통하여 체중감량 억제, 알코올 분해 및 간기능 개선 효능을 검증하였다. 급성 알코올 투여 동물모델에서 헛개열매발효군(ET-FHWE)은 알코올대조군(ET)에 비하여 혈청 알코올 농도가 유의적으로 감소되었고, 특히 알코올 투여 3시간 후의 알코올 농도는 헛개열매추출액발효물에 의해 46.1%, 헛개열매열수추출물에 의해 19.1% 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 알코올 투여에 의해 증가된 혈청 아세트알데하이드 농도는 헛개열매추출액발효물에 의해 알코올 투여 3시간 후에는 48.7%, 5시간 후에는 39%로 알코올대조군(ET)보다 유의적으로 감소하였고, 이는 헛개열매열수추출물은 발효에 의해 알코올 및 아세트알데하이드 분해능이 증가하는 것으로 사료되었다. 만성 알코올 투여 간손상 동물모델 실험에서 알코올 투여에 의해 상승된 혈청 알코올 농도는 헛개열매열수추출물과 헛개열매추출액발효물 투여에 의해 각각 31%, 41% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 아세트알데하이드 농도와 ${\gamma}$-GTP 활성도는 헛개열매열수추출물과 헛개열매추출액발효물 투여에 의해 알코올대조군(ET)보다 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 장기간 알코올 투여에 의한 체중 감소 억제 및 간조직 지질수준의 유의적 감소를 나타내었다. 또한 헛개열매추출액발효물은 장기간의 알코올 투여로 인해 감소된 혈당을 유의적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 급성 알코올 투여 동물모델에서 헛개열매열수추출물은 발효에 의해 알코올 및 아세트알데하이드 분해능이 증진되었고, 만성 알코올 투여 모델을 통한 실험에서는 발효에 의해 헛개열매의 간기능 개선효능이 유지됨과 동시에 일부 효능(혈청 지질 및 혈당 수준 개선능)은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 헛개열매추출액발효물은 급성 및 만성 알코올성 간손상 억제에 있어서 헛개열매열수추출물보다 더욱 강력한 기능성 물질로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

Alcoholism is a significant health problem in the world. The liver is the first and primary target organ for alcohol metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase play important roles in the metabolism of alcohol and aldehyde. In this study, I aimed to investigate the eliminatory effects of a Phellinus spp. extract on alcohol metabolism in drunken Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male SD rats were given Phellinus spp. extract at 30 min after 40% (5 g/kg) alcohol ingestion. To assay the effect of Phellinus spp. extract on blood alcohol concentration, blood samples were taken from the tail vein at 1, 3 and 5 h after alcohol ingestion. The concentrations of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase in Phellinus spp. extract treated rat were significantly lower than that of the control with a time-dependent manner. In addition, the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities of Phellinus spp. extract-treated groups were altered compared to those of the control group. These results suggest that Phellinus spp. extract intake can have a positive effect on the reduction of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase concentrations in the blood and may alleviate acute alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities. Phellinus spp. extract is thus a good nutraceutical candidate.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2016

Chronic or acute alcohol abuse often leads to liver injury associated with alcoholic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. In addition to the liver, alcohol abuse also induces a variety of other tissue injuries including pancreatitis, cardiomyopathy, neurotoxicity and muscle loss. Chronic skeletal muscle myopathy, independent of peripheral neuropathy, is well recognised in alcoholic patients. Several mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic myopathy. Ethanol is a potent inhibitor of muscle protein synthesis. Gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles are Type II fiber-predominant and usually considered representative of the musculature as a whole. Whereas, soleus muscle is Type I fiber predominant. Shihosogan-san is a traditional Korean medicine that is widely employed to treat indigestion and liver diseases. Muscle diseases are often related to liver diseases and conditions. We therefore tested the hypothesis that treatment with Shihosogan-san could ameliorate the ethanol-induced changes in muscle protein synthesis. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally given 25% ethanol (5ml/kg, body weight) daily with Ethanol for 28 days. Normal group was similarly administrated with saline. In Shihosogan-san treated group, rats were orally administrated Shihosogan-san extract, and rats of EtOH group were given with the vehicle only. After 4 week, the morphology of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. For comparative purposes, liver function was also investigated. The muscles from rats of EtOH group displayed a significant reduction in average cross section area compared to Normal group. Shihosogan-san treated group had increased fiber compared to the EtOH group. Moreover, Shihosogan-san treated group compared with EtOH group showed significantly decreased pro-apoptotic BAX expression and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, Shihosogan-san extract showed ameliorating effects on chronic alcohol toxicity in skeletal muscle.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

