• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.296-304
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to demonstrate objective stability of postoperative pain management status managed by nurse-based, anesthesiologist-supervised Acute Pain Service (APS). Methods: A retrospective descriptive review was conducted with 5,748 patients who had used intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) from January to December 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statics, Frequency analysis, ANOVA, Cross tabulation with χ2test, and Correlation coefficient. Results: As the APS nurse's education date increased, the period of using PCA was statistically significantly longer, and the period of stopping PCA while using it became shorter (p<.001). Statistically significant, the most painful operations were extremities, spine, upper abdomen, and thorax, while the least painful surgery was lower abdomen (p<.001). Lower abdominal surgery used the highest amount of PCA (p<.001), and extremities and spinal surgery, the lowest amount of PCA and frequently stop using it (p<.001). The most common side effects were nausea and vomiting after surgery, with an incidence of 16.0% within 24 hours and 9.8% within 48 hours. The overall error caused by PCA was 1.5%, with 84.3% being caused by human errors. Conclusion: With the pain management effect of APS nurses, patients used PCA more effectively. There were also fewer side effects and error rates compared to prior studies. Therefore, it is suggested that this system is safe and effective for pain management.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.158-164
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• 2014

Purpose: Numerous studies have investigated the pattern of traumatic death with a focus on the injury mechanism, the severity of the injury and the presence of hemorrhage. Acute coagulopathy has been treated as only one of many complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of acute coagulopathy on acute and early death due to trauma. Methods: A retrospective analysis of trauma patients with injury severity score (ISS)${\geq}25$ who had been treated between January 2011 and December 2012 was conducted. Based on the time of injury, traumatic death was categorized into acute (within 48 hours) and early (from 3 to 7 days). The correlations between various parameters within 24 hours after injury and time of death were analyzed. Results: A total of 124 patients were enrolled. Of them, 8.1% (n=10) of the patients experienced acute mortality. For those patients, significant differences in initial systolic blood pressure, coagulopathy score, amount of transfusion, abbreviated injury scale of the head and neck, the abdomen and the extremities were noted. Early mortality was experienced by 7.0% (n=8) of the patients, only coagulopathy score was found to be a significant independent risk factor for acute (odds ratio: 3.127; 95% confidence interval: 1.185-8.252; p=0.021) and early mortality (odds ratio: 2.470; 95% confidence interval: 1.029-5.929; p=0.043). Conclusion: Acute traumatic coagulopathy has an important role in the mortality, even after the acute phase. Early management and prevention of acute coagulopathy may improve survival of trauma patients.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.120-136
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• 2002

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate Acute and Subacute Toxicity, and Anti-cancer Effect of H Herbal-acupuncture on mice and rats. Methods : Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with H Herbal-acupuncture for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague-Dawley rats were experimented in the same way for subacute toxicity test. H Herbal-acupuncture was injected into abdomen of mice having S-180 cancer cell line. Result : 1. During the test, $LD_{50}$ could not be counted since there was no expired subjects. 2. In an acute toxicity test, the loss of motility and reflex action was observed, but weight increased in the treatment group, compared with those in the normal group (P<0.05). 3. In an acute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of mice, glucose increased in the treatment group II while total cholesterol was increased in the all treatment groups (P<0.05). 4. In a subacute toxicity test, a little loss of motility and reflex action was observed in the treatment group. Weight of mice in the treatment group decreased on the 28th day. 5. In a subacute toxicity test, liver weight was decreased but lung weight of mice increased in the all treatment groups (P<0.05). 6. As a result of measuring Complete Blood Count test (CBC) of rat, HCT was decreased in treatments even though it was not significant, compared with the normal group (P<0.05). 7. In a serum biochemical value test of subacute toxicity, total protein and albumin decreased in the all treatment groups. Creatinine, glucose, GOT increased in the treatment group I compared with the control group. Alkaline phos-phatase decreased in treatment II group, compared with the control group (P<0.05). 8. Median survival time that was measured in the rats treated with sarcoma-180 cancer cell Median decreased in the treatment group, compared with the control group (P<0.05). 9. Natural killer cell activity showed significant reduction at 100:1 and 10:1 E/T ratio while it increased at 50:1 E/T ratio. It is inferred that there was an error in the experiment (P<0.05). 10. In an interleukin-2 productivity test, even though it decreased in lung cancer, and increased in abdomen cancer, but it was only a small difference (P<0.005). 11. After injecting B16F10 cell into a capillary vessel of C57BL/6 mice and generating metastasized lung cancer, the lung was examined with the naked eye. It was not possible to see metastasized cancer in the all groups on the seventh day but the cancer was viewed on the fourteenth day. The number and volume of metastasized cancer in the treatment group enlarged in the treatment group, compared with the control group. Conclusion : According to the results, H herbal-acupuncture took no effects in cancer.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.226-229
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• 2009

Gastrointestinal involvement in Henoch-Sch$\"{o}$nlein purpura (HSP) is common. However, both acute pancreatitis and acute renal failure appear to be very rare complications of HSP. We describe a case of HSP with acute pancreatitis and hypovolemic acute renal failure in a 7-year-old girl who presented with a vasculitic purpuric rash involving the lower extremities, abdominal pain, hematochezia, vomiting, and oliguria. Laboratory findings showed increased serum levels of amylase, lipase, and creatinine. An abdominal CT scan revealed diffuse enlargement of the head and body of the pancreas. The patient was successfully managed with conservative treatment, including corticosteroids, and then her pancreatic enzymes and renal function returned to normal. Acute pancreatitis should be differentiated from other causes of acute abdomen in HSP to avoid unnecessary surgery.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.244-248
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• 2006

