• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.158-166
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• 2023

Background: Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ASD) is caused by the involuntary contraction of laryngeal muscles due to dystonia localized to the larynx. In the case of ASD, conventional treatment is mainly performed with a botulinum toxin injection. However, the botulinum toxin injection has a short-lasting effect and requires repeated injections. Alternatives are needed due to concerns over adverse effects, such as general weakness and airway aspiration caused by the botulinum toxin injection. Case report: A 46-year-old female patient with ASD complained of voice tremor and hoarseness. The combined Korean medical treatments-Ukgan-san-gami, Jakyakgamcho-tang, acupuncture, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)-were administered on the first day the patient was hospitalized. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) was evaluated during the treatment. The VHI taken on the second day totaled 92 points. On the ninth day, 81 points were recorded. Total score gradually improved, and on the 16th day, 62 points were recorded. Combined Korean medical treatment lasted 19 days. Conclusion: The present case report suggests that a combined Korean medical treatment approach with Ukgan-san-gami, Jakyakgamcho-tang, acupuncture, and TENS might be effective for symptoms such as voice tremors and hoarseness. Combined Korean medical treatment can be a therapeutic option for patients with ASD.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2018

■ Objectives The purpose of this case report is to show the effect of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) on a patient with horizontal eye movement disorder due to Foville syndrome. ■ Methods A patient with horizontal eye movement disorder as Foville syndrome was treated with herbal medication, acupuncture, electro-acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Then we evaluated the improvement with mobility impairment, length of movement and House-Brackmann scale before and after treatment ■ Results Improvements of mobility impairment, distance at left gaze and House-Brackmann scale were observed after the TKM treatment. ■ Conclusion This case report shows the effect of TKM treatment on horizontal eye movement disorder due to Foville syndrome.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.277-289
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• 2009

Recently, functional MRI has been used to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture and the specificity of acupoint. The group data tend to be regarded as more important than the individual data in the most of previous studies. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the variability of individual data on the group results. A functional MRI (fMRI) of the whole brain was performed in fifteen healthy subjects during placebo and acupuncture stimulations at the ST36 acupoint. After remaining at rest for 30 seconds, the acupuncture was inserted and twisted at the rate of 2 Hz for 45 seconds and then the acupuncture was removed immediately. This process was repeated three times. Individual and group analyses were performed by voxel-based analyses using SPM2 software. Visual inspections of the activation and deactivation maps from individual sessions have shown the large variability across fifteen subjects. This means that the group data reflected the brain activation responses of only a few subjects. We suggest that the individual data should be presented to demonstrate the effect of acupuncture.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.36-43
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• 2006

Objectives : Acupuncture has been widely applied to rehabilitation after stroke by Oriental medical doctors in Korea. It has been reported that acupuncture increased cerebral blood supply and stimulated the functional activity of brain nerve cells. In addition, a correlation between activation of specific areas of brain cortices and corresponding acupuncture stimulation at the therapeutic points had been well illustrated. rill now, however, there were few studies which evaluated a correlation between activation of specific areas of brain and frequently-used acupuncture therapy for stroke, such as LI4-LI11 electro-acupuncture (EA) for paresis after stroke. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of LI4-LI11 EA on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in normal volunteers using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). Methods : In the resting state, $^{99m}Tc-ECD$ brain SPECT scans were performed on 10 normal volunteers (8 males, 2 females, mean age $25.6{\pm}2.3$years; age range from 24 to 31 years). 7 days after the resting examination, 15 minutes of electro-acupuncture were applied at LI 4 and LI 11 on the right side of the subjects. Immediately after LI4-LI11 EA, the second SPECT images were obtained in the same manner as the resting state. Significant increases and decreases of regional cerebral blood flow after LI4-LI11 EA were estimated by comparing their SPECT images with those of the resting state using paired t statistics at every voxel, which were analyzed by Statistical parametric mapping with a threshold of p=0.001, uncorrected (extent threshold: k=100 voxels). Results : EA applied at right LI4-LI11 increased rCBF in right frontopolar area (Brodmann area 10) and left middle frontal area (Brodmann area 46). Interestingly, all the areas showing increased rCBF corresponded to the territories of both anterior cerebral arteries. However, LI4-11 EA decreased rCBF in the left occipital lobe (peristriate area, Brodmann area 19). Conclusions : The results demonstrated a correlation between LI4-11 EA and rCBF increase in the frontal lobes. It is also suggested that there may be a correlation between LI meridian and the territory of the anterior cerebral arterties.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3 s.39
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• pp.36-44
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• 1999

Objectives: It has been well known that electroacupuncture(EA) has an analgesic effect and there is a pain control system in the central nervous system(CNS). The pain control system is composed of three major nuclei, which are periaqueductal gray(PAG), raphe nuclei, and the pain inhibitory complex located in the spinal cord. It has been suggested that the analgesic effect of EA might be the result of activation of the pain control system in the CNS. However, there may be a possibility that other nuclei are also involved in this pain modulation. Thus, we investigated whether the posterior intralaminar thalamic nuclei (PTIN) are involved in the pain modulation. Methods: To measure the level of pain, the jaw opening reflex (JOR) was used as a pain index. The magnitude of JOR is estimated by averaging the area of 10 successive responses. JOR was evoked by tooth-pulp stimulation with bipolar electrode carrying stimulus with the following parameters: intensity ranging from 420uA to 680ulA, 0.3ms duration of square pulse, and 0.5 Hz. Hapkog($LI_4$) and Taechung ($LR_3$) were the chosen acupoints. The Hapkog point was stimulated ipsilaterally at 5V, 3 Hz, for 15min in total, and the Taechung was stimulated at 2-3 V, 3 Hz, and for a total of 15 or 30 minutes. Different intensities of stimulation were given the PITN; one was given at $300{\mu}A$ and the other was at 500uA. The position stimulated in these nuclei by Paxinos Atlas was AP; from bregma $-4.0{\sim}-4.3mm,\;L; 0.5{\sim}1.8mm,\;D;\;4.8{\sim}6.3mm$. Results: The Hapkog point had a significant analgesic effect (P<0.05). However, the Taechung point had no effect. Both types of stimulation in the PITN did not reveal any analgesic effects. Conclusions: From these results, it was suggested that the posterior intralaminar thalamic nuclei are not involved in the modulation of pain.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.444-448
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• 2007

Recently, intra-Muscular Stimulation (IMS) therapy is being increasingly used for musculoskeletal pain. This procedure is generally regarded as a safe procedure for the general public. Some cases of iatrogenic pneumothorax caused by acupuncture have been reported in the medical literature. However, a case of an IMS therapy associated pneumothorax has not reported. We experienced two cases of iatrogenic pneumothorax after IMS therapy. A 62 year-old man received IMS therapy on the right shoulder due to posterior neck pain. After IMS therapy, acute dyspnea and chest discomfort developed. The other patient was a 74 year-old woman who also received IMS therapy. This patient experienced a nonproductive cough and acute dyspnea after the treatment. As the popularity of this form of alternative medicine increases, we might expect to see more cases of iatrogenic pneumothorax. Physicians should be aware of the adverse events associated with IMS therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2002

The effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at SP-6 with different durations on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and on the cardiovascular system were evaluated in dogs under isoflurane anesthesia. Eight healthy male beagles were randomly assigned to four study groups (n = 5/group) with washout period of 7 days for recovery and anesthetic withdrawal between experiments. Four study groups were control, nonacupoint electrical stimulation (NA), EA for 30 minutes (SP-6) and continuous EA for 70 or 90 minutes (SP-6C). For the nonacupoint electrical stimulation group, needles were inserted into the nonacupoint at the muscle bellies of left triceps brachii and right quadriceps femoris. MAC and cardiovascular parameters were determined after EA at SP-6 acupoint and at nonacupoint. Thirty minutes of EA and continuous EA until re-determination of MAC at SP-6 acupoint lowered the MAC of isoflurane by 21.3$\pm$8.0% and 16.1$\pm$4.6%, respectively (p<0.05). The decrements in MAC values were not significantly different between two EA groups. However, electrical stimulation of nonacupoint did not induce a significant change in MAC. In SP-6 and SP-6C groups, significant changes in cardiovascular parameters were not observed. These results indicate that EA at SP-6 have an advantage in isoflurane anesthesia in terms of reducing the requirement for anesthetics and minimizing cardiovascular side effects. EA for 30 minutes at maximum might be the sufficient time to produce acupuncture analgesia.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2007

Objectives: The object of this study is to report a clinical effect of chuna manual theraphy for the soft herniated intervertebral cervical disc. Methods: The patient was treated by cervical traction technique which is one of the chuna manual theraphy with other conservative treatments including acupuncture, herbal mixture, bee-venom theraphy and TENS(Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation). Visual analogue scale(VAS) have been used for result report. Results: After the cervical traction technique, the VAS was significantly improved. Conclusions: It is thought that the chuna manual theraphy might be effective to the patient with soft herniated intervertebral cervical disc.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

구강안면 동통중 가장 대표적인 측두하악장애를 치료하는데 있어 전기침 자극요법이 갖는 임상적 치료효과를 평가하기 위하여 측두하악장애 환자군을 환자에 대한 교육 및 온습포를 시행하는 자가치료 환자군, 전기침 자극요법을 시행하는 전기침 자극 환자군, 교합안정장치를 장착하는 구강내 장치장착 환자군, 총 3군으로 구분하였다. 이들 환자군에서 치료전과 치료 1주후 및 1개월 후에 visual analogue scale을 이용한 동통의 정도와 두경부의 근육촉진지수, 하악의 기능이상지수 및 저작근들의 압력통각역치를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 자가치료 환자군의 1주일 치료후 동통정도, 근육촉진지수 및 기능이상지수가 유의하게 감소되었다. 2. 전기침 자극환자군은 1주일 치료후 동통의 정도가 유의하게 감소하였으면 1개월 치료 후 동통의 정도와 근육촉진지수가 유의하게 감소되었다. 3. 구강내 장치장착환자군은 1주일 치료 후 동통의 정도가 유의하게 감소하고 심부교근의 압력통각역치가 유의하게 감소하였고 심부교근의 압력통각역치가 유의하게 증가되었다.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2016

이 임상례는 근육 경직으로 인한 견비통에 태충혈이 유효함을 제시하고 있다. 환자의 주관적인 만족도를 평가하기 위해 점수식 평점 척도(Numerical rating scale;NRs)를 측정하였고 어깨 경직의 객관적인 호전 정도를 평가하기 위하여 양측 견정혈의 통증 통각 역치(Pressure pain threshold;PPT)와 어깨 외전력, 어깨관절의 외전시 가동범위(Range of motion;ROM)을 측정하였다. 양측 태충혈에 15분간 유침 후 NRS는 5에서 2로 감소하였다. 치료 전 왼쪽 견정혈의 PPT는 19N이었고 오른쪽은 22N이었다. 치료 후 왼쪽 견정혈의 PPT는 22N이었고 오른쪽은 27N이었다. 치료 전 견관절의 외전력은 왼쪽에서 29N, 오른쪽에서 22N으로 측정되었다. 치료후 견관절의 외전력은 왼쪽에서 33N, 오른쪽에서 22N으로 측정되었다. 견관절 ROM은 치료 전과 후 동일하게 왼쪽 관절 170도, 오른쪽 관절 165도로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 태충혈 자극은 어깨의 경직을 해소하고 어깨 근력을 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 그것은 상부 승모근의 압통을 감소시킬 수 있다. 이러한 측면에서, 태충혈의 효과에 대해서 보다 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.