Hovenia dulcis which is distributed in Korea, China and Japan is known to show hepatoprotctive effect and reduce the acute alcohol toxicity. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect against the chemically induced experimental liver injury models and lowering effect of blood alcohol level in animal models acutely administered alcohol by the peduncle extracts of Hovenia dulcis var. koreana were investigated. HdfHW-1, and HdfM-1 which are the extracts of fruit peduncles and young branches with hot water or 70％ methanol and followed with 100％ methanol, were significantly reduced the $CCl_4$ or D-galactosamine/LPS induced damage in sliced liver. The hot water or methanol extracts of fruit peduncle protected dose-dependently against $CCl_4$ induced toxicity in primary hepatocyte culture and particularly, the amount of LDH release was reduced to the control level at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of hot water extracts. HdfHW-1 also decreased the hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ in rats. The active components of HdfHW-1 seemed to be high molecular weights because 0.2 M NaCl HdfHW-1 fraction was the most effective among NaCl fractions of HdfHW-1 eluted with various concentrations of NaCl on DEAE 650C column chromatography. HdfM and HdfHW were significantly reduced the levels of blood alcohol in rats and mice administered 40％ alcohol. These results indicated that the hot water or methanol extracts of fruit peduncle of Hovenia dulcis var. koreana have hepatoprotective effect and may be reduce alcohol toxicity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2007

Persimmon is well-known as a Korean traditional medicine for alleviating coughs and enhancing blood circulation; it is also used for treatment of hypertension, cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. To evaluate the protective properties of persimmon leaf methanol extract (PLME) and persimmon fruit methanol extract (PFME) administration on acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, C57BL/6 male mice were gavaged with or without persimmon extracts for 1 week. Hepatotoxicity was then induced by gavage of 5 g/kg BW ethanol. After 12 hr of ethanol administration, blood and liver were collected and analyzed for biochemical markers of hepatotoxicity. The results showed PLME and PFME treatments decreased the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared with ethanol control. Both PLME and PFME reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, but elevated alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Serum triglyceride (TG) and hepatic cholesterol levels were significantly decreased when treated with PLME and PFME. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in PLME and PFME groups compared with ethanol control. Furthermore, the administration of PLME and PFME significantly increased the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-red). In summary, PLME and PFME appeared to prevent hepatic injury by accelerating alcohol metabolism by increasing alcohol-metabolizing enzyme activities, by activating the antioxidative enzyme system against oxidative stress, and by decreasing fat accumulation, which is evidenced by decreased hepatotoxic indices in serum.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.124-128
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• 2014

Alcoholism is a significant global health problem. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase play important roles in the metabolism of alcohol and aldehyde. In this study, we aimed to investigate the eliminatory effects of a fruit extract drink on alcohol metabolism in drunken Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male SD rats were given a fruit extract drink or a commercial product (10 mL/kg) 30 min prior to 40% (5 g/kg) ethanol ingestion. To assay the effect of the fruit extract drink on blood ethanol concentration, blood samples were taken from the saphenous vein at 3 and 5 h after ethanol ingestion. The blood concentrations of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the fruit extract drink group than in the control group, in a time-dependent manner. However, the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities of all experimental groups were unaltered compared to those of the control group. These results suggested that fruit extract drink intake can have a positive effect on the reduction of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase concentrations in the blood and may alleviate acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

Alcoholism and alcohol abuse are major public health concerns. This is linked to the injury of many organs, especially liver. Experiments were peformed to know the acute effects of LeeKwaDoo (LKD) induced by two-third partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. In liver samples, regeneration parameters and histological assessment were performed. For the blood biochemical study, the blood were assayed with AST, ALT. The portal branch of liver lobes was ligated in the male Sprague-Dowley rats, two-thirds partial hepatectomies were also performed. It was estimated bodyweight and relative liver weight for the index of liver mass. For the marker of blood chemistry, we investigate the serum sample of rats and demonstrated the level of AST, ALT. Remaining tissues of liver developed as microscopic structures. Resection of the lobes in PH+LKD group resulted in a marked change of liver weight, blood chemistry and histological changes. The initiation of the proliferative response in PH group stimulated as well as reduction of the liver mass. On the other hands, the Initiation of the proliferative response in PH+LKD group delayed. Eventually, both PH group and PH+LKD group was restored relative liver weigh after 7 day. In conclusion, the acute adminstration of LKD seems to inhibit the initial response of liver regeneration through alcohol effects.