Shigella infection usually produces gastrointestinal symptoms but rarely causes urinary tract infection. A 7-year-old girl was admitted for fever, chills, right flank pain, and dysuria. She had no vomiting or diarrhea. There was mild tenderness in her right lower abdomen, and right CVA tenderness was also noted. Acute pyelonephritis was diagnosed by abdominal CT. She showed improvement with intravenous administration of antibiotics. The first urine culture grew $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL Shigella dysenteri. Although urinary tract infections due to Shigella species are extremely rare, Shigella species should be considered as a possible cause of pediatric urinary tract infection. We report the first case of urinary tract infection caused by S. dysenteri, which presented as acute pyelonephritis without gastrointestinal symptoms in a child.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.208-219
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study is to report the effect of pharmacopuncture on the treatment of acute appendicitis. Methods: A twenty-nine-year old male patient who was diagnosed with acute appendicitis was treated by V pharmacopuncture at Maengjang-point (盲腸点) and tender points on the abdomen for three days. Results: After three days of V pharmacopuncture treatment, appendicitis was improved. Conclusions: This case has shown the possibility of treating acute appendicitis with Korean medicine, rather than using western treatments such as surgery. Therefore, pharmacopuncture may be a possible treatment candidate for appendicitis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2019

Isolated tubal torsion is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen in pregnancy. Tubal torsion may occur in the absence of adnexal disease. Diagnosing tubal torsion is especially difficult in pregnancy because no precise preoperative radiological and biochemical investigations have been conducted. Most patients are diagnosed during surgery. Here, I present a case of isolated tubal torsion in a pregnant woman at 35 weeks and 6 days of gestation that was managed with salpingectomy and cesarean section simultaneously.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 1981

Acute gastric volvulus is one of the most fatal complications of the eventration of diaphragm and require emergency surgical treatment unless it is possible to pass a nasogatric tube. This 10 year old female patient was admitted because of severe abdominal pain and marked abdominal distention before about 3 days. On chest P-A and plain abdomen, there were the elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and marked dilatation of stomach and the triad of symptoms emphasized by Bochdalek in 1904 was present. Emergency operation [wedge resection of necrotic area of stomach and gastropexy after gastric decompression and plication of diaphragm] was performed. The type of gastric volvulus was organo-axial rotation, in which the stomach rotated around the line that connects the cardia with the pylorus [Fig. 4].

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

Objectives : The present study was carried out to determine if Glycyrrhizae Radix extract exerts beneficial effect against the ischemia-induced acute renal failure in rabbits. Glycyrrhizae Radix was known to reinforce the function of the spleen and replenish Qi, remove heat and counteract toxicity, dispel phlegm and relieve cough, alleviate spasmodic pain, and to moderate drug actions. It's indications are weakness of the spleen and the stomach marked by lassitude and weakness; cardiac palpitation and shortness of breath; cough with much phlegm: spasmodic pain in the epigastrium, abdomen and limbs: carbuncles and sores. It is often used for reducing the toxic or drastic actions of other drugs. Methods : Antioxidative effect of 3% concentration of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract was measured. Rabbits were treated with Glycyrrhizae Radix extract via i.v., followed by renal ischemia/reperfusion, and the changes of urine volume, serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate(GFR), fractional Na+ excretion$(FE\;Na^+)\;and\;K^+\;excretion(FE\;K^+)$ in ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal failure were measured. Results : Renal ischemia/reperfusion caused increase of serum creatinine level, which was accompanied by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate(GFR). The fractional excretion of $Na^+\;and\;K^+$ increased in ischemia-induced animals, which was partially prevented by Glycyrrhizae Radix extract treatment. Conclusions : These results indicate that lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in ischemia-induced acute renal failure. Glycyrrhizae Radix extract exerts the protective effect against acute renal failure induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion, and its effect may be attributed to an antioxidant action.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 2006

The present stuby was carried out to determine if Radix Glycyrrhizae extract exerts beneficial effect against the ischemia-induced acute renal failure in rabbits. Radix Glycyrrhizae was known to reinforce the function of the spleen and replenish Qi, remove heat and counteract toxicity, dispel phlegm and relieve cough, alleviate spasmodic pain, and to moderate drug actions. It's indications are weakness of the spleen and the stomach marked by lassitude and weakness; cardiac palpitation and shortness of breath; cough with much phlegm; spasmodic pain in the epigastrium, abdomen and limbs; carbuncles and sores. It is often used for reducing the toxic or drastic actions of other drugs. Rabbits were treated with Radix Glycyrrhizae extract via i.v., followed by renal ischemia/reperfusion. Fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate, lipid peroxidation and light microscopy were done to evaluate the beneficial effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae extract on ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal failure. Renal ischemia/reperfusion caused increase of fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate increased in ischemia-induced animals, which was partially prevented by Radix Glycyrrhizae extract treatment. Ischemia/reperfusion increased lipid peroxidation, which was prevented by Radix Glycyrrhizae extract administration. And the beneficial effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae extract on ischemia/reperfusion induced kidney injury was shown through the light micrographic observation. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in ischemia-induced acute renal failure. Radix Glycyrrhizae extract exerts the protective effect against acute renal failure induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